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2
A. Introduction:
Macau (Macao) is one of the two special administrative regions of China. It is
made up of 3 main parts—Macau Peninsula, Taipa and Coloane. It is close to Hong
Kong and, with its unique history of development, is an ideal site for studying
concepts of urban changes and development. For more able students, comparative
study between the urban development of Hong Kong and Macau may also be
conducted.
The scope of this fieldwork investigation is the city centre of Macau, including
the Senado Square (議事亭前地) and its neighbourhood. A transect (Figure 1) along
three major roads in this area, namely Aveniada de Almeida Ribeiro (亞美打利庇盧
大馬路 / 新馬路), Avenida do Infante D. Henrique (殷皇子大馬路) and Avenida de
Sagres (沙格斯大馬路), has been designed for you to conduct your fieldwork
investigation. It is a line radiated out from Senado Square, starting at Pier 16 Hotel
and ending at MGM Grand Macau. By conducting a land use survey along this
transect, you can learn a lot about urban development and changes in Macau.
Pier 16 Hotel
MGM Grand Macau
Figure 1
A transect (red line) for data collection in the city centre of Macau
(Source: All the figures on P.1-6 of this set of worksheets are extracted from the website of
Macau Yellow Pages [www.yp.mo].)
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B. Pre-trip activities:
Before you start your fieldwork investigation in the city centre of Macau, finish the
following pre-trip activities.
1.
Using geographic information system (GIS) to know more about the study area:
As shown in Figure 1, the main route of this fieldwork investigation is a transect
along Aveniada de Almeida Ribeiro (亞美打利庇盧大馬路 / 新馬路), Avenida do
Infante D. Henrique (殷皇子大馬路) and Avenida de Sagres (沙格斯大馬路). Follow
the steps below to make use of the Macau Yellow Pages (A web-based GIS) to know
more about the urban landscape of your area of study.
a) Browse the website of Macau Yellow Pages (www.yp.mo). Choose “網上地圖”.
b)
Minimize the following 3D map by using the icon
on the left of the map.
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c)
You can then view the whole study area on your screen.
d)
At this point, you may use the following functions of the map to know more
about your study area:
(i)
3D image
2D image
2D / 3D / satellite view of Macau
By clicking the icons “立體”, “衛星”, “平面” on the top left corner of the
map respectively, you may view the 3D, satellite and 2D images of your
areas of interest.
Satellite image
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(ii) Know more about a feature (e.g. a building) in the 3D map by clicking the
feature with your mouse
An example of MGM Grand Macau is shown below. You may also click the
photograph in the information box (red circle) to enlarge the photograph of
the feature.
(iii) Measure the distance between two points on the 3D map
Left click your mouse at any point on the map to mark the starting point and
right click another point to mark the end point. The distance in metres will
be shown on the screen.
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(iv) Watch the video clip about a feature by clicking the icon
map.
on the 3D
e) Now, turn your map to the 3D view and browse our designed transect from Pier
16 Hotel to MGM Grand Macau. Describe the appearance of the buildings along the
route.
f)
Mark the location of Senado Square in Figure 1
g) Measure the distance from Senado Square to Pier 16 Hotel (Ponte 16) and to
MGM Grand Macau respectively. Explain the importance of Senado Square in terms
of its location and history of development.
(Hint: You may know more about the history of reclamation in Macau and development of Senado
Square from the reference books listed on P.12 or from “Information Folder (1)—The development of
city centre of Macau”.)
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h) Identify areas of urban decay and areas of recent development with the 3D map
and satellite images. Then, circle the areas of urban decay in blue and the areas of
recent development in yellow on Figure 1.
i) With reference to the areas of urban decay being identified in Question (h) above,
describe and explain their locational characteristics.
j) With reference to areas of recent development being identified in Question (h)
above, describe and explain their locational characteristics.
k) Describe and explain the urban development processes that can be found along
different parts of the transect.
(Hint: Reclamation and horizontal expansion, vertical expansion, urban decay and urban renewal)
2. Study the following two photographs (Figure 2) about areas around Pier 16 Hotel
at Inner Harbour (內港). Describe the appearance and conditions of the buildings in
the photographs.
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(a) The urban scene at the opposite of Pier 16 Hotel
Figure 2
Figure 3
(b) A vacant hotel
Pier 16 Hotel (Ponte 16)
3. Contrast the appearance and conditions of the buildings in Figure 2 with Pier 16
Hotel (Figure 3).
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Figure 4 Vacant land at the opposite of Pier 16 Hotel
4. With the help of Figures 2-4, describe and explain the urban development
processes that have taken place in the area close to the Inner Harbour.
5.
Study the newspaper clipping about “The Historic Centre of Macau” on P.10.
a) Print either Map 1 or Map 2 in the pdf file (mentioned in the newspaper clipping).
Mark the transect of this fieldwork investigation in red on the map.
b) Based on your printed map, evaluate the possible impact of “The Historic Centre
of Macau” and the setting up of related buffer zones on the urban development
processes of the city centre of Macau (along the transect). The photographs (Figure 5
and Figure 6) and the poster of Cultural Club (文化會館) (Figure 7) on P.11 may give
your some hints.
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“The Historic Centre of Macau” and
the setting up of “buffer zones”
“The Historic Centre of Macau” was successfully inscribed as a
World Heritage Site in 2005. World Heritage is the designation
for places on the Earth that are of outstanding universal value to
humanity and should be protected for future generations to
appreciate and enjoy.
“The Historic Centre of Macau” includes more than 20
monuments and their relevant streets and public piazzas in the
historic centre of Macau peninsula. Examples of these are Senado
Square (議事亭前地), “Leal Senado” Building (民政總署大樓),
Holy House of Mercy (仁慈堂大樓) and St. Dominic’s Church
(玫瑰堂). Along the route of “The Historic Centre of Macau”, the
rich urban evolutionary processes of the city centre of Macau can
also be seen.
In order to protect the “The Historic Centre of Macau”, “buffer
zones” are also established around the historic centre as a heritage
protection mechanism. In these buffer zones, there are
complementary legal and / or customary restrictions on their uses
and development. They act as an additional layer of protection to
“The Historic Centre of Macau”. For the spatial distribution of
“The Historic Centre of Macau” and their buffer zones, you may
refer to Map 1 and Map 2 (P.5-6) of the following pdf file:
http://edocs.icm.gov.mo/Heritage/MWHE3.pdf
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Figure 5
A notice being found near
Pier 16 Hotel
Figure 6 A building along the transect
(close to Pier 16 Hotel)
Cultural Club
Address: No.390 & 396, Aveniada de
Almeida Ribeiro, Macau
Tel:
(853) 28921811
Website: www.culturalclub.net
 The restoration and use of the histocial “Tak Seng On”
Pawnshop has been awarded with the Honourable
Mention in the UNESCO 2004 Asia-Pacific Heritage
Awards for Culture Heritage Conservation.
 The Cultural Club was selected for “Urban Best
Practices Area” showcase at 2010 Shanghai World Expo
Figure 7 A poster about Cultural Club
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6. For more information about the changes and development in the city centre of
Macau, you may refer to the following reference books or “Information Folder (1)—
The development of the city centre of Macau”:



