INTRODUCTION TO DOCTORAL RESEARCH AND THEORY I INF 391D.8 Unique Number 25995 Dr. Philip Doty School of Information University of Texas at Austin Fall 2005 Class time: Friday, 1:00 – 4:00 PM Place: SZB 556 Office: SZB 570 Office hrs: Monday 10:00 AM – 12:00 N By appointment other times Telephone: 512.471.3746 – direct line 512.471.2742 – iSchool receptionist 512.471.3821 – main iSchool office Internet: pdoty@ischool.utexas.edu http://www.ischool.utexas.edu/~pdoty/index.htm Class URL: http://www.ischool.utexas.edu/~inf391pd/fa2005 TA: Lance Hayden lhayden@ischool.utexas.edu Office hours to be announced Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction to the course 3 Expectations of PhD students’ performance 5 Standards for written work 6 Editing conventions 10 Grading 11 Texts and other tools 12 List of assignments 14 Outline of course 15 Schedule 17 Assignments 22 References Readings from the class schedule and assignments 25 Selected ARIST chapters 1966-2005 33 Sources on doing research 37 Research and research methods in Information Studies Research methods Nature of science and systematic inquiry Important serial sources 43 Additional sources 48 Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 2 Important professional associations and organizations Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 64 3 INTRODUCTION TO THE COURSE “We live in a period of profound skepticism. We have exposed all of the ‘good lies’ but still crave their solace.” Sue Curry Jansen, Censorship: The Knot that Binds Power and Knowledge (1991, p. 190) INF 391D.8, Introduction to Doctoral Research and Theory I, is the first in a two-course sequence of seminars required of doctoral students in the School of Information. The overarching goal of the two courses is to enable students to understand the processes of systematic inquiry in the discipline of Information Studies and to understand how they can be part of those efforts. Because the field is both trans- and interdisciplinary, the literatures we read, the concepts we engage, the modes of knowing and argumentation we mobilize, and the criteria we use for judging knowledge claims will reflect a number of positions, traditions, and disciplines. More specifically, INF 391D.8 has the following aims: To ensure that students have an adequate understanding of the process of research and some of the important ways it has been pursued in the western tradition; review of the foundations of doing science are of special interest as are its critiques To give students an introduction to the making of theory in the field and cognate disciplines To consider important questions in epistemology, identity, and community that are of special interest to doing research and making theory in our field – questions related to how we know, how we determine what we know, and how we know in concert with others infuse the course To expose students to important research methods and traditions in the field and beyond, especially to investigate positivist and more constructivist methods of research. These may include the empirical social scientific, historical, philosophical, literary, theoretical, ethnographic, quantitative/statistical, qualitative, policy analytic, rhetorical, systems analytic, and so on To consider how concerns with theory and method have taken shape in the field of Information Studies To consider, among others, three of the major schools of thought, both historically and currently, that characterize systematic inquiry in our field: the useful if limited simile of information as thing, the cognitivist approach to information retrieval and learning, and the performative perspective emphasizing practice, materiality, community, and the social construction of knowledge To identify a wide variety of the important research fronts in our discipline and cognate disciplines, e.g., the organization of information, intellectual history, information behavior, management of information organizations, information systems design and evaluation, and so on. The particular character of these research fronts will vary according to the interests of the students and the instructor. The course comprises five short units that will overlap to some extent: 1. 2. Unit 1: “Defining” Information Studies (classes 1-2) Unit 2: Thinking about systematic inquiry (classes 3-7) Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 4 3. 4. 5. Unit 3: Theoretical and methodological overviews of Information Studies (classes 8-9) Unit 4: Examining specific theories and methods of inquiry in Information Studies (classes 10-12) Unit 5: Presentations of students’ research (classes 13-14). Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 5 There are two major reasons that much of DRT I is dedicated to understanding systematic inquiry, especially science, from a number of perspectives: As a discipline and field of inquiry, Information Studies itself springs from the social and behavioral sciences, humanities, and computational sciences, as well as the natural and physical sciences to a lesser degree. The more we understand the creation, sharing, and use of knowledge and the practice of inquiry, the better we understand our own discipline and how to do good research. In part, our discipline springs from the marriage of library service and information science and their concerns with scholarly communication and the distribution of scientific and technical information. The more we understand the processes of systematic inquiry and the roles of communication in it, the better able we are to design, implement, evaluate, and redesign information systems to serve all kinds of people in all sorts of situations. Thus, nine of the 14 classes in this iteration of DRT I focus on our field (classes 1-2, 8-9, 10-12, and 13-14), while the other five focus on the bases of systematic inquiry and the practice of knowledge production (classes 3-7). The boundary between a disciplinary-specific focus and a wider look at systematic inquiry, of course, is quite permeable. Throughout the semester, we will also try to remain acutely aware of our “cognitive insecurity and our vulnerability to good lies” (Jansen, 1991, p. 191), learning to exercise engaged skepticism, not dismissive cynicism, about the various points of view and disagreements we will examine. It is vitally important to remember that reasonable people can disagree, that the classroom is a place where such disagreement is welcome, and that disagreement is one of our major resources for learning. One of the implicit themes in the course will be the role of research in the university, the history of the research university in America, the status of the university in American life, what graduate (especially doctoral) education concerns, and related themes. While readings about these topics will not be required, they will be useful supplements to the class readings and useful over the course of students’ academic programs and professional careers. See, e.g., Ehrlich (1995), Graham & Diamond (1997a, b, and c), Kennedy (1997a, b, c, and d), and Shils (1997a and b). Another way to conceive of the course is to see it as a way to integrate students more fully into the field, to help them become more active readers and writers, to help them develop a more fully realized research persona, and to enhance their understanding, use, and (eventual) development of theory in the field. The course encourages students to consider explicitly what our field recognizes as convincing evidence, strong modes of argumentation, and appropriate and productive rhetorics. At the same time, students must also begin to develop their own goals, methods, and standards for their scholarly work and that of others. Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 6 EXPECTATIONS OF PHD STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE PhD students are especially expected to be involved, creative, and vigorous participants in class discussions and in the overall conduct of the class. In addition, students are expected to: • Attend all class sessions; if a student misses a class, it is her responsibility to arrange with another student to obtain all notes, handouts, and assignment sheets • Read all material prior to class; students are expected to use the course readings to inform their classroom participation and their writing assignments. Students must learn to integrate what they read with what they say and write. This last imperative is essential to the development of professional expertise and to the development of a collegial persona in doctoral education. • Educate themselves and their peers. Your successful completion of this program and your participation in the information professions depend upon your willingness to demonstrate initiative and creativity. Your participation in the professional and personal growth of your colleagues is essential to your success as well as theirs. Such collegiality is at the heart of professional life, especially among scholars, so some assignments are designed to encourage collaboration. Spend at least 5-6 hours in preparation for each hour in the classroom of a PhD seminar; therefore, a 3-credit hour course requires a minimum of 15 hours per week of work outside the classroom • Participate in all class discussions • Hand in all assignments fully and on time -- late assignments will not be accepted except in the particular circumstances noted below. Failure to complete any assignment on time will result in failure for the course. • Be responsible with collective property, especially books and other material on reserve • Ask for any explanation and help from the instructor or the Teaching Assistant, either in class, during office hours, on the telephone, through email, or in any other appropriate way. Email is especially appropriate for information questions but please recall that I do not have access to email at home and that I try to stay home one day a week. It may be several days after you send email before I see it. Unless there are compelling privacy concerns, it is always wise to send a copy of any email intended for the instructor to the TA as well; he has access to email more regularly. Academic dishonesty, such as plagiarism, cheating, or academic fraud, will not be tolerated and will incur severe penalties, including failure for the course. If there is concern about behavior that may be academically dishonest, consult the instructor. Students should refer to the UT General Information Bulletin, Appendix C, Sections 11-304 and 11-802 and Texas is the Best . . . HONESTLY! (1988) by the Cabinet of College Councils and the Office of the Dean of Students. Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 7 The instructor is happy to provide all appropriate accommodations for qualified students with documented disabilities. The University’s Office of the Dean of Students at 471.6259, 471.4641 TTY, can provide further information and referrals as necessary. Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 8 STANDARDS FOR WRITTEN WORK Review these standards before and after writing; they are used to evaluate your work. While a few are idiosyncratic ;~), most are key to being part of the community of scholars. You will be expected to meet professional standards of maturity, clarity, grammar, spelling, and organization in your written work for this class, and, to that end, I offer the following remarks. Every writer is faced with the problem of not knowing what his or her audience knows about the topic at hand; therefore, effective communication depends upon maximizing clarity. As Wolcott reminds us in Writing Up Qualitative Research (1990, p. 47): "Address . . . the many who do not know, not the few who do." It is also important to remember that clarity of ideas, clarity of language, and clarity of syntax are mutually reinforcing. Good writing makes for good thinking and vice versa. Remember that writing is a form of inquiry, a way to think, not a reflection of some supposed static thought “in” the mind. All written work for the class must be done on a word-processor and double-spaced, with 1" margins all the way around and in either 10 or 12 pt. font. Certain writing assignments will demand the use of notes (either footnotes or endnotes) and references. It is particularly important in professional schools such as the School of Information that notes and references are impeccably done. Please use APA (American Psychological Association) standards. There are other standard bibliographic and note formats, for example, in engineering and law, but social scientists and a growing number of humanists use APA. Familiarity with standard formats is essential for understanding others' work and for preparing submissions to journals, funding agencies, professional conferences, and the like. You may also consult the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (2001, 5th ed.) and http://webster.commnet.edu/apa/apa_index.htm (a useful if non-canonical source). Do not use a general dictionary or encyclopedia for defining terms in graduate school or in professional writing. If you want to use a reference source to define a term, a better choice would be a specialized dictionary such as The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Philosophy or subject-specific encyclopedia, e.g., the International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences. The best alternative, however, is having an understanding of the literature related to the term sufficient to provide a definition in the context of that literature. This understanding is vital to the development of your identity as an independent scholar. Use the spell checker in your word processing package to review your documents, but be aware that spell checking dictionaries: do not include most proper nouns, including personal and place names; omit most technical terms; include very few foreign words and phrases; and cannot identify the error in using homophones, e.g., writing "there" instead of "their," or in writing "the" instead of "them." It is imperative that you proofread your work thoroughly and be precise in editing it. It is often helpful to have someone else read your writing, to eliminate errors and to increase clarity. Finally, each assignment should be handed in with a title page containing your full name, the date, the title of the assignment, and the class number (INF 391D.8). If you have any questions about these standards, I will be pleased to discuss them with you at any time. Remember, every assignment must include a title page with Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 9 • • • • The title of the assignment Your name The date The class number – INF 391D.8. CONTINUED Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 10 STANDARDS FOR WRITTEN WORK (CONTINUED) Since the production of professional-level written work is one of the aims of the class, I will read and edit your work as the editor of a professional journal or the moderator of a technical session at a professional conference would. The reminders below will help you prepare professionallevel written work appropriate to any situation. Note the asterisked errors in #'s 3, 4, 8, 10, 11, 14, 15, 18, 20, and 25 (some have more than one error): 1. Staple all papers for this class in the upper left-hand corner. Do not use covers, binders, or other means of keeping the pages together. 2. Number all pages after the title page. Ordinarily, notes and references do NOT count against page limits. 3. Use formal, academic prose. Avoid colloquial language, *you know?* It is essential in graduate work and in professional communication to avoid failures in diction -- be serious and academic when called for, be informal and relaxed when called for, and be everything in between as necessary. For this course, avoid words and phrases such as "agenda," "problem with," "deal with," "handle," "window of," "goes into," "broken down into," "viable," and "option." 4. Avoid clichés. They are vague, *fail to "push the envelope," and do not provide "relevant input."* 5. Avoid computer technospeak like "input," "feedback," or "processing information" except when using such terms in specific technical ways; similarly avoid using “content” as a noun. 6. Do not use the term "relevant" except in its information retrieval sense. Ordinarily, it is a colloquial cliché, but it also has a strict technical meaning in information studies. 7. Do not use "quality" as an adjective; it is vague, cliché, and colloquial. Instead use "highquality," "excellent," "superior," or whatever more formal phrase you deem appropriate. 8. Study the APA style convention for the proper use of ellipsis*. . . .* 9. Avoid using the terms "objective" and "subjective" in their evidentiary senses; these terms entail major epistemological controversy. Avoid terms such as "facts," "factual," "proven," and related constructions for similar reasons. 10. Avoid contractions. *Don't* use them in formal writing. 11. Be circumspect in using the term "this," especially in the beginning of a sentence. *THIS* is often a problem because the referent is unclear. Pay strict attention to providing clear referents for all pronouns. Especially ensure that pronouns and their referents agree in number; e.g., "each person went to their home" is a poor construction because "each" is a singular form, as is the noun "person," while "their" is a plural form. Therefore, either the referent or the pronoun must change in number. 12. “If" ordinarily takes the subjunctive mood, e.g., "If he were [not "was"] only taller." Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 11 13. Put "only" in its appropriate place, near the word it modifies. For example, it is appropriate in spoken English to say that "he only goes to Antone's" when you mean that "the only place he frequents is Antone's." In written English, however, the sentence should read "he goes only to Antone's." CONTINUED Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 12 STANDARDS FOR WRITTEN WORK (CONTINUED) 14. Do not confuse possessive, plural, or contracted forms, especially of pronouns. *Its* bad. 15. Do not confuse affect/effect, compliment/complement, or principle/principal. Readers will not *complement* your work or *it's* *principle* *affect* on them. 16. Avoid misplaced modifiers; e.g., it is inappropriate to write the following sentence: As someone interested in the history of Mesoamerica, it was important for me to attend the lecture. The sentence is inappropriate because the phrase "As someone interested in the history of Mesoamerica" is meant to modify the next immediate word, which should then, obviously, be both a person and the subject of the sentence. It should modify the word "I" by preceding it immediately. One good alternative for the sentence is: As someone interested in the history of Mesoamerica, I was especially eager to attend the lecture. 