INTRODUCTION TO SPORTS MEDICINE
Mr. Chandrasekar.L
PHT 333 – 2nd SEM – 1435-1436H
LECTURE OUTLINE
2

This lecture deals about introduction of sports medicine in following subcategories;
1. Sports medicine team
2. Sports medicine models
3. Classification of sports injuries
4. Sports medicine assessment sheet & RICE principle
PHT 333 - Introduction to Sports Medicine
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LECTURE OUTCOME
3

At the end of the lecture the student should able to know;

Definition of sports medicine.

Who are all in the sports medicine team.

Different types of models in sports medicine.

Classification of Sports by Extent of Contact, Classification of Sports by Dynamic
and Static Status & Classification of sport injuries.

RICE principle.
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Introduction
4

In a diverse world like ours, it is not surprising to see that there is no
single definition of sports medicine that is accepted by all interested in
the field.

Millions of people throughout the world perform physical exercise and play
sport. These people have specific medical needs. To cater for these people
a branch of medicine known as 'sports medicine' has evolved.
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Definition – 1- In an editorial for the Journal of Sports
Medicine and Physical Fitness published in 1977;
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“as the application of medical knowledge to sport with the aim of
preserving the health of the athlete while improving his or her
performance”.
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Definition – 2 - In 1988, Professor Wildor Hollmann, summarized the
main aspects or sports medicine as follows:
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“medical treatment of injuries and illnesses; medical examination before
starting a sport to detect any damage that could be worsened by the sport;
medical performance investigation to assess the performance capacity of
the heart, circulation, respiration, metabolism and the skeletal musculature;
performance diagnosis specific to the type of sport; medical advice on
lifestyle and nutrition; medical assistance in developing optimal training
methods; and scientifically based
control
training”.
PHT 333
- Introductionof
to Sports
Medicine
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Definition – 3 - According to Brukner and Khan
(1993), clinical sports medicine includes
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
“management of medical problems associated with physical activity and
exercise; the role of exercise in the treatment and rehabilitation of chronic
disease states; performance enhancement through various interventions
such as physiological training, and nutritional alterations; prevention,
diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of sports injuries; special and
specific needs of the pediatric, female and older populations of
physically active people; healthcare needs of the traveling sports team;
and the use and abuse of substances
prohibited in7/1/2016
sports
(doping)”.
PHT 333 - Introduction to Sports Medicine
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Sports medicine includes:
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
Injury prevention,

Diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation;

Performance enhancement through training, nutrition & psychology;

Management of medical problems;
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Sports medicine includes:
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
Exercise prescription in health and in chronic disease states; the specific
needs of exercising in children, females, older people and those with
permanent disabilities;

The medical care of sporting teams and events;

Medical care in situations of altered physiology, such as at altitude or at
depth; and ethical issues, such as the problem of drug abuse in sport.
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Human
Performance
Injury
Management
Exercise Physiology
Practice of Medicine
Biomechanics
Sports Physical Therapy
Sport Psychology
Athletic Training
Sports Nutrition
Sports Massage
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The Sports Medicine Team
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
Sports medicine lends itself to being practiced by a multidisciplinary
team of professionals with specialized skills who provide optimal care for
the athlete.
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The Sports Medicine Team
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
Family physician

Psychologist

Physiotherapist/physical therapist

Sports trainer/athletic trainer

Sports physician

Other professionals such as osteopaths,

Massage therapist

Orthopedic surgeon



chiropractors, exercise physiologists.
biomechanists, nurses, occupational
therapists, orthotists, optometrists
Radiologist
Podiatrist
Dietitian/nutritionist