林發欽主編(2005)《澳門街道的故事》，澳門：澳門培道中學歷史學會。
黃就順(2009)《澳門地理》，香港：三聯書店(香港)有限公司。
澳門大學澳門研究中心(2007)《澳門現代化進程與城市規劃 / Modernization
of Macau and Urban Planning》，澳門：澳門大學澳門研究中心。
C. The fieldwork investigation:
The Aim:
The aim of this fieldwork investigation is to study the changing urban landscape in the
city centre of Macau along a selected transect. Through examining the land use
pattern and characteristics of the buildings along the transect, the underlying urban
development processes can also be identified. You may further predict the further
development pattern in the city centre of Macau.
Field sites:
The main route (the transect) for this fieldwork investigation is shown in Figure 1.
You may also design supplementary routes for data collection according to your
enquiry title (more suggestions can be found in “Extended Activities” included in this
set of worksheets).
Field trip:
Data collection for this study may take you half a day. During the fieldwork, you
should walk along the transect and identify the land use pattern and underlying urban
development processes from Pier 16 Hotel to MGM Grand Macau.
Stages of fieldwork enquiry:
Your fieldwork investigation will be divided into 3 main stages as follows:
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Stage of fieldwork enquiry
Marks
1
Planning and preparation
10
2
Data Collection
20
3
Report Writing

Data processing, presentation
and analysis

Interpretation and conclusion

Evaluation
70
Stage 1—Planning and preparation
1. After finishing the pre-trip activities, you now have a preliminary understanding
of the changing urban landscape in the city centre of Macau. Based on the
information, develop your own enquiry title about changes and development in the
city centre of Macau.
2. Prepare for the field trip at the city centre of Macau. Fill in Table 1:
 Develop the enquiry title / question;
 Clarify the objectives of the enquiry;
 Identify the type of information (primary and secondary data) that is
required;
 Decide on the methods and instruments to be used;
 Prepare for the enquiry, e.g. designing record sheets (see two sample record
sheets in “Appendix 1”), preparing a base map of the transect (with
buildings) for recording purposes (similar to the one in Appendix 2) and
questionnaires; and
 Develop the enquiry sequences.
Enquiry Title:
Explanation of the study
(scope, objectives, geographical questions / problems / phenomena / focusing
questions / hypothesis):
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Relevant geographical concepts and perspectives (with references):
Required information (primary and secondary):