17. Avoid use of "valid," "parameter," "bias," "reliability," and "paradigm," except in limited technical ways. These are important research terms and should be used with precision. 18. Remember that the words "data," "media," "criteria," "strata," and "phenomena" are all PLURAL forms. They *TAKES* plural verbs. If you use any of these plural forms in a singular construction, e.g., "the data is," you will make the instructor very unhappy :-(. 19. "Number," "many," and "fewer" are used with plural nouns (a number of horses, many horses, and fewer horses). “Amount," "much," and "less" are used with singular nouns (an amount of hydrogen, much hydrogen, and less hydrogen). Another useful way to make this distinction is to recall that "many" is used for countable nouns, while "much" is used for uncountable nouns. 20. *The passive voice should generally not be used.* 21. "Between" is used with two alternatives, while "among" is used with three or more. 22. Generally avoid the use of honorifics such as Mister, Doctor, Ms., and so on when referring to persons in your writing, especially when citing their written work. Use last names and dates as appropriate in APA. 23. There is no generally accepted standard for citing electronic resources. If you cite them, give an indication, as specifically as possible, of: - responsibility title date of creation date viewed place to find the source (who?) (what?) (when?) (when?) (where? how?). See the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (2001, 5th ed., pp. 213-214, 231, and 268-281) for a discussion of citing electronic material and useful examples. Also see Web Extension to American Psychological Association Style (WEAPAS) at http://www.beadsland.com/weapas/#SCRIBE Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 13 24. "Cite" is a verb, "citation" is a noun; similarly, "quote" is a verb, "quotation" is a noun. 25. *PROFREAD! PROOFREED! PROOOFREAD!* CONTINUED Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 14 STANDARDS FOR WRITTEN WORK (CONTINUED) 26. Use double quotation marks (“abc.”), not single quotation marks (‘xyz.’), as a matter of course. Single quotation marks are to be used to indicate quotations within quotations. 27. Provide a specific page number for all direct quotations. If the quotation is from a Web page or other digital source, provide at least the paragraph number and/or other directional cues, e.g., “(Davis, 1993, section II, ¶ 4).” 28. In ordinary American English, as ≠ because. 29. Use "about" instead of the tortured locution "as to." 30. In much of social science and humanistic study, the term "issue" is used in a technical way to identify sources of public controversy or dissensus. Please use the term to refer to topics about which there is substantial public disagreement, NOT synonymously with general terms such as "area," "topic," or the like. 31. “Impact” is a noun; so is “research.” 32. Please do not start a sentence or any independent clause with “however.” 33. Avoid the use of “etc.” – it is awkward, colloquial, and vague. 34. Do not use the term “subjects” to describe research participants. “Respondents,” “participants,” and “informants” are preferred terms and have been for decades. 35. Do not use notes unless absolutely necessary, but, if you must use them, use endnotes not footnotes. Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 15 SOME EDITING CONVENTIONS FOR STUDENTS’ PAPERS Symbol Meaning # number OR insert a space; context will help you decipher its meaning AWK awkward; and usually compromises clarity as well block make into a block quotation without external quotation marks; do so with quotations ≥ 4 lines caps capitalize COLLOQ colloquial and to be avoided dB database FRAG sentence fragment; often that means that the verb and/or subject of the sentence is missing j journal lc make into lower case lib'ship librarianship org, org’l organization, organizational PL plural Q question Q’naire questionnaire REF? what is the referent of this pronoun? to what or whom does it refer? RQ research question sp spelling SING singular w/ with w.c.? word choice? Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 16 I also use check marks to indicate that the writer has made an especially good point and wavy lines under or next to a term to indicate that the usage is suspect. Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 17 GRADING The grading system for this class includes the following grades: A+ A AB+ B BC+ C CF Extraordinarily high achievement Superior Excellent Good Satisfactory Barely satisfactory Unsatisfactory Unsatisfactory Unsatisfactory Unacceptable and failing. not recognized by the University 4.00 3.67 3.33 3.00 2.67 2.33 2.00 1.67 0.00 See the memorandum from former Dean Brooke Sheldon dated August 13, 1991, and the notice in the School of Information student orientation packets for explanations of this system. Students should consult the iSchool Web site (http://www.ischool.utexas.edu/programs/index.html) and the Graduate School Catalogue (e.g., http://www.utexas.edu/student/registrar/catalogs/grad0305/ch1/ch1a.html#nature and http://www.utexas.edu/student/registrar/catalogs/grad0305/ch1/ch1b.html#student) for more on standards of work. While the University does not accept the grade of A+, the instructor may assign the grade to students whose work is extraordinary. A grade of B signals acceptable, satisfactory performance in graduate school. For PhD students, however, a grade of B signals some difficulties with academic study. In this class, the grade of A is reserved for students who demonstrate not only a command of the concepts and techniques discussed but also an ability to synthesize and integrate them in a professional manner and communicate them effectively, successfully informing the work of other students. The grade of incomplete (X) is reserved for students in extraordinary circumstances and must be negotiated with the instructor before the end of the semester. See the former Dean's memorandum of August 13, 1991, available from the main iSchool office. I use points to evaluate assignments, not letter grades. Points on any assignment are determined using an arithmetic not a proportional algorithm. For example, 14/20 points on an assignment does NOT translate to 70% of the credit, or a D. Instead 14/20 points is very roughly equivalent to a B. If any student's semester point total > 90 (is equal to or greater than 90), then s/he will have earned an A of some kind. If the semester point total > 80, then s/he will have earned at least a B of some kind. Whether these are A+, A, A-, B+, B, or B- depends upon the comparison of point totals for all students. For example, if a student earns a total of 90 points and the highest point total in the class is 98, the student would earn an A-. If, on the other hand, a student earns 90 points and the highest point total in the class is 91, then the student would earn an A. This system will be further explained throughout the semester. Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 18 TEXTS AND OTHER TOOLS There are six required texts for this class. You can purchase Fisher et al. (2005), Godfrey-Smith (2003), Latour (1987), Miller (2004), and Pickering (1995) at the Co-op (476.7211). The reading packet is at University Duplicating Service at the Graduate School of Business, GSB 3.136 (471.8281). As many of the required readings as possible will be on Reserve at PCL, including the reading packet; many of the readings are available online. I also list a number of recommended books – these can be supplemented by the many sources in the various parts of the references at the end of this syllabus. The required texts are: Fisher, Karen E., Erdelez, Sanda, & McKechnie, Lynne (E.F.). (Eds.). (2005). Theories of information behavior. Medford, NJ: Information Today. Godfrey-Smith, Peter. (2003). Theory and reality: An introduction to the philosophy of science. Chicago: University of Chicago. Latour, Bruno. (1987). Science in action: How to follow scientists and engineers through society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University. Miller, Jane E. (2004). The Chicago guide to writing about numbers. Chicago: University of Chicago. Pickering, Andrew. (1995). The mangle of practice: Time, agency, & science. Chicago: University of Chicago. One volume of readings. We will also use most of the papers from special issues of three important journals: Journal of Documentation, 61(1) – a 2005 special issue on library and information science and the philosophy of science edited by Birger Hjørland at the Royal School of Library and Information Science, Copenhagen, Denmark. Library Trends, 50(3) – a 2002 special issue on theory in LIS edited by William E. McGrath, formerly of the School of Information and Library Studies, SUNY-Buffalo. Social Epistemology, 16(1) – a 2002 special issue on social epistemology and information science edited by Don Fallis at the School of Information Resources, University of Arizona. In addition to reviewing the ALISE Doctoral Students Special Interest Group (http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/jesse.html), you may also wish to subscribe to these discussion lists: Doctoral Students in Library and Information Sciences Discussion List http://www.listserv.net/scripts/wl.exe?SL1=DOCDIS&H=BAMA.UA.EDU Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 19 jESSE listserv http://web.utk.edu/~gwhitney/jesse.html Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 20 TEXTS AND OTHER TOOLS (CONTINUED) I recommend these books, some of which you may examine in DRT II: Benton, Ted, & Craib, Ian. (2001). Philosophy of social science: The philosophical foundation of social thought. New York: Palgrave. Biagioli, Mario. (Ed.). (1999). The science studies reader. New York: Routledge. Chalmers, A.F. (1999). What is this thing called science? Indianapolis, IN: Hackett. Cornelius, Ian. (1996b). Meaning and method in information studies. Norwood, NJ: Ablex. Feyerabend, Paul. (1993). Against method (3rd ed.). London: Verso. (Original work published 1975) Fleck, Ludwik. (1979). Genesis and development of a scientific fact. Thaddeus J. Trenn and Robert K. Merton (Eds.). (Fred Bradley & Thaddeus J. Trenn, Trans.). Chicago: University of Chicago. (Original work published 1935) Garvey, William D. (1979). Communication, the essence of science: Facilitating information exchange among scientists, engineers, and students. New York: Pergamon. Hiley, David R., Bohman, James F., & Shusterman, Richard. (1991). The interpretive turn: Philosophy, science, culture. