COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY
GENERAL PATHOLOGY
[213 PATH]
DEPARTMENT OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES
STUDENT HANDBOOK
1
Message from the Dean
Assalamualaikumwarahamatullahiwabarakatahu
It is my pleasure to welcome you to the College of Dentistry - Zulfi at Majmaah University,
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. College of Dentistry aims to improve the dental health of the
people in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia through providing the students with excellent clinical
training, supporting research and learning environment. Towards this goal the Department of
BasicMedical Science has prepared a course handbook in General Pathologyfor the benefit of
the students.
I have read this handbook and would like to assure you that the team has done an
excellent job in addressing all the questions a student will have at the start of the course. This
handbook also contains all the schedule of lectures and practical classes. I would like to
congratulate the team for coming up with this handbook.
I am happyto be the Dean of the College of Dentistry and I am sure that the assurance
from the dedication of our energetic and benevolent faculty and staff prompts you to be
skilled and knowledgeable in attaining high standard of education.
Best wishes
Dr. AbdurRahman Al Atram
2
Message from the members of the committee
Dear Students,
We are very happy to be faculty members of this College and teaching the General
Pathology course, We would like to introduce for you this handbook for General
Pathology course that guides you throughout the semester and finding the useful
information that you need about the; course name, detailed course contents,
detailed objectives for each class, the proper and modern methods and ways used
for teaching in dental colleges, text books needed, and evaluation systems.
We hope that you find it useful and helpful for you, we will be happy to listen to
your questions, problems, and your suggestions about this handbook on General
Pathology course.
Best wishes & Good luck
3
APPROVAL FOR THE COURSE
This course has been reviewed, revised and approved by:


College Curriculum Committee
College Council
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No
1
Message from the Dean
2
2
Message from the members of the committee
3
3
Approval of the course
4
4
General course information
6
5
Course description
7
6
General course objectives
8
7
Course contents
9
8
Detailed objectives of contents
13
9
10
11
12
13
Student expected study hours and student support
Teaching and learning resources
Facilities required
Students Assessment
Course Evaluation & Improvement process
17
18
19
20
21
5
GENERAL COURSE INFORMATION
Course Title
Course Code
Course
components&Credit
hours
General Pathology
213 PATH
Theory
First semester
1
Practical
0
Total
1
Prerequisites
1
1
2
Second semester
General Anatomy, histology and embryology (ANA 113)Human physiology
Co-requisites
OralPathology (233 MDS)
Year / Level
2ndyearcontinous course in 1st and 2ndsemester
6
COURSE DESCRIPTION
The course provides a basis for the clinical practice in which the students will be engaged during
the coming years and after graduation. The students will gain sufficient knowledge to help them
distinguish between tissues in health and disease, identify the underlying mechanisms of the
diseases and orofacial manifestations of systemic diseases. The causes of the various diseases
and the microscopic appearance of the developed lesions are emphasized. The underlying basic
pathological principles are also stressed, in addition to the clinical appearance of the lesions,
which is also studied to provide introductory basis for clinical differential diagnosis.
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GENERAL COURSE OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this course is for the students to understand and know how to
apply the following principles for each specific disease to be studied:
 The Etiology (cause)
 The Pathogenesis (how lesions are developed).

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
The clinical characteristics such as:
Age
Sex
Site
Color
Texture
Prevalence
 How to make differential diagnosis and the diagnostic aids used in
diagnosis.
 The clinical, microscopical and the radiographic appearance of lesions and
their differentiation from the normal tissue.
 The principles of treatment and prognosis
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COURSE CONTENTS:
A - Lectures: 1st semester (14 lectures)
Course Content
Lecture
no.
