End of chapter quiz
Chapter C1: Air and water
Instructions and answers for teachers
These instructions cover the learner activity section which can be found on page 15. This
end of chapter quiz supports OCR GCSE (9-1) Chemistry B, chapter C1.
When distributing the activity section to the learners either as a printed copy or as a
Word file you will need to remove the teacher instructions section.
The Activity
This end of chapter quiz comprises of 42 marks covering a range of question types. The quiz
starts with some multiple choice questions and them moves on to some short answer
questions and then finally on to some longer answer questions.
The question worksheet can be used to consolidate understanding at the end of teaching the
chapter, to revisit and refresh knowledge at a later point in the course, or during exam
preparation.
Learning Outcomes
This lesson element relates to the specification learning outcomes in Chapter C1: Air and
water. The quiz covers the following topics:
C1.1 How has the Earth’s atmosphere changed over time, and why?
C1.2 Why are there temperature changes in chemical reactions?
C1.3 What is the evidence for climate change, why is it occurring?
C1.4 How can scientists help improve the supply of potable water?
.
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© OCR 2016
Chapter: C1 of J258
Total marks: 42
1.
The greenhouse effect is when infrared radiation from the sun is absorbed and
re-emitted by the earth, then absorbed and re-emitted in all directions by greenhouse
gases.
Which one of the following gases is a greenhouse gas?
A
nitrogen
B
carbon monoxide
C
methane
D
ethane
[1]
Your answer
C
Mark scheme:
Question
1
Version 1
Answer
Marks
C - methane
Guidance
1
2
© OCR 2016
2.
Most scientists now accept that recent climate change can be explained by increased
greenhouse gas emissions.
Which statement best describes the evidence for this?
A
The difference between the consumption of fossil fuels and global temperatures
over time.
B
The correlation between the consumption of fossil fuels and global temperature in
2015.
C
A correlation between the consumption of fossil fuels and global temperatures
over time.
D
An increase in consumption of fossil fuels and extreme weather.
[1]
Your answer
C
Mark scheme:
Question
2
Version 1
Answer
Marks
C - A correlation between the
consumption of fossil fuels and
global temperatures over time.
Guidance
1
3
© OCR 2016
3.
The greenhouse effect is causing climate change. Scientists aim to reduce the
greenhouse effect by reducing the use of fossil fuels.
(a)
Suggest a way to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
[1]
(b)
Suggest why different countries might make different decisions about the
best way to reduce climate change.
[2]
Total
[3]
Mark scheme:
Question
3
(a)
(b)
Answer
Marks
Carbon capture
Or
Reforestation
1
Personal/ social/ economic (reasons)
for example
2
Guidance
ALLOW “planting more trees”
DO NOT ALLOW using renewable
energy sources
IGNORE religious or cultural reasons
Developing countries such as
China/India will not commit to
reducing emissions of carbon dioxide
as they are increasing their industry
or trying to get their population out of
poverty but will increase energy
efficiency(1)
Whereas the richer, developed
countries will commit to reducing
carbon dioxide emissions as they
have more money to invest in new
technologies and have been through
their industrial expansion (1)
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4.
The proportion of greenhouse gases in the Earth’s atmosphere has increased over the last
200 years.
Agriculture
12%
other
7%
Energy production
Industry
17%
transport
13%
(a)
(i)
Domestic heating
15%
Calculate the percentage of carbon dioxide produced from energy generation in
the UK.
[1]
(ii)
The amount of carbon dioxide produced has increased in the last 200
years. Suggest a reason for the increase.
[1]
(b)
Describe the potential effects of increased levels of carbon dioxide and methane on the
Earth.
[2]
Total
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[4]
© OCR 2016
Mark scheme:
Question
4
(a)
Answer
Marks
Guidance
(i)
37%
1
(ii)
Any one from:
1
DO NOT ALLOW increased industry
2
ALLOW affects where we can farm
Increased amounts of concrete for
buildings
Increased amount of cars/ transport/
vehicles
Increased number of homes to heat
(b)
Increased need for products (so
more industry)
Affects where crops can be grown
DO NOT ALLOW just increase in
temperature
Extreme weather (patterns) owtte
Melting of polar ice caps
ALLOW “arctic” or “Antarctic” for
polar ice caps
Flooding of low land
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© OCR 2016
5.
The global population is increasing meaning there is a greater need for potable
water.
(a)
Name two stages of the process used to treat waste water to make it
safe for drinking.
1
[2]
2
(b) (i)
Describe how to test for chlorine.
[1]
(ii)
Chlorine is toxic yet some countries choose to chlorinate their water.
Suggest why.