Methods of investigation:



Instruments for data collection:





Enquiry sequences:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
…
Table 1 Planning and preparation for the fieldwork investigation
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Stage 2—Data Collection
Along the transect at the city centre of Macau, collect
data for your enquiry. At this stage, you should:
 use different techniques and instruments to collect data in the field;
 record and organise field data systematically; and
 gather supplementary information (secondary data) after the fieldwork.
Stage 3—Report writing
After data collection, you are required to prepare a
fieldwork report in not more than 1,500 words. It
should mainly base on primary data but secondary data
can also be used as supplementary information. All
secondary data used should be acknowledged.
The report may include the following parts:










Cover page
Contents page
Introduction (including the objectives, enquiry title(s), site and
methodology used for the fieldwork)
Presentation of the collected data (See an example of presenting data
collected along a transect in Appendix 2)
Analysis of the data
Interpretation of the findings
Conclusions
Evaluation (of the whole enquiry) and suggestions
Appendices (may include some sample record sheets and other materials
that are relevant to the investigation)
Bibliography
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Appendix 1
Sample record sheet (1)—
Characteristics of the buildings and urban environment along the transect
Distance
from the
starting
point of
the
transect
(i.e. Pier
16 Hotel)
(m) 1
0-100
101-200
201-300
301-400
…
1
Average
number of
floors of the
buildings
Appearance
of the
buildings (e.g.
concrete /
glass / metal)
and
environmental
conditions 2
Main type(s)
of land use /
functions
Urban
development
process(es)
being
identified
(with
reasons)
Remarks
With the help of the measurement function in the 3D map of Macau Yellow Pages, you can easily
divide the transect into a number of zones. Besides, you can also conduct a survey on every building
along the road / transect. In this case, you need to prepare a base map with all buildings along the road
for recording purposes (similar to the one in Appendix 3).
2
You may also refer to “Sample Record Sheet (2)” on P.17 for details.
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Sample record sheet (2)—
A chart for assessing level of urban decay and environmental conditions
Name of the Street: _________________________________
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
[Source :
Building Appearance
Much Some Little None
Deterioration of building surface (e.g. paint peeling, stains
5
3
1
0
and cracks on the walls of building)
Broken glass / windows, leaking pipes (e.g. water and
8
4
2
0
sewage pipes)
Iron rust or timber rot
7
3
1
0
Unstable building structure (e.g. displaced tiles)
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6
3
0
Illegal structures are added to the building
3
2
1
0
Main building material (at least more than 50% of the total surface area):
Wood: 10
Brick/stone: 5
Concrete: 1
Environmental Conditions
Much Some Little None
Air pollution and noise pollution
3
2
1
0
Solid waste (e.g. rubbish dump heaps), rats and cockroaches
3
2
1
0
can be found
Overcrowding environment (e.g. narrow streets, dense
3
2
1
0
buildings, lack of open space)
Amount of sunlight penetration
0
1
2
3
green belt, vegetation
0
1
2
3
Modified from the notes (P.2 of ‘Study of Urban Decay and Environmental
Condition’) of Sai Kung Field Studies Centre.
http://cd.emb.gov.hk/lwl/saikung/ENG/index_e.htm]
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Appendix 2
An example of presenting data along a transect
Road A
Land use 1
Land use 2
Land use 3
Land use 4
Land use 5
Road A
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Appendix 3
A base map showing all buildings along the transect in the city centre of Macau (from Ponte 16 to Casino Lisboa) for recording purpose
a) From Ponte 16 to Senado Square
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b) From Senado Square to Casino Lisboa
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Extended Activities
In the city centre of Macau, you may also conduct the following urban
fieldwork investigations:
1. A survey on the land use pattern from Senado Square to Ruins of St.
Paul’s [大三巴牌坊] (or any other routes in the city centre of Macau, e.g.
Rua das Estalagens [草堆街] and Rua de Cinco de Outubro [十月初五
街]).
2. A comparative study of urban development between Hong Kong and
Macau, e.g.
 Urban development processes
 Urban renewal strategies
 sustainable development
 Comparative case study of Hong Kong and Macau city centre