List of Topics
Detailed contents
Contact
hours
Week
1st Semester
1
2
3
4
General
pathology
Introduction
Overview of general pathology,
marks distribution,
Outline of the topics to be covered in this
course
Introduction,
Types of Cell injury,
Etiology, Types of necrosis
1
Apoptosis, Gangrene
Pathologic calcifications,
Cellular adaptations
1
Inflammation
-1
Introduction,
Signs& types
1
Inflammation
-2
Acute inflammation
Vascular events
Cellular events
1
Introduction,
Types Chronic inflammation
Types of Giant cells
1
Cell injury
and
Adaptation-1
cell injury
and
adaptation-2
5
6
Chronic
inflammation
9
10
1
Week 2
Week 3
Week 4
Week 5
Week 6
Mid Term Exam
7
8
Week 1
Neoplasia-1
Neoplasia-2
Nutritional
disorders
Week 7
Definition
Characteristics of Tumors
Differences between BENIGN And
malignant
Characteristics of Tumours
Grading & Staging of Cancer
Carcinogenesis
1
Introduction
Pathogenesisof deficiency diseases
Vitamins
1
Week 8
1
Week 9
Week 10
9
11
12
13
14
Tissue repair and
healing
Introduction
Regeneration & repair
Wound healing
1
Week 11
1
Fluid and
hemodynamic
derangements II
Introduction
The common derangements of body
fluids
Odema
Dehydration
Haemorrhage
Shock, Infarction
Hemodynamic disturbances of
obstructive nature
1
Intracellular
accumulation
Introduction
Glycogen accumulation
Fate accumulation
Protein accumulation
Fluid and
hemodynamic
derangements I
15
Revision
Week 12
1
Week 13
Week 14
1
2nd Semester
1
2
Genetic
&pediatric
diseases -1
Introduction, Types
Developmental defects
Cytogenetic defects
Chromosomal abnormalities
1
Genetic
&pediatric
diseases – 2
Single gene defects
Multifactorial inheritance disorders
Other pediatric diseases
1
Introduction
General characteristics of infectious
agents
Important bacterial, viral & fungal
diseases
Introduction
Types of Immunity
Diseases of Immunity
1
Introduction
Bone Tumors
Osteopetrosis
Osteoporosis
1
3
Infection
4
Diseases of
immune system
Diseases of Bone
5
Week 1
Week 2
Week 3
1
Week 4
Week 5
10
6
Hematopoietic
and lymphoid
disorders 1
7
Hematopoietic
and lymphoid
disorders 2
8
9
10
Week 6
1
Diseases of WBC
Diseases of platelets and clotting factors
Skin
Nervous system
11
12
Gastrointestinal
tract
13
Liver and biliary
tract
Environmental
disorders
Week 7
Week 8
Midterm Exam
Lung
14
1
Introduction
Diseases of RBC
Anemia
polycythemia
Introduction
Ectodermal dysplasia
Lichen planus,
Erythema multiforme,
Pemphigus,pemphigoid
Systemic sclerosis
Introduction
Headaches (Migraine)
Alzheimer’s Disease,
Cerebrovascular accident – stroke
Meningitis
Poliomyelitis,Neuralgias,Tumors
Anatomy , Types of lung
diseases,Airway diseases
Lung tissue diseases,Pulmonary
circulation
diseases
Introduction,
GERD,
Ulcers& syndromes of GIT
1
Week 9
1
Week 10
1
Week 11
1
Week 12
Introduction
cirrhosis of liver
jaundice
1
Introduction
1
Week 13
Physical injuries
Week 14
Chemical injuries
15
Revision
1
Week 15
11
C – Practical (13)
2ndSemesteer
Week 1
Week 2
Week 10
Genetic and pediatric diseases -1
Genetic and pediatric diseases - 2
Infection
Diseases of immune system
Diseases of Bone
Hematopoietic and lymphoid disorders 1
Hematopoietic and lymphoid disorders 2
Midterm Exam
Skin
Nervous system
Week 11
Lung
Week 12
Gastrointestinal tract
Week 13
Liver and biliary tract
Revision
Week 3
Week 4
Week 5
Week 6
Week 7
Week 8
Week 9
Week 14
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DETAILED OBJECTIVES OF THE CONTENTS:
LECTURES
Semester 1
Lecture 1: General pathology Introduction
At the end of the lecture student should be able to –
 To enumerate the topics to be covered in the course
 To understand and explain the importance of the course and marks distribution
 To enlist the books used as learning resources in the course
Lecture 2-3: Cell injury and Adaptation
At the end of the lecture student should be able to –
 To enumerate thetypes of Cell injury, its causes Types of necrosis
 T enumerate the steps in formation of primitive streak
 To understand and explain the apoptosis, gangrene, pathologic calcifications, and necrosis
Lecture 4-5: Inflammation
At the end of the lecture student should be able to –
 To know Definition, Signs & types
 To understand and explain the Vascular events Cellular events
 To know the Acute inflammation
Lecture 6: Chronic inflammation
At the end of the lecture student should be able to –
 Toknow Definition, difference between acute and chronic inflammation,& its feathers
 To know Types of Giant cells
 To enumerateand explain types of Chronic granulomatous inflammation
Lecture 8-9: Neoplasia
At the end of the lecture student should be able to –
 To know the definition of neoplasia and its importance
 To understand and enumeratethe important characteristics of tumors
 To understand and enumeratethe important differences of benign and malignant tumors
13
Lecture 10: Nutritional disorders
At the end of the lecture student should be able to –
 To know and explain the importance of nutritional disorders
 To enumeratethe various nutritional disorders
 To know & explain the pathogenesis and clinical features of important nutritional disorders
Lecture 11: Tissue repair and healing
At the end of the lecture student should be able to –
 Toknow& explain the wound healing
 To differentiate between regeneration and repair
 To know and explain steps in primary and secondary healing
 Explain in detail bone healing
Lecture 12-13: Fluid and hemodynamic derangements
At the end of the lecture student should be able to –
 To know and explain normal fluid and electrolyte contain of body.
