Innovative medical education
Sawsan Mustafa Abdalla
Assisstant Professor
preventive and community
medicine
Innovative medical education
Features
• Community- Oriented Medical Education
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(COME)
Problem- based learning (PBL)
Semester- based
Integration of basic and clinical medicine
Active learning
Continuous evaluation
Problem-based learning
PBL
• Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is a
curriculum
development
and
delivery system that recognizes the
need to develop problem solving skills
as well as the necessity of helping
students
to
acquire
necessary
knowledge and skills.
• The first application of PBL, and
perhaps the most strict and pure
form of PBL, was in medical schools
which rigorously test the knowledge
base of graduates.
• Overview and Characteristics:
• Problem based learning has several distinct
characteristics which may be identified and utilized
in designing such curriculum. These are:
1.Use of real world problems - problems are
relevant and contextual. It is in the process of
struggling with actual problems that students
learn content and critical thinking skills.
2. Reliance on problems to drive the
curriculum - the problems do not test
skills; they assist in development of
the skills themselves.
3. The problems are truly ill-structured
- there is not meant to be one
solution, and as new information is
gathered in a reiterative process,
perception of the problem, and thus
the solution, changes.
4.PBL is learner-centered - learners
are
progressively
given
more
responsibility for their education and
become increasingly independent of
the teacher for their education.
4.PBL produces independent, life-long
learners - students continue to learn
on their own in life and in their
careers.
Learning Goals Of PBL
Self directed learning :
- a/ competence in essential skills of
literacy.
- b/ information location & retrieval, goal
setting, time management, question
asking behavior, critical thinking,
comprehensive monitoring and selfevaluation.
- Content knowledge. Relevance between
knowledge & its use.
- Problem solving. Social negotiation with
group members facilitates learning &
understanding of the content.
COMPONENTS
1- Student copy
2- Tutor copy
1- Student copy
- a - Scenario:- A common problem
- Close- related to real life situation
- Should include red herrings (noise)
- Should include some clues (helping
phrases to direct the student towards the
solutions)
- b - Tasks/ questions:
- Directive
- Non-directive
2- Teachers copy
-
- Scenario
- Tasks/ questions
- List of the problems
- Learning objectives
- Resources
- References list
PBL 7 Jumps
-
Identify difficult words
Determine learning objectives
List of possible reasons
Identification of resources
Data collection
Use data and information to solve the
peoblem
THE MINIMAL ESSENTIALS FOR PROBLEMBASED LEARNING IN MEDICAL EDUCATION
• Students must have the responsibility for
their own learning
• The problem simulations used in problembased learning must be ill-structured and
allow for free inquiry
• Learning should be integrated.
• Collaboration is essential
• What students learn during their selfdirected learning must be applied
back to the problem with reanalysis
and resolution.
Cont…
• Self and peer assessment should be
carried out .
• Continual opportunities must be
provided for clinical skills to be
learned
• The sequence of activities carried out
in problem-based learning, and must
accurately reflect medical practice
Cont..
• Student examinations must measure
student progress towards the goals
of problem-based learning
Community- Oriented Medical
Education (COME)
The type of medical education that takes
into consideration the priority health
problems of the community and plan to
graduate Community- Oriented doctors who
can be able to:
Cont..
1-Identify and concentrate on the priority
health problems of the community and try
hardly to solve them
Cont..
2- Prevent diseases
3- Diagnose and treat diseases
4- Act as a manager
5- Lead the team and interact with the
team members
6- Conduct research
Methods of PBL
1. Lecture based cases : cases are
used to demonstrate the relevance
of the information in lectures.
2. Case-based lectures : cases are
presented before lectures to
highlight material to be covered.
3- Case method : students are given a
complete case for study & research
in preparation for subsequent class
discussion.
4- Problem based : a full problem
simulation that allows for free
inquiry. Students establish the
database relative to their
hypotheses.
Evaluation of PBL
1. PBL students are more likely to
study for meaning and
understanding.
2. Clinical knowledge is better in PBL
students.