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培養孩子們 以 創意解難 的 思考方法
Part 1 - Vertical Thinking
Horizontal Thinking
Part 2 - Concepts
Operating Concept
Part 3 - Analogical Product Attributes
Upward Thinking
Gabriel Tong 唐裔隆
12 Nov 05
Vice President 副會長
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1st Patent - Perspective Machine - 1978
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Design begins with Purely Problem Solving
設計 由 純粹解決問題 開始
The Problem Solving Capability
induces Human Civilization & Culture
人類的文明與 文化 源於 解決問題的能力
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Design Concept 設計概念
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Design Concept 設計概念
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Design Concept 設計概念
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Design Concept 設計概念
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Design Concept 設計概念
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Vertical Thinking 垂直思考
Vague 模糊
Concept 概念
Reasoning
推理
Preliminary Design 設計構思
Solidifying /
Development
具體化 / 開發
Reasoning
推理
Detailed Design 細緻設計
Reasoning
推理
Concrete 具體
Product / Solution 答案
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Detailed Design in Design Details
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Vertical Thinking 垂直思考
Solution Focused
答案 為本
From Vague Concept to Concrete & Detailed Solution
由 模糊概念 至 具體細緻答案
Fast for Daily Problem Solving
解決日常問題 的 較快方法
Based on Reasoning
基於 推理
Reasoning relies on Knowledge & Experience
推理 依靠 知識 和 經驗
Essential for Idea Development
是 開發構思 的 基本功
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想通
通式思考
通識教育 = Liberal Studies ?
主動性
價值、分析
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Problems cannot be solved
by thinking within the framework
in which the problems were created
Albert Einstein
出位
用香港人的小聰明看愛因斯坦的大智慧
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Horizontal Thinking
橫向思考
Option
Option
Option
可能 / 選擇
可能 / 選擇
可能 / 選擇
Imagination
幻想力
Imagination
幻想力
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Option
• Option is Alternative, Possibility, plus More
• They are, in general, referring to the same thing but the
Concepts behind the words are different.
• Alternative is against the idea of the same level in
Vertical Thinking.
• Possibility is subject to the idea a level above or the
target solution a level below.
• Option – adding something to the situation in order to
design further Alternative.
• Understanding and using of Concept are essential for
Creative Thinking.
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Why Options (Alternatives / Possibilities) ?
為何要有 選擇 ?
If your tool is a hammer, every problem is a nail
如果你的工具只有鎚, 那麽你所有的問題便都是釘!
Markus Werth
If your tool is a laser cutter
every project is a piece of Perspex
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2004
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Preliminary Design Options
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No Idea is convincing
without its Options being considered,
so Design is often the process
of Option finding & Decision making.
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Imagination is more important
than knowledge
Albert Einstein
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A Horizontal layer of Thinking
Option
Possibility
Option
Possibility
Imagination
Possibility
Possibility
Alternative
Alternative
Option
Alternative
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Imagine yourself with No Imagination at all
4
$
!
A
5
@
B
6
C
?
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The most important Failure
was one of Imagination
The US 9/11 Commission’s Report
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Imagination = NO Limitation in your mind
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Limitations against Imagination :
• Reasoning
• Knowledge & Experience being the basis of
reasoning could be the limitations to imagination
• Negative Imagination taking as much effort as
Positive Imagination
• Fears
• But Imagination, Reasoning, Fears...
can also be the causes of Creativity
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Thinking (Brainstorming) like Children
•
•
•
•
•
•
Imaginative - Relax and Playful with Wild Ideas
No Limitation in the mind - Following No Rules
Curious - Breaking Rules / Pushing Boundaries
No Experience / No Tradition - Originality
Never Criticize - ask Why Not instead of Why
Be Presumptuous - Everything is Possible /
building Options on other’s Ideas
• No Fear of Failure
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Synthetic Thinking 綜合思考法
(in between Horizontal / Vertical contradiction)
Imagination
Concept
幻想力
Imagination
Concept
概念
幻想力
Concept
概念
概念
Reasoning
Reasoning
推理
推理
Preliminary Design
Pre. Design
設計意念
設計意念
Imagination
幻想力
Pre. Design
設計意念
Reasoning
推理
Detailed Design
Det. Design
Det. Design
具體設計
具體設計
具體設計
Reasoning
Imagination
Imagination
幻想力
幻想力
推理
More Creative Product / Solution
具創意的答案
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Creativity is
seeing what everyone else has seen and
thinking what no one else has thought
Albert Szent-Georgi, the discoverer of vitamin C
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Practical Creativity is the Culture
of switching, in the mind, between
Imagination and Reasoning
實用創意 是
幻想跟推理之間的腦力轉移 及 培養出來的特質
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Options & Design 設計 和 選擇
• Design is subjective decision making, but that
should fulfill the objective need, otherwise is Art.
設計是主觀判斷, 但需迎合客觀要求, 否則便是藝術
• Your Concept of Design forms the main basis of
your decision making / judgment.
你對設計的觀念, 構成你的判斷的主要基準
• Concept of Design varies between designers,
thus induces Uniqueness.
每個設計師對設計的觀念都有所不同, 但都正確, 及引發
獨特性
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my Concept of Design :
我的 設計 觀念 :
Problem Solving in the Unique way
用 獨特 的方式來 解決問題
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Should Creative Problem Solving
not serving as the main element of design,
the designers can more appropriately be called :
假如設計不以 創意解難 為主要原素;
則設計師, 更恰當地, 可被稱為 :
? Stylist
? Artist
? Decorator
? Planner
? Coordinator
? Engineer
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Different Emphasis in Problem Solving
解决問題 所偏重的方式差異
Engineering 工程 :
• Specific
專業化
• Technology Driven
科技主導
• Reasoning / Logical
推理 / 邏輯思考
• Solution Finding
尋求答案
• Vertical Thinking
垂直思考
Design 設計 :
• Holistic
整體性
• Human / User Centric
人本 / 使用者主導
• Imaginative
幻想 / 想像力
• Alternative Finding
尋找可行途徑 / 選擇
• Horizontal Thinking
橫向思考