 To enumerate and explainThe common derangements of body fluids.
 To know and describe in detail the Hemodyanamic Derangements.
Lecture 14: Intracellular accumulation
At the end of the lecture student should be able –
 To enlist common intracellular accumulations
 To enumerate and describe important glycogen accumulation disorders
 To enumerate and describe important protein accumulation disorders
 To enumerate and describe important fat accumulation disorders
Semester 2
Lecture 1-2: Genetic &pediatric diseases
At the end of the lecture student should be able –
 To know the types of genetic disease
 To know the difference between these types
 To have a basic working knowledge of genes chromosomes and inheritance
 To know the common types of pediatric diseases
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Lecture 3: Infection
At the end of the lecture student should be able To know, identify and explain important types of infection
 To enumerate and explain general characteristic of infectious agents
 To know and explain the factors affecting the spread of infection
Lecture 4: Diseases of immune system
At the end of the lecture student should be able To know and explain the definition and types of immunity
 To enumerate in detail the Structure of Immune system.
 To identify and explain in detail important Diseases of Immunity
Lecture 5: Diseases of Bone
At the end of the lecture student should be able To know and explain important syndromes affecting the bone.
 To identify and explain in details important tumors of bone
 To know in detail osteoporosis and Osteopetrosis
Lecture 6-7: Hematopoietic and lymphoid disorders
At the end of the lecture student should be able To know and explain the composition of blood
 To understand and explain in detail the important diseases of RBC
 To understand and explain in detail the important diseases of WBC
 To understand and explain in detail the important diseases of platelets
Lecture 8:Skin
At the end of the lecture student should be able To enumerate important disorders of skin with oral manifestations
 To enumerate the clinical features of ectodermal dysplasia and psoriasis
 To know and differentiate between pemphigus and pemphigoid
15
Lecture 9: Nervous system
At the end of the lecture student should be able To enumerate the Divisions of the nervous system and cranial nerves.
 To enumerate the important disorders of nervous system
 To know and enumerate different types of headache (migraine)
 To describe in detail the trigeminal neuralgia and Sphenopalatine Neuralgia
Lecture 10 :Lung
At the end of the lecture student should be able



To know the anatomy of lung
To enumerate some important diseases affecting the lungs
To understand and explain in detail asthma
To know and enumerate etiology sing and symptoms of copd
Lecture 11: Gastrointestinal tract
At the end of the lecture student should be able



To enumerate diseases ofthe upper digestive tract
To enumerate diseases of the lower digestive tract
To enumerate gastrointestinal syndromes
To know the important oral manifestations on important GIT diseases
Lecture 12: Liver and biliary tract
At the end of the lecture student should be able To enumerate important diseases of liver and biliary tract
 To know the types of jaundice and its importance
 To etiology and clinical implications of cirrhosis of liver
Lecture 13:Environmental disorders



.To enumerate physical and chemical injuries
To know in details about adverse effect of therapeutic drugs
To know in detail the radiation injuries and its oral manufestations
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Student additional private study hours per week & student support:
In Additional to the credit hours in the college hours the student is expected to put in 5hours of private
study/learning hours per week. (This is an average for the semester not a specific requirement in each
week).