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University. Kaplan, Abraham. (1964). The conduct of inquiry: Methodology for behavioral science. New York: Harper & Row. Klee, Robert. (1999). Scientific inquiry: Readings in the philosophy of science. New York: Oxford University Press. Latour, Bruno, & Woolgar, Steve. (1986). Laboratory life: The construction of scientific facts. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University. Machlup, Fritz, & Mansfield, Una. (Eds.). (1983). The study of information: Interdisciplinary messages. New York: John Wiley & Sons. [see especially the Prologue and Epilogue, as well as the sections on Informatics, Library and Information Sciences, and System Theory] Steinmetz, George. (Ed.). (2005). The politics of method in the human sciences: Positivism and its epistemological others. Durham, NC: Duke University. Students may find the following books on the so-called science wars particularly interesting: Brown, James Robert. (2001). Who rules in science?: An opinionated guide to the wars. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University. Gross, Paul R., & Levitt, Norman. (1994c). Higher superstition: The academic left and its quarrels with science. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University. Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 21 Gross, Paul R., Levitt, Norman, & Lewis, Martin W. (Eds.). (1996). The flight from science and reason. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (Vol. 775). New York: New York Academy of Sciences. Ross, Andrew. (1996). Science wars. Durham, NC: Duke University. Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 22 LIST OF ASSIGNMENTS The instructor will provide additional information about each assignment. Written assignments are to be word-processed and double-spaced in 10- or 12-point font, with 1" margins. Assignments are due in class unless otherwise indicated. Assignment Preparation and participation Date Due --- Percent of Grade 10% Blog reviewing a research journal -all due on WED, 12:00 N (2 pp.) SEP 7, 21 OCT 5, 19 NOV 2, 16 30 In-class discussion of the philosophy of science using a chapter from Godfrey-Smith (2003) SEP 16, 23 5 Topic and abstract (2 pp.) for state of theory and research paper OCT 28 --- Choice of state of theory and research paper to review NOV 11 --- Draft of paper on the state of theory and research (≥ 10 pp.) DEC 2 --- Public presentation on final paper DEC 2, DEC 9 10 Peer review of another student’s draft of final paper (3-4 pp.) DEC 9 15 Final paper on state of theory and research (20-25 pp.) WED, DEC 14, 12:00 N 30 All assignments must be handed in on time, and the instructor reserves the right to issue a course grade of F if any assignment is not completed. Late assignments will not be accepted unless three criteria are met: 1. At least 24 hours before the date due, the instructor gives explicit permission to the student to hand the assignment in late. 2. At the same time, a specific date and time are agreed upon for the late submission. 3. The assignment is then submitted on or before the agreed-upon date and time. The first criterion can be met only in the most serious of health, family, or personal situations. Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 23 All of your assignments should adhere to the standards for written work; should be clear, succinct, and specific; and should be explicitly grounded in the readings, class discussions, and other sources as appropriate. You will find it particularly useful to write multiple drafts of your papers. Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 24 OUTLINE OF COURSE Meeting Date TOPICS AND ASSIGNMENTS Unit 1: “Defining” Information Studies 1 (Sep 7, WED) 2 Sep 2 Introduction to the course Review of the syllabus When we do information studies, what are we doing? • DUE: Journal blog entry (500 words, 2 double-spaced pp.) (5%) Sep 9 Some ways to view the field Unit 2: Thinking about systematic inquiry 3 Sep 16 Introduction to the philosophy of science Student-led discussion (5%) (Sep 21, WED) • DUE: Journal blog entry (500 words, 2 double-spaced pp.) (5%) 4 Sep 23 Philosophy of science – continued Student-led discussion (5%) 5 Sep 30 Making quantitative arguments (Oct 5, WED) • DUE: Journal blog entry (500 words, 2 double-spaced pp.) (5%) 6 Oct 7 Science as a material assemblage Undermining mentalism, defending realism 7 Oct 14 Science as a material assemblage – continued Constructivism and other views of systematic inquiry (Oct 19, WED) • DUE: Journal blog entry (500 words, 2 double-spaced pp.) (5%) Unit 3: Theoretical and methodological overviews of Information Studies Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 25 8 Oct 21 Philosophy of science and Information Studies Thinking about systematic inquiry in the field beyond the philosophy of science Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 26 9 ASIS&T Oct 28 Some overviews of theory and social epistemology in the field • DUE: Topic and abstract – state of research and theory paper (2 pp.) (Nov 2, WED) • DUE: Journal blog entry (500 words, 2 double-spaced pp.) (5%) Unit 4: Examining specific theories and methods of inquiry in Information Studies 10 Nov 4 Research and theory in the work of senior PhD students and faculty members Information behavior and general theory 11 Nov 11 Research and theory in the work of senior PhD students and faculty members -- continued Information behavior and LIS research • DUE: Choice of state of research and theory paper to review (Nov 16, WED) • DUE: Journal blog entry (500 words, 2 double-spaced pp.) (5%) 12 Nov 18 Research and theory in the work of senior PhD students and faculty members -- continued Information behavior: Information seeking and information retrieval Nov 25 No class – Thanksgiving vacation! Unit 5: Presentations of students’ research 13 Dec 2 Students’ presentations (10%) • DUE: Draft of final paper (≥ 10 pp.) 14 Dec 9 Students’ presentations (10%) Course evaluation Course summary • DUE: Review of another student’s draft of final paper (≥ 3-4 pp.) (15%) DEC 14, WED, 12:00 N Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 27 • DUE: State of research and theory paper (20-25 pp.) (30%) Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 28 SCHEDULE The schedule is tentative and may be adjusted as we progress through the semester. Some readings are in the reading packet (R), while many other required readings are available online as indicated. Some of the readings require you to be logged in with your UTEID through the UT libraries. AS indicates Additional Sources, listed in the last several sections of the syllabus. DATE TOPICS, ASSIGNMENTS, AND REQUIRED READINGS Unit 1: “Defining” Information Studies Sep 2 Introduction to the course Review of the syllabus When we do information studies, what are we doing? READ: Ortega y Gassett (1961/1934) online Shera (1968) R Agre (1995) online Bates (1999a) online Bates (1999b) online Buckland (1996) online Delamont & Atkinson (2001) online AS: Day (2005) Hahn (1996) Scarrott (1994) (Sep 7, WED) • DUE: Journal blog entry (500 words, 2 double-spaced pp.) (5%) Sep 9 Some ways to view the field READ: Augst (2001) R Bates (1999c) online Day (2000) online Floridi (2002) online Harmon (1987) R Hjørland (2005c) online McKechnie & Pettigrew (2002) online Wiegand (2003) online AS: Capurro (1992) Cole (1994) Frohmann (1992) Reeling (1992) Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 29 Vakkari (1996) Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 30 Unit 2: Thinking about systematic inquiry Sep 16 Introduction to the philosophy of science Student-led discussion of Godfrey-Smith (5%) READ: Godfrey-Smith (2003), 1 (“Introduction”), 2 (“Logic Plus Empiricism”), 4 (“Popper: Conjecture and Refutation”), 5 (“Kuhn and Normal Science”), 6 (“Kuhn and Revolutions”), 7 (“Lakatos, Laudan, Feyerabend, and Frameworks”) Miller (2004), 1 (“Why Write About Numbers?”), 2 (“Seven Basic Principles”), Appendix A (“Implementing ‘Generalization, Example, Exceptions’ (GEE)”) AS: Godfrey-Smith (2003), 3 (Sep 21, WED) • DUE: Journal blog entry (500 words, 2 double-spaced pp.) (5%) Sep 23 Philosophy of science – continued Student-led discussion of Godfrey-Smith (5%) READ: Godfrey-Smith (2003), 8 (“The Challenge from Sociology of Science”), 9 (“Feminism and Science Studies”), 10 (“Naturalistic