[2]
Total [5]
Mark scheme:
Question
5
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
Answer
Marks
Any two from:
Filtration/ membrane filtration
Aeration
Bacteria
Chlorination
Distillation
(moist) Blue litmus paper (turns red)
2
The idea that the benefits outweigh
the risks:
2
Guidance
1
Used in small amounts so not as
toxic (1)
ALLOW “it means less people are
likely to get ill from microbes/ bacteria
in water” for one mark
Kills harmful microbes/ bacteria in
water so less illness/ spread of
disease(1)
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6.
The Earth, the atmosphere and the ocean are made up of elements and compounds
in different states. The particle model can be used to represent of these states.
(a)
(i)
Compare the particle models of each state.
[3]
(iI)
Using ideas about forces, explain why saltwater and pure water have
different boiling points.
[3]
(b) (i)
Describe how an oxygen rich atmosphere developed over time.
[2]
Total [8]
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© OCR 2016
Mark scheme:
Question
6
(a)
Answer
Marks
3
Solid:
Particles are touching
Guidance
Must be a comparison of all three
states
Award one mark for each state.
Arranged in a regular pattern
ALLOW particles can only vibrate
Vibrate around a fixed point
Liquid:
ALLOW converse - not all particles
touch
Some particles touch
(More) random arrangement
Particles can swap places
Gas:
Particles can be separate
Random arrangement
Move in any direction (with more
energy)
(ii)
ALLOW for 1 mark “particles are
spread out”
Any three from:
3
Salt water is a mixture of two types
of molecules
DO NOT ALLOW intermolecular
forces
Water is only made of one type of
particle
There are intramolecular forces
between molecules
The intramolecular forces are
stronger between particles of salt
and water (than water)
(b)
(i)
More energy is required to break
the bonds between particles of salt
and water than pure water
Plants/algae (1)
2
Carry out photosynthesis
producing oxygen and using
carbon dioxide so increasing the
oxygen in the atmosphere (1)
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© OCR 2016
7.
There is a high demand for energy in our modern lifestyle. The fossil fuels used for
transport and energy generation lead to emissions of pollutants which can harm
human health.
(a)
(i)
Sulphur dioxide is a pollutant produced by the combustion of fossil
fuels. What effect does sulphur dioxide have on the environment?
[2]
(iI)
Cars often have catalytic converters. Catalytic converters contain
nitrogen oxide to convert carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide and
one other product.
Write a balanced symbol equation for this reaction.
+

[2]
+
(b) Catalytic converters are one way of reducing emissions from the
combustion of fossil fuels.
Name and describe the effect of two other ways to reduce the emissions
of specific pollutants.
[4]
Total
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[8]
© OCR 2016
Mark scheme:
Question
7
(a)
(i)
Answer
Marks
Any two from:
Guidance
2
Formation of acid rain
Acidification of lakes/rivers owtte
ALLOW reservoirs, ponds, streams
Eroding stonework/ buildings
DO NOT ALLOW corroding
Killing aquatic life/ plants
“Harming wildlife” is insufficient
(ii)
2CO + 2NO → N2 + 2CO2
2
one mark for correct formula
one mark for balancing correctly
(b)
4
Low sulphur petrol (1)
To reduce the amount of sulphur
dioxide produced reducing acid
rain (1)
Answers must relate to the correct
pollutant
DO NOT ALLOW catalytic converters
as already given in the question
Gas scrubbers (in chimneys/
factories) (1)
To decrease emissions and
reduce particulates (1)
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8.
Combustion is an example of a chemical reaction with fuel and oxygen resulting in new
products forming.
(a) (i)
Define the term activation energy.
[1]
(ii)
Describe and explain the trend shown in the graph above using scientific
knowledge about reactions.
.
[6]
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© OCR 2016
(b) (i)
Hydrogen is becoming more commonly used as a fuel.
Complete the balanced symbol equation for the combustion of hydrogen in
oxygen.
H2 +

H2O
[1]
(ii)
Calculate the energy changes in the reaction above and decide if the
reaction is endothermic or exothermic.
Bond
Bond Energy (kJ/mol)
H-H
426
O=O
495
H-O-H
920
Answer……………………………….kJ/mol [4]
Total [12]
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© OCR 2016
Mark scheme:
Question
8
(a)
Answer
Marks
Guidance
(i)
(The input of ) energy needed to
start a reaction
1
owtte
(ii)
Level 3
6
Indicative of level 3:
Describe the trend, explain the
changes in energy levels in terms
of bonds
The energy rise is the activation energy
needed to start the reaction
Energy is needed to break bonds
Level 2
Energy is released when new bonds are
formed
Describe the trend in the graph
AND explain why the energy is
lower at the end of the reaction
More energy is released than is used
hence the reaction is exothermic
Level 1
Indicative of level 2:
Describes the trend in the graph
Or
The energy level is lower at the end of the
reaction as it is an exothermic reaction
Attempt to explain the energy
change
More energy required at the start of the
reaction than at the end
Level 0
Indicative of level 1:
Insufficient science
The energy increases between A and B
The energy decreases between B and D
Products formed at D
(b)
(i)
2H2 + O2  2H2O
1
(ii)
Energy in:
4
If answer on answer line = - 493 kJ/mol
award 3 marks
(2 x 426) + 495= 1347 kJ/mol
(1)
Energy out:
2 x 920 = 1840 kJ/mol (1)
Energy change:
1347-1840 = - 493 kJ/mol (1)
Exothermic
Version 1
Award only one mark for exothermic
(1)
14
© OCR 2016
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Version 1
15
© OCR 2016
Chapter: C1 of J258
Total marks: 42
Shorter answer questions:
1.