The students are encouraged to interact with the tutors of the course for any additional help required
during the course. The staff members are instructed to inform the students regarding the office hours
when they can approach the faculty for their help
After each class the faculty member allocates a few minutes to clear the doubts of the students if
needed
The power point presentation of each class is uploaded on the faculty members website from where
the students can easily retrieve it and come prepared for the lecture.
Group of three students are allotted to one faculty member, who is their mentor, the students can even
approach their respective mentors if they have any additional problems with the subject.
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Teaching and learning resources:
Students will be shown power point presentations, quiz, and essay competition. During the practicals
students will be shown microscopic slides, models and casts to give them in depth knowledge and
understanding of the subject.
Use of more teaching aids during classes with special emphasis on the applied aspects of the structures,
impromptu questions asked during the class would also aid in developing cognitive skills. In addition we
would design quizzes and assignments in such a way that the students would have to correlate the various
topics and information given to them.
The students will be asked oral questions, debates, group discussions group tasks will be designed so that
the students learn to interact with their batchmates. In addition project work will be assigned to small
groups so that they learn to take up the responsibility and complete it.
Text books
Required textbooks
Reference textbook
Journal
Essential pathology for dental students- Harsh Mohan; Jaypee books –
4th edition
Robbins Basic pathology- Kumar, Abbas, Fausto, Mitchell; Elsevier
Journal of pathology
www.pubmed.com
Electronic Materials,
Web Sites etc
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Facilities Required:
Theory:
1. A class room with a seating capacity of 30 students, equipped with a projector and smart board.
Practical:
1.
A well equippedlaboratory with microscopes for conduction of practicals. Microscope with
an attached camera for projection and discussion of microscopic slides.
2. Microscopic slides
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Student Assessment:
Evaluation & assessment of students:
By Oral and Written examination, periodic assessment through assignments, evaluation of the projects
and group tasks.
Assessment of student communication skills will be through the seminars and term papers.
The oral skills will be tested in the oral exams.
1st Semester
Assessment tools
In course assessments
60%
Final Written Exam
40%
Total
100%
Midterm exam
Behavior
Research
Presentation
Quiz
Written
General
Activity
Oral
Written
40%
5%
5%
5%
5%
2nd Semester
Assessment tools
In course assessments
60%
Final Written Exam
25%
Final Exam Practical
15%
Total
100%
Midterm exam
Midterm exam
practical
Behavior
Research
Presentation
Quiz
Weekly
assesment
Written
Identification of slides
and models
General
20%
15%
Oral
Written
5%
5%
3%
2%
Written and activity
10%
Activity
Written
Identification of slides
and models
50% - Theory
50% - Practical
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SEMINARS
A. Guidelines for seminar sessions:
1. One seminar per student is scheduled during the semester.
2. Duration of each seminar will be of 5 minutes.
3. The students will be given the topics for seminar atleast two weeks in advance. The topics
will be selected randomly by the students by a picking a slip (lottery method).
4. The student is expected to prepare a powerpoint presentation for the seminar. They can
take the help of a staff member in preparing themselves for the presentation.
5. After each sessiongroup discussion will be allowed.
6. The tutor (faculty member incharge) will give his comments and feed back about the
presentation.
7. All the students are expected to be present during the seminars and also prepare
themselves by reading about the topic of presentation so as to have an active and
productive group discussion.
Course Evaluation and Improvement Process:
The students will be given a feedback form, which can be submitted to the course director or to the
dean which will help in improvement of the subject teaching.
The head of the department or the Dean has informal meetings with groups of students to discuss the
contents of the course, method of teaching to evaluate the course and the instructor.
Meetings will be conducted every week in the department to update the status of each student and the
difficulties felt by the colleague will be resolved accordingly. The dean randomly attends lectures to
assess the instructor. The power point presentation of each lecture is distributed to all the staff
members of the department for evaluation and suggestions for improvement.
Teachers will be subjected to go for upgradation of knowledge by attending the relevant conferences
and will be encouraged to carry on a self improvement.
Other staff members are invited to attend the seminar presentation of students to verify the standards
of student learning and their work.
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