Learner Resource 2 – Exercise
Short term effects of exercise
In the space below, produce a mind map to explain the short term effects of exercise on the body.
For each effect, explain how it occurs and why it is of benefit.
Long term benefits of exercise
Make your own notes, by answering the following questions:
Which systems in the body will change with long-term exercise?
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Explain what is meant by VO2max and how it may change with long term exercise.
Describe the changes that will occur within muscles.
Explain what is meant by slow twitch and fast twitch muscle fibres.
Describe the effects of long-term exercise on the heart and lungs.
Explain simply what is meant by carbohydrate loading and how it is achieved.
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Describe the structure of glycogen and explain why it is an excellent storage molecule for muscle
cells.
Where else is glycogen stored in humans?
When does glycogen storage (glycogenesis) occur, and which hormone is responsible for this
process?
When does glycogen breakdown (glycogenolysis) occur, and which hormones stimulate this
process?
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Illegal approaches to improving performance
Name 3 illegal methods of improving performance.
1.
2.
3.
Why are these methods illegal?
Complete the following table:Method
How does it improve
performance
Risk to health
Steroid use
Blood doping
Use of EPO
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List some legal methods of enhancing performance in athletes:
Term
Definition/description
Stroke volume
Cardiac output
Tidal volume
Vital capacity
Vasodilation / vasoconstriction
Carbonic acid
Slow-twitch muscle fibres
Fast-twitch muscle fibres
Glycogen
Glycogenolysis
VO2 max
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