The greenhouse effect is when infrared radiation from the sun is absorbed and
re-emitted by the earth, then absorbed and re-emitted in all directions by greenhouse
gases.
Which one of the following gases is a greenhouse gas?
A
nitrogen
B
carbon monoxide
C
methane
D
ethane
[1]
Your answer
2.
Most scientists now accept that recent climate change can be explained by increased
greenhouse gas emissions.
Which statement best describes the evidence for this?
A
The difference between the consumption of fossil fuels and global temperatures
over time.
B
The correlation between the consumption of fossil fuels and global temperature in
2015.
C
A correlation between the consumption of fossil fuels and global temperatures
over time.
D
An increase in consumption of fossil fuels and extreme weather.
[1]
Your answer
Version 1
16
© OCR 2016
3.
The greenhouse effect is causing climate change. Scientists aim to reduce the greenhouse
effect by reducing the use of fossil fuels.
(a)
Suggest a way to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
[1]
(b) Suggest why different countries might make different decisions about the best
way to reduce climate change.
[2]
Total
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17
[3]
© OCR 2016
4.
The proportion of greenhouse gases in the Earth’s atmosphere has increased over the last
200 years.
Agriculture
12%
other
7%
Energy production
Industry
17%
transport
13%
(a)
(i)
Domestic heating
15%
Calculate the percentage of carbon dioxide produced from energy generation in
the UK.
[1]
(ii)
The amount of carbon dioxide produced has increased in the last 200
years. Suggest a reason for the increase.
[1]
(b)
Describe the potential effects of increased levels of carbon dioxide and methane on the
Earth.
[2]
Total
Version 1
18
[4]
© OCR 2016
5.
The global population is increasing meaning there is a greater need for potable water.
(a)
Name two stages of the process used to treat waste water to make it safe for
drinking.
1
[2]
2
(b)
(i)
Describe how to test for chlorine.
[1]
(ii) Chlorine is toxic yet some countries choose to chlorinate their water. Suggest
why.
[2]
Total [5]
Version 1
19
© OCR 2016
6.
The Earth, the atmosphere and the ocean are made up of elements and compounds in
different states. The particle model can be used to represent of these states.
(a)
(i)
Compare the particle models of each state.
[3]
(iI) Using ideas about forces, explain why saltwater and pure water have
different boiling points.
[3]
(b)
(i)
Describe how an oxygen rich atmosphere developed over time.
[2]
Total [8]
Version 1
20
© OCR 2016
7.
There is a high demand for energy in our modern lifestyle. The fossil fuels used for transport
and energy generation lead to emissions of pollutants which can harm human health.
(a)
(i)
Sulphur dioxide is a pollutant produced by the combustion of fossil fuels.
What effect does sulphur dioxide have on the environment?
[2]
(iI) Cars often have catalytic converters. Catalytic converters contain nitrogen
oxide to convert carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide and one other product.
Write a balanced symbol equation for this reaction.
+
(b)

[2]
+
Catalytic converters are one way of reducing emissions from the combustion of
fossil fuels.
Name and describe the effect of two other ways to reduce the emissions of
specific pollutants.
[4]
Total
Version 1
21
[8]
© OCR 2016
8.
Combustion is an example of a chemical reaction with fuel and oxygen resulting in new
products forming.
(a) (i)
Define the term activation energy.
[1]
(ii)
Describe and explain the trend shown in the graph above using scientific
knowledge about reactions.
.
[6]
Version 1
22
© OCR 2016
(b) (i)
Hydrogen is becoming more commonly used as a fuel.
Complete the balanced symbol equation for the combustion of hydrogen in
oxygen.

H2 +
H2O
[1]
(ii)
Calculate the energy changes in the reaction above and decide if the
reaction is endothermic or exothermic.
Bond
Bond Energy (kJ/mol)
H-H
426
O=O
495
H-O-H
920
Answer……………………………….kJ/mol [4]
Total [12]
Version 1
23
© OCR 2016