Coach

Fitness adviser.
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The traditional medical model
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The Sports Medicine model
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Table 12.9 -- Classification of Sports by Extent of Contact
Extent of Contact
Non-Contact
Limited Contact
Contact-Collision
Archery
Baseball
Basketball
Badminton
Bicycling
Boxing
Body building
Cheerleading
Diving
Canoeing/kayaking (flat water) Canoeing/kayaking (white water) Field hockey
Football
Curling
Fencing
Flag
Dancing
Field events
Tackle
Field events
High jump
Ice hockey
Discus
Pole vault
Lacrosse
Javelin
Floor hockey
Martial arts
Shot put
Gymnastics
Rodeo
Golf
Handball
Rugby
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Introduction to Sports Medicine
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Orienteering
Horseback
Ski jumping
Powerlifting
Race walking
Riflery
Rope jumping
Rowing
Running
Sailing
Scuba diving
Strength training
Swimming
Table tennis
Tennis
Track
Weightlifting
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Racquetball
Skating
Ice
In-line
Roller
Skiing
Cross-country
Downhill
Water
Softball
Squash
Ultimate Frisbee
Volleyball
Windsurfing,
surfing
PHT 333 - Introduction
to Sports Medicine
Soccer
Team handball
Water polo
Wrestling
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Table 12.10 -- Classification of Sports by Dynamic and Static Status
Low Dynamic/Low Static
Low Dynamic/High Static
High Dynamic/Low Static
High Dynamic/High Static
Bowling
Archery
Badminton
Boxing
Cricket
Auto racing
Baseball
Cross-country skiing
Curling
Diving
Basketball
Golf
Equestrian events
Field hockey
Cycling
Riflery
Field events (jumping,
throwing)
Gymnastics
Lacrosse
Downhill skiing
Orienteering
Fencing
Karate, judo
Race walking
Football
Motorcycling
Racquetball
Ice hockey
Rodeo
Soccer
Rowing
Sailing
Squash
Rugby
Ski jumping
Swimming
Running (sprints)
Water skiing
Table tennis
Speed skating
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Weightlifting
Tennis
PHT 333 - Introduction to Sports Medicine
Volleyball
Water polo
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Wrestling
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The goals of the pre-participation evaluation are as follows:
1
2
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3
4
5
6
7
8
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To gather baseline data for future reference [2] [3]
To detect manageable medical conditions that may interfere with sports participation [2] [3]
To determine whether there are contraindications to participation [2] [3]
To discover predispositions to injury, including previous athletic injuries from inappropriate
conditioning programs [2] [3]
To assess an athlete's current fitness level to help prevent injuries from inappropriate
conditioning programs [2] [3]
To fulfill legal and insurance requirements [2] [3]
To provide an opportunity for health education[3]
To establish a doctor–patient relationship with the athlete, identifying the physician and
training staff as part of the athletic team
To provide an opportunity for training programs to educate residents, student therapists, and
333 - Introduction to Sports Medicine
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medical students about aspects of thePHT
physical
examination in healthy
individuals.
History
Injury
history
Have you had a medical illness or injury since your last check-up or sports physical?
Do you have an ongoing or chronic illness?
Have you ever been hospitalized overnight?
Have you ever had surgery?
Do you use any special protective or corrective equipment or devices that are not usually used for your sport or position
(e.g. knee brace, special neck roll, foot orthotics, retainer on your teeth, hearing aid)?
Are you currently taking any prescription or non-prescription (over-the-counter) medications or pills or using an inhaler?
Performanc
e-enhancing
supplements Have you ever taken any supplements or vitamins
Pulmonary, Do you cough, wheeze, or have trouble breathing
allergies
Do you have asthma?
and asthma
Cardiac
and
pulmonary
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Integument
to help you gain or lose weight or improve your performance?
during or after activity?
Do you have seasonal allergies that require medical treatment?
Do you have any allergies (e.g. to pollen, medicine, food or stinging insects)?
Have you ever had a rash or hives develop during or after exercise?
Have you ever passed out during or after exercise?
Have you ever been dizzy during or after exercise?
Have you ever had chest pain during or after exercise?
Do you get tired more quickly than your peers do during exercise?
Have you ever had racing of your heart or skipped heartbeats?
Have you had high blood pressure or high cholesterol?
Have you ever been told you have a heart murmur?
Has a family member or relative died of heart problems or of sudden death before the age of 50?
Have you had a severe viral infection (e.g. myocarditis or mononucleosis) within the last month?
PHTparticipation
333 - Introduction
Sportsfor
Medicine
7/1/2016
5:39 AM
Has a physician ever denied or restricted your
in to
sports
any heart
problems?
Do you have any current skin problems (e.g. itching, rashes, acne, warts, fungus, or blisters)?
Neurologic Have you ever had a head injury or concussion?
Have you ever been knocked out, become unconscious, or lost your memory?
Have you ever had a seizure?
Do you have frequent or severe headaches?
Have you ever had numbness or tingling in your arms, hands, legs, or feet?
Have you ever had a stinger, burner, or pinched nerve?
Metabolic Have you ever become ill from exercising in the heat?
Eyes
Have you had any problems with your eyes or vision?
Do you wear glasses, contacts, or protective eyewear?
Musculoskel Have you ever had a sprain, strain, or swelling after injury?
etal
Have you broken or fractured any bones or dislocated any joints?
Have you had any problems with pain or swelling in muscles, tendons, bones, or joints?
Eating
Do you want to weigh more or less than you do now?[a]
disorders Do you lose weight regularly to meet weight requirements for your sport?
Psychologic Do you feel stressed out?
Public health Record the dates of your most recent immunizations (shots) for tetanus, hepatitis B, measles, chickenpox
Gynecologic When was your first menstrual period?
(females
When was your most recent menstrual period?
[a]
only)
How much time do you usually have from the start of one period to the start of another?
How many periods have you had in the past year?
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What was the longest time between periods in the last year?
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