Philosophy in Theory and Practice”), 12 (“Scientific Realism”), 15 (“Empiricism, Naturalism, and Scientific Realism?”) Miller (2004), 3 (“Causality, Statistical Significance, and Substantive Significance”), 4 (“Technical but Important: Five More Basic Principles”), 9 (“Writing About Distributions and Associations”) AS: Sep 30 Godfrey-Smith (2003), 11 Quine (1969) Making quantitative arguments READ: Miller (2004), 10 (“Writing About Data and Methods”), 11 (“Writing Introductions, Results, and Conclusions”) Porter (1999) R Rotman (1999) R AS: (Oct 5, WED) Logan (1995) MacKenzie (1999) Miller (2004), 5, 6, 7, 8 Tufte (1997) • DUE: Journal blog entry (500 words, 2 double-spaced pp.) (5%) Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 31 Oct 7 Science as a material assemblage Undermining mentalism, defending realism READ: Latour (1987), Introduction (“Opening Pandora’s Box”), 1 (“Literature”), 2 (“Laboratories”), 3 (“Machines”), 4 (“Insiders Out”), 5 (“Tribunals of Reason”), 6 (“Centres of Calculation”), Appendix 1 (“Rules of Method”), and Appendix 2 (“Principles”) Pickering (1995), Preface, 1 (“The Mangle of Practice”) Gross & Levitt (1994a) R Gross & Levitt (1994b) R Gross & Levitt (1994d) R Reddy (1993) R AS: Oct 14 Pickering (1999) Science as a material assemblage – continued Constructivism and other views of systematic inquiry READ: Bauer (1992) R Daston (2005) online Hammers & Brown (2004), online Pickering (1995), 2 (“Machines: Building the Bubble Chamber”), 4 (“Concepts: Constructing Quarks”), 5 (“Technology: Numerically Controlled Machine Tools”), 6 (“Living in the Material World”), 7 (“Through the Mangle”) Talja et al. (2005) online AS: Pickering (1995), 3 (“Facts: The Hunting of the Quark”) Daston (1999) Hacking (1999) (Oct 19, WED) • DUE: Journal blog entry (500 words, 2 double-spaced pp.) (5%) Unit 3: Theoretical and methodological overviews of Information Studies Oct 21 Philosophy of science and Information Studies Thinking about systematic inquiry in the field beyond the philosophy of science READ: Budd (2005) online Burke et al. (1996) online Day (1996) online Frohmann (2000) online Hansson (2005) online Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 32 Hjørland (2005a) online Hjørland (2005b) online Hjørland (2005c) online (reprise) McGrath (2002b) online Seldén (2005) online Sundin & Johannison (2005) online Oct 28 Some overviews of theory and social epistemology in the field ASIS&T READ: Bates (2005b) Budd (1995) online Budd (2002) online Carlin (2003) online Dervin (2005) Fallis (2002) online McDowell (2002) online Pettigrew & McKechnie (2001) online Zwadlo (1997) online AS: Dick (1999) Swanson (1988) • DUE: Topic and abstract – state of research and theory paper (2 pp.) (Nov 2, WED) • DUE: Journal blog entry (500 words, 2 double-spaced pp.) (5%) Unit 4: Examining specific theories and methods of inquiry in Information Studies Nov 4 Research and theory in the work of senior PhD students and faculty members Information behavior and general theory READ: Davidsen (2005) online Davies (2005) Dixon (2005) Ellis, M. (2005) online Julien (2005) Lowe & Eisenberg (2005) McKechnie (2005) Ross (2005) Van House (2002) online Yakel (2005) Nov 11 Research and theory in the work of senior PhD students and faculty members -- continued Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 33 Information behavior and LIS research READ: Chatman (1996) online Eisenhardt (1989) online Hersberger (2005) McGrath (2002a) online Palmquist (2005) Tidline (2005) Williamson (2005) Wilson (2005) • DUE: Choice of state of research and theory paper to review (Nov 16, WED) • DUE: Journal blog entry (500 words, 2 double-spaced pp.) (5%) Nov 18 Research and theory in the work of senior PhD students and faculty members -- continued Information behavior: Information seeking and information retrieval READ: Bates (2005a) Belkin (2005) Case (2005) Edwards (2005) Ellis, D. (2005) Erdelez (2005) Fayyad et al. (1996) online Kuhlthau (1991) online Kuhlthau (2005) Rioux (2005) Savolainen (2005) Smiraglia (2002) online Taylor (1968) R Turnbull (2005) AS: Nov 25 Bates (1989) No class – Thanksgiving vacation! Unit 5: Presentations of students’ research Dec 2 Students’ presentations (10%) READ: Miller (2004), 12 (“Speaking about Numbers”) AS: Wilkinson and Task Force (1999) online Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 34 • DUE: Draft due – final paper (≥ 10 pp.) Dec 9 Students’ presentations (10%) Course evaluation Course summary READ: Bates (2000) online Midgley (1999) R Taylor (1991) R • DUE: Review of another student’s draft of final paper (≥ 3-4 pp.) (15%) DEC 14, WED, 12:00 N • DUE: State of research and theory paper (20-25 pp.) (30%) Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 35 ASSIGNMENTS The instructor will provide more specific information about each assignment as the semester proceeds. Blog reviewing a research journal – Due throughout semester (30%) Every student will choose one journal from the list below to read throughout the semester and will keep an informal blog about the journal: American Archivist First Monday Information Processing & Management The Information Society Journal of Documentation Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology Library & Information Science Research Library Quarterly. No more than two students may choose any one journal from the list. The blog will be kept in a BlackBoard forum set up for that purpose, but students are encouraged to share their thoughts more publicly as they see fit, especially with other doctoral students, as long as they do not breach the privacy of the classroom. The goal of the blog is to record the student’s reactions to the journal, especially to use the review of the journal’s papers, editorials, identities of contributors, and the like to enhance the student’s understanding of the field and the development of a research persona. How does the journal reflect the questions we engage in class? How does it ignore them? What other questions and concerns does the journal consider? What continuing themes or singular questions does it engage? Who are the major actors in the community that the journal comprises and serves, both individually and institutionally? Who edits the journal? Who publishes it? What does the journal consider good research? These are only indicative of the kinds of questions the blog might engage. Students should, at a minimum, read the full 2005 volume of the journal, but they are free to discuss material from anywhere in the journal’s run. Every student will post a 500-word entry (about two double-spaced pp.) in the blog space every other Wednesday by 12:00 N. Since we have 14 class meetings, each student will write six (6) blog entries. They are due on the following Wednesdays: September 7, September 21, October 5, October 19, November 2, and November 16. By class the weeks that students write their blog entries, each student must read: 1. 2. The blog entries of any other student reviewing the same journal The entries of at least two other students; these entries must be for at least two different journals. Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 36 The instructor will also create another forum in BlackBoard for students to talk to each other about their blogs. Students in the class will determine if that second space will be strictly for them or for the instructor as well. The blog is a place to consider how the material read for DRT, the rest of students’ reading, and their professional experiences are part of our shared, larger disciplinary conversation. Paper on state of theory and research – Due various dates Every student’s final paper of the semester will report on the current state of theory and research of a topic in our field. While the topic must be determined in negotiation with the instructor, students are especially encouraged to consult with their classmates about their topics. The topic should be sufficiently narrow that the student can apply the concepts, literatures, and other class resources in order to report on and evaluate the state of theory and research on the topic in 20-25 double-spaced pp. from a perspective informed by our work together this semester. The student should: 1. 2. 3. Review the important literature about the topic, both historically and recently Consider how the topic does or does not reflect three of the major perspectives in our field: the simile of information as thing, cognitivist conceptions of information users, and the more materialist, community-, and practice-based understanding of the field Examine, explicitly, the research methods and modes of argumentation that have characterized studies of the topic. Since such a considered examination of any topic is of the type shown in monographs, it is imperative that students keep their topics narrowly focused and that their papers be succinct, clear, and focused. Topic and abstract -- Each student will clear the proposed topic with the instructor by October 28. Each student must provide a clear statement of her topic and a two-page abstract of how the final paper will address the topic by that date, preferably before. In addition to their own knowledge and interests, students may find a number of resources of value in identifying a topic for the paper: discussion with the instructor and colleagues (both inside and outside of the class), review of the supplemental parts of the references in the class syllabus, students’ own and others’ journal blogs, the mass media, class readings, Web and other Internet sources, and the bibliographies of what the class reads. The instructor will create a list of students and topics to be distributed online and in class no later than November 4. Choice of paper to review – Due November 11. Each student will choose another student’s paper to review no later than November 11. The choices will generally be on a firstcome, first-served basis, although the instructor reserves the right to assign students to particular drafts keeping in mind such criteria as students’ genders, research interests, education, employment, native languages, and the like. Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 37 Draft -- Due December 2. Each student will submit an initial draft of his final paper on December 2. The draft will be at least 10 double-spaced pp. long, will have a one-page abstract, will indicate how the rest of the paper will develop, and will have a substantial part of the bibliography identified and complete in APA format. Students will submit two copies of this draft -- one for the student peer editor and one for the instructor. Presentation -- December 2 and December 9 (10%) -- each student will make a 20minute oral presentation related to her final paper. This will be a public presentation, probably in SZB 468, to which all constituencies of the School will be invited, particularly PhD students, MS students, and the iSchool faculty with advisees in the class. Every student should use the computer and projection device available, as well as prepare an appropriate handout with, at the least, an outline of the presentation (this handout may include copies of PowerPoint slides if the student is using PowerPoint) and a short list of appropriate sources. Three students will present in each half of class, with questions saved for 15-20 minutes at the end of each half of class. This arrangement parallels one common in professional conferences. Each student peer editor will act as the initial respondent to any one paper. The dates for the presentations are December 2 and December 9. The instructor and the class TA will organize the presentation sessions and announce the schedule on the class and Insider email lists no later than November 18. Review of another student’s draft – Due December 9 (15%). Each student will review the draft of another student’s final paper and submit two copies of a three- to four-page, doublespaced critique of the paper. One copy will go to the student who wrote the draft and one to the instructor. Be specific in the critique -- what works in the draft? What does not? Why or why not? What specific suggestions can you offer for improvement to the paper, whether about the topic, the argument, definitions, sources, composition, citations, lay-out, and so on? The major criterion used to evaluate these reviews will be how valuable each one is in helping the author to improve her work. Final draft -- Due Wednesday, December 14, 12:00 N (30%). This is a final paper of 2025 double-spaced pages that reports on the current state of research and theory in any approved topic in the field. This final version, like the first draft, will have a one-page abstract outlining the topic, methods of discussion and analysis used in the paper, and other pertinent elements of the paper. The paper should be both analytic and holistic, using the texts and other general material read for the course, as well as that material more focused on our own discipline. Students should remember to consult the syllabus on standards for written work both before and after they write and put two copies of their final papers in the instructor’s box in the iSchool main office, SZB 564, no later than 12:00 noon on Wednesday, December 14. Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 38 REFERENCES I. Readings from the class schedule and assignments Some of the readings are in the course packet from University Duplicating (R). Several other required readings are available online, as indicated below and in the class schedule, and some of them require you to be logged in with your UTEID through the UT libraries. Agre, Philip E. (1995). Institutional circuitry: Thinking about the forms and uses of information. Information, Technology and Libraries, 14(4), 225-230. Also available at http://infotrac.galegroup.com/itw/infomark/192/918/69085623w6/purl=rc1_EAIM_0_A17814 175&dyn=9!ar_fmt?sw_aep=txshracd2598 Augst, Thomas. (2001). Introduction: American libraries as agencies of culture. American Studies, 42(3), 5-22. R Bates, Marcia J. (1999a). A tour of information science through the pages of JASIS. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 50(1), 975-993. Also available at http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jtoc?ID=27981 Bates, Marcia J. (1999b). The invisible substrate of information science. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 50(12), 1043-1050. Also available at http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jissue/69500790 Bates, Marcia J. (1999c). The role of the PhD in a professional field. Available at http://www.gseis.ucla.edu/faculty/bates/phdrole.html Bates, Marcia J. (2000). Selecting a publication venue. Available at http://listserv.utk.edu/cgibin/wa?A2=ind0005&L=jesse&T=0&P=1761 Bates, Marcia J. (2005a). Berrypicking. In Karen Fisher, Sanda Erdelez, & Lynne (E.F.) McKechnie (Eds.), Theories of information behavior (pp. 58-62). Medford, NJ: Information Today. Bates, Marcia J. (2005b). An introduction to metatheories, theories, and models. In Karen Fisher, Sanda Erdelez, & Lynne (E.F.) McKechnie (Eds.), Theories of information behavior (pp. 1-24). Medford, NJ: Information Today. Bauer, Henry H. (1992). In praise of science. In Scientific literacy and the myth of scientific method (pp. 141-151 and 172-173). Urbana, IL: University of Illinois. R Belkin, Nicholas J. (2005). Anomalous state of knowledge. In Karen Fisher, Sanda Erdelez, & Lynne (E.F.) McKechnie (Eds.), Theories of information behavior (pp. 44-48). Medford, NJ: Information Today. Benton, Ted, & Craib, Ian. (2001). Philosophy of social science: The philosophical foundation of social thought. New York: Palgrave. Biagioli, Mario. (Ed.). (1999). The science studies reader. New York: Routledge. Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 39 Brown, James Robert. (2001). Who rules in science?: An opinionated guide to the wars. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University. Buckland, Michael. (1996). Documentation, information science, and library science in the U.S.A. Information Processing & Management, 32(1), 63-76. Also available at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=IssueURL&_tockey=%23TOC%235948%231996%23 999679998%23146315%23FLP%23Volume_32,_Issue_1,_Pages_1125_(January_1996)%2BMHistory_of_Information_Science%2BMEdited_by_W._Boyd_Rayward& _auth=y&view=c&_acct=C000059713&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=108429&md5=e73ee b67466d1feb204abe98c7da06d8 Budd, John M. (1995). An epistemological foundation for library and information science. Library Quarterly, 65(3), 295-318. Also available at http://weblinks1.epnet.com/resultlist.asp?tb=1&_ua=bt+ID++LIQ+shn+1+db+aphjnh+bo+B%5 F+26D8&_ug=sid+59BCFD4C%2DB5BC%2D4136%2D9AE6%2D6CB28067DC9E%40sessionmgr2 +dbs+aph+4A97&_us=hd+False+dstb+ES+ri+KAAACBZD00109072+fcl+Aut+sm+ES+sl+%2D1+ 0477&_uh=btn+N+6C9C&_uso=st%5B0+%2DJN++%22Library++Quarterly%22++and++DT++19 950701+tg%5B0+%2D+mdb%5B0+%2Dimh+db%5B0+%2Daph+op%5B0+%2D+hd+False+8A96& lfr=Hierarchical+Journal&uh=1&sci=S1 Budd, John M. (2002). Jesse Shera, social epistemology and praxis. Social Epistemology, 16(1), 9398. Also available at http://www.metapress.com/app/home/journal.asp?wasp=872b11757f144d16a0bb729c787ad02a &referrer=parent&backto=linkingpublicationresults,1:102489,1 Budd, John M. (2005). Phenomenology and information studies. Journal of Documentation, 61(1), 44-59. Also available at http://ejournals.ebsco.com/Issue.asp?IssueID=394302 Burke, Mary, Chang, Min-min, Davis, Charles, Hernon, Peter, Nicholls, Paul, Schwartz, Candy, Shaw, Debora, Smith, Alastair, Wiberley, Stephen. (1996). Fraud and misconduct in library and information science research. Library & Information Science Research, 18(3), 199-206. Also available at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=IssueURL&_tockey=%23TOC%236577%231996%23 999819996%23322125%23FLP%23Volume_18,_Issue_3,_Pages_199293_(Summer_1996)&_auth=y&view=c&_acct=C000059713&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid =108429&md5=b3f7027b40a0dcaa31ac7c44d342fbee Carlin, Andrew P. (2003). Disciplinary debates and bases of interdisciplinary studies: The place of research ethics in library and information science. Library & Information Science Research, 25(1), 3-18. Also available at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=IssueURL&_tockey=%23TOC%236577%232003%23 999749998%23400053%23FLA%23Volume_25,_Issue_1,_Pages_1123_(Spring_2003)&_auth=y&view=c&_acct=C000059713&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid= 108429&md5=2957e47573e3ffe9cf20025c0d121cbd Case, Donald O. (2005). Principle of least effort. In Karen Fisher, Sanda Erdelez, & Lynne (E.F.) McKechnie (Eds.), Theories of information behavior (pp. 289-292). Medford, NJ: Information Today. Chalmers, A.F. (1999). What is this thing called science? Indianapolis, IN: Hackett. Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 40 Chatman, Elfreda. (1996). Impoverished life world of outsiders. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 47(3), 193-206. Also available at http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgibin/jtoc?ID=27981 Cornelius, Ian. (1996b). Meaning and method in information studies. Norwood, NJ: Ablex. Daston, Lorraine. (2005). Scientific error and the ethos of belief. Social Research, 72(1), 1-28. Also available at http://weblinks3.epnet.com/authHjafDetail.asp?tb=1&_ua=bo+B%5F+db+aphjnh+bt+ID++SRE +1CB8&_ug=sid+130A4F1E%2D2B64%2D46F1%2D8214%2DA8D917DBCFAF%40sessionmgr2+d bs+aph+E542&_us=hd+False+sm+ES+1C03&_uso=st%5B0+%2DID++SRE+tg%5B0+%2D+db%5 B0+%2Daph+op%5B0+%2D+hd+False+7AAC&_uh=btn+N+6C9C&tlog=1&lfr=Persistent+Link Davidsen, Susanna L. (2005). The Internet Public Library and the history of library portals. Journal of Library Administration, 43(1/2), 5-18. Also available at http://www.haworthpress.com/Store/E-Text/ViewLibraryEText.asp?s=J111&m=0 Davies, Elisabeth. (2005). Communities of practice. In Karen Fisher, Sanda Erdelez, & Lynne (E.F.) McKechnie (Eds.), Theories of information behavior (pp. 104-107). Medford, NJ: Information Today. Day, Ronald E. (1996). LIS, method, and postmodern science. Journal of Education for Library and Information Science, 37(4), 317-324. 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McKechnie (Eds.), Theories of information behavior (pp. 344-348). Medford, NJ: Information Today. Edwards, Philip M. (2005). Taylor’s question-negotiation. In Karen Fisher, Sanda Erdelez, & Lynne (E.F.) McKechnie (Eds.), Theories of information behavior (pp. 358-362). Medford, NJ: Information Today. Eisenhardt, Kathleen M. (1989). Building theories from case study research. Academy of Management Review, 14(4), 532-550. Also available at http://www.jstor.org/view/03637425/ap010056/01a00060/0?currentResult=03637425%2bap010 056%2b01a00060%2b0%2cFFEF0F&searchUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fsearch%2FAd vancedResults%3Fhp%3D25%26si%3D1%26All%3Dcase%2Bstudies%26Exact%3D%26One%3D% Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 41 26None%3D%26sd%3D%26ed%3D%26jt%3D%26ic%3D03637425%26ic%3D03637425%26node.Bu siness%3D1%26node.Sociology%3D1 Ellis, David. (2005). Ellis’s model of information-seeking behavior. In Karen Fisher, Sanda Erdelez, & Lynne (E.F.) 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Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (Vol. 775). New York: New York Academy of Sciences. Hammers, Corie, & Brown, Alan D. III. (2004). Towards a feminist-queer alliance: A paradigmatic shift in the research process. Social Epistemology, 18(1), 85-101. Also available at http://www.metapress.com/app/home/journal.asp?wasp=872b11757f144d16a0bb729c787ad02a &referrer=parent&backto=linkingpublicationresults,1:102489,1 Hansson, Joacim. (2005). Hermeneutics as a bridge between the modern and the postmodern in library and information science. Journal of Documentation, 61(1), 102-113. Also available at http://ejournals.ebsco.com/Issue.asp?IssueID=394302 Harmon, E. Glynn. (1987). The interdisciplinary study of information: A review essay. The Journal of Library History, 22(2), 206-227. R Hersberger, Julie. (2005). Chatman’s information poverty. In Karen Fisher, Sanda Erdelez, & Lynne (E.F.) McKechnie (Eds.), Theories of information behavior (pp. 75-78). Medford, NJ: Information Today. Hiley, David R., Bohman, James F., & Shusterman, Richard. (1991). The interpretive turn: Philosophy, science, culture. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University. Hjørland, Birger. (2005a). Comments on the articles and proposals for further work. Journal of Documentation, 61(1), 156-163. Also available at http://miranda.emeraldinsight.com/vl=3107758/cl=15/nw=1/fm=docpdf/rpsv/cw/mcb/0022 0418/v61n1/s10/p156 Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 43 Hjørland, Birger. (2005b). Empiricism, rationalism and positivism in library and information science. Journal of Documentation, 61(1), 130-155. Also available at http://ejournals.ebsco.com/Issue.asp?IssueID=394302 Hjørland, Birger. (2005c). Library and information science and the philosophy of science. Journal of Documentation, 61(1), 5-10. Also available at http://ejournals.ebsco.com/Issue.asp?IssueID=394302 Jansen, Sue Curry. (1991). Censorship: The knot that binds power and knowledge. New York: Oxford University. Julien, Heidi. (2005). Women’s ways of knowing. In Karen Fisher, Sanda Erdelez, & Lynne (E.F.) McKechnie (Eds.), Theories of information behavior (pp. 387-391). Medford, NJ: Information Today. Kaplan, Abraham. (1964). The conduct of inquiry: Methodology for behavioral science. New York: Harper & Row. Klee, Robert. (1999). Scientific inquiry: Readings in the philosophy of science. New York: Oxford University Press. Kuhlthau, Carol C. (1991). Inside the search process: Information seeking from the user’s perspective. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 42(5), 361-371. Also available at http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jtoc?ID=27981 Kuhlthau, Carol Collier. (2005). Kuhlthau’s information search process. In Karen Fisher, Sanda Erdelez, & Lynne (E.F.) McKechnie (Eds.), Theories of information behavior (pp. 230-234). Medford, NJ: Information Today. Latour, Bruno. (1987). Science in action: How to follow scientists and engineers through society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University. Latour, Bruno, & Woolgar, Steve. (1986). Laboratory life: The construction of scientific facts. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University. Lowe, Carrie A., & Eisenberg, Michael B. (2005). Big6 Skills for information literacy. In Karen Fisher, Sanda Erdelez, & Lynne (E.F.) McKechnie (Eds.), Theories of information behavior (pp. 6368). Medford, NJ: Information Today. Machlup, Fritz, & Mansfield, Una. (Eds.). (1983). The study of information: Interdisciplinary messages. New York: John Wiley & Sons. McDowell, Ashley. (2002). Trust and information: The role of trust in the social epistemology of information science. Social Epistemology, 16(1), 51-63. Also available at http://www.metapress.com/app/home/journal.asp?wasp=872b11757f144d16a0bb729c787ad02a &referrer=parent&backto=linkingpublicationresults,1:102489,1 McGrath, William E. (2002a). Explanation and prediction: Building a unified theory of librarianship, concept and review. Library Trends, 50(3), 350-370. Also available at http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?db=aph&jn=%22LIT%22&scope=site Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 44 McGrath, William E. (2002b). Introduction. Library Trends, 50(3), 309-316. Also available at http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?db=aph&jn=%22LIT%22&scope=site McKechnie, Lynne (E.F.). (2005). Vygotsky’s zone of proximal development. In Karen Fisher, Sanda Erdelez, & Lynne (E.F.) McKechnie (Eds.), Theories of information behavior (pp. 373-376). Medford, NJ: Information Today. McKechnie, Lynne (E.F.), & Pettigrew, Karen E. (2002). Surveying the use of theory in library and information science research: A disciplinary perspective. Library Trends, 50(3), 406-417. Available at http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?db=aph&jn=%22LIT%22&scope=site Midgley, Mary. (1999). Being scientific about our selves. In Shaun Gallegher & Jonathan Shear (Eds.), Models of the self (pp. 467-480). Thorverton, UK: Imprint Academic. R Miller, Jane E. (2004). The Chicago guide to writing about numbers. Chicago: University of Chicago. Ortega y Gassett, José. (1961). The mission of the librarian (trans. James Lewis & Ray Carpenter). Antioch Review, 22(1), 133-154. (Original work published 1934) Also available in John David Marshall (Ed.), Of, by, and for librarians, Second Series (1975, pp. 190-213). s.l.: Shoe String. (Original work published 1961) Also available at http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?ctx_ver=Z39.882003&res_dat=xri:pqil:res_ver=0.1&rft_val_fmt=ori:format:pl:ebnf:jarticle&rft_id=xri:pcift:article: 5022-1961-021-02-000001&res_id=xri:pcift-us Palmquist, Ruth A. (2005). Taylor’s information use environments. In Karen Fisher, Sanda Erdelez, & Lynne (E.F.) McKechnie (Eds.), Theories of information behavior (pp. 354-357). Medford, NJ: Information Today. Pettigrew, Karen E., & McKechnie, Lynne (E.F.). (2001). The use of theory in information science research. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 52(1), 62-73. Also available at http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jissue/76502080 Pickering, Andrew. (1995). The mangle of practice: Time, agency, & science. Chicago: University of Chicago. Pickstone, John V. (2000). Ways of knowing: A new history of science, technology and medicine. Manchester, UK: Manchester University. Porter, Theodore M. (1999). Quantification and the accounting ideal in science. In Mario Biagioli (Ed.), The science studies reader (pp. 394-406). New York: Routledge. (Original published 1992) R Reddy, Michael J. (1993). The conduit metaphor: A case of frame conflict in our language about language. In Andrew Ortony (Ed.), Metaphor and thought (2nd ed., pp. 164-201). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University. R Rioux, Kevin. (2005). Information acquiring-and-sharing. In Karen Fisher, Sanda Erdelez, & Lynne (E.F.) McKechnie (Eds.), Theories of information behavior (pp. 169-173). Medford, NJ: Information Today. Ross, Andrew. (1996). Science wars. Durham, NC: Duke University. Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 45 Ross, Catherine Sheldrick. (2005). Reader response theory. In Karen Fisher, Sanda Erdelez, & Lynne (E.F.) McKechnie (Eds.), Theories of information behavior (pp. 303-307). Medford, NJ: Information Today. Rotman, Brian. (1999). Thinking dia-grams: Mathematics and writing (abridged). In Mario Biagioli (Ed.), The science studies reader (pp. 430-441). New York: Routledge. (Original published 1995) R Savolainen, Reijo. (2005). Everyday life information seeking. In Karen Fisher, Sanda Erdelez, & Lynne (E.F.) McKechnie (Eds.), Theories of information behavior (pp. 143-148). Medford, NJ: Information Today. Seldén, Lars. (2005). On grounded theory – with some malice. Journal of Documentation, 61(1), 114-129. Also available at http://ejournals.ebsco.com/Issue.asp?IssueID=394302 Shera, Jesse. (1972). An epistemological foundation for library science. In Edward B. Montgomery (Ed.), The foundations of access to knowledge (pp. 7-25). Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University. R Smiraglia, Richard P. (2002). The progress of theory in knowledge organization. Library Trends, 50(3), 330-349. Also available at http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?db=aph&jn=%22LIT%22&scope=site Steinmetz, George. (Ed.). (2005). The politics of method in the human sciences: Positivism and its epistemological others. Durham, NC: Duke University. Sundin, Olof, & Johannisson, Jenny. (2005). Pragmatism, neo-pragmatism and sociocultural theory: Communicative participation as a perspective in LIS. Journal of Documentation, 61(1), 2343. Also available at http://ejournals.ebsco.com/Issue.asp?IssueID=394302 Talja, Sanna, Tuominen, & Savolainen, Reijo. (2005). “Isms” in information science: Constructivism, collectivism, and constructionism. Journal of Documentation, 61(1), 79-101. Also available at http://ejournals.ebsco.com/Issue.asp?IssueID=394302 Taylor, Charles. (1991). The dialogical self. In David R. Hiley, James F. Bohman, & Richard Shusterman (Eds.), The interpretive turn: Philosophy, science, culture (pp. 304-314). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University. R Taylor, Robert S. (1968). Question-negotiation and information seeking in libraries. College & Research Libraries, 29(3), 178-194. R Tidline, Tonyia J. (2005). Dervin’s sense-making. In Karen Fisher, Sanda Erdelez, & Lynne (E.F.) McKechnie (Eds.), Theories of information behavior (pp. 113-117). Medford, NJ: Information Today. Turnbull, Don. (2005). World Wide Web information seeking. In Karen Fisher, Sanda Erdelez, & Lynne (E.F.) McKechnie (Eds.), Theories of information behavior (pp. 397-400). Medford, NJ: Information Today. Van House, Nancy. (2002). Digital libraries and practices of trust: Networked biodiversity information. Social Epistemology, 16(1), 99-114. Also available at h Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 46 http://www.metapress.com/app/home/journal.asp?wasp=872b11757f144d16a0bb729c787ad02a &referrer=parent&backto=linkingpublicationresults,1:102489,1 Wiegand, Wayne A. (2003). To reposition a research agenda: What American Studies can teach the LIS community about the library in the life of the user. Library Quarterly, 73(4), 369-382. Available at http://weblinks2.epnet.com/resultlist.asp?tb=1&_ua=bt+ID++LIQ+shn+1+db+aphjnh+bo+B%5 F+26D8&_ug=sid+ED734B2E%2D5C89%2D425A%2DA033%2D592CE66A289D%40sessionmgr2+ dbs+aph+F4F7&_us=hd+False+dstb+ES+ri+KAAACB1D00088819+fcl+Aut+sm+ES+sl+%2D1+F A65&_uh=btn+N+6C9C&_uso=st%5B0+%2DJN++%22Library++Quarterly%22++and++DT++20 031001+tg%5B0+%2D+mdb%5B0+%2Dimh+db%5B0+%2Daph+op%5B0+%2D+hd+False+8F8C& lfr=Hierarchical+Journal&uh=1&sci=S1 Williamson, Kristy. (2005). Ecological theory of human information behavior. In Karen Fisher, Sanda Erdelez, & Lynne (E.F.) McKechnie (Eds.), Theories of information behavior (pp. 128-132). Medford, NJ: Information Today. Wilson, Thomas D. (2005). Evolution in information behavior modeling: Wilson’s model. In Karen Fisher, Sanda Erdelez, & Lynne (E.F.) McKechnie (Eds.), Theories of information behavior (pp. 31-36). Medford, NJ: Information Today. Yakel, Elizabeth. (2005). Archival intelligence. In Karen Fisher, Sanda Erdelez, & Lynne (E.F.) McKechnie (Eds.), Theories of information behavior (pp. 49-53). Medford, NJ: Information Today. Zwadlo, Jim. (1997). We don’t need a philosophy of library and information science: We’re confused enough already. Library Quarterly, 67(2), 103-121. Available at http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?db=aph&jn=%22LIQ%22&scope=site Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 47 II. Selected ARIST chapters 1966 - 2005 Allen, Bryce L. (1991). Cognitive research in information science: Implications for design. In Martha Williams (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 26, pp. 3-37). Medford, NJ: Learned Information. Allen, Thomas J. (1969). Information needs and uses. In Carlos A. Cuadra (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 4, pp. 1-29). Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica. Bar-Ilan, Judith. (2003). The use of Web search engines in information science research. In Blaise Cronin (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 38, pp. 231-288). Medford, NJ: Information Today. Bishop, Ann P., & Star, Susan Leigh. (1996). Social informatics of digital library use and infrastructure. In Martha Williams (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 31, pp. 301-401). Medford, NJ: Information Today. Blair, David C. (2002). Information retrieval and the philosophy of language. In Blaise Cronin (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 37, pp. 3-50). Medford, NJ: Information Today. Borgman, Christine L., & Furner, Jonathan. (2002). Scholarly communication and bibliometrics. In Blaise Cronin (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 36, pp. 3-72). Medford, NJ: Information Today. Boyce, Bert R., & Kraft, Donald H. (1985). Principles and theories in information science. In Martha Williams (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 20, pp. 153-178). Amsterdam: Elsevier. Buckland, Michael K., & Liu, Ziming. (1995). History of information science. In Martha Williams (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 30, pp. 385-416). Medford, NJ: Information Today. Burt, Patricia V., & Kinnucan, Mark T. (1990). Information models and modeling techniques for information systems. In Martha Williams (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 25, pp. 175-208). Amsterdam: Elsevier. Callahan, Ewa. (2004). Interface design and culture. In Blaise Cronin (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 39, pp. 257-310). Medford, NJ: Information Today. Capurro, Rafael, & Hjørland, Birger. (2002). The concept of information. In Blaise Cronin (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 37, pp. 343-412). Medford, NJ: Information Today. Chang, Shan-Ju, & Rice, Ronald E. (1993). Browsing: A multidimensional framework. In Martha Williams (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 28, pp. 231-276). Medford, NJ: Learned Information. Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 48 Cool, Coleen. (2001). The concept of situation in information science. In Martha Williams (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 35, pp. 5-42). Medford, NJ: Information Today. Cornelius, Ian. (2002). Theorizing information for information science. In Blaise Cronin (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 36, pp. 393-425). Medford, NJ: Information Today. Crane, Diana. (1971). Information needs and uses. In Carlos A. Cuadra (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 6, pp. 3-39). Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica. Crawford, Susan. (1978). Information needs and uses. In Martha Williams (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 13, pp. 61-81). Medford, NJ: Knowledge Industry. Davenport, Elisabeth, & Hall, Hazel. (2002). Organizational knowledge and communities of practice. In Blaise Cronin (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 36, pp. 171-227). Medford, NJ: Information Today. Davenport, Elizabeth, & Snyder, Herbert W. (2004). Managing social capital. In Blaise Cronin (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 39, pp. 517-550). Medford, NJ: Information Today. Dervin, Brenda, & Nilan, Michael. (1986). Information needs and uses. In Martha Williams (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 21, pp. 3-33). Medford, NJ: Knowledge Industry. Dillon, Andrew, & Morris, Michael G. (1996). User acceptance of information technology: Theories and models. In Martha Williams (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 31, pp. 3-32). Medford, NJ: Information Today. Doctor, Ronald D. (1992). Social equity and information technologies: Moving toward information democracy. In Martha Williams (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 27, pp. 43-96). Medford, NJ: Learned Information. Doty, Philip. (2001a). Digital privacy: Toward a new politics and discursive practice. In Martha E. Williams (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 35, pp. 115-245). Medford, NJ: Information Today. Eisenberg, Michael B., & Spitzer, Kathleen L. (1991). Information technology and services in schools. In Martha Williams (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 26, pp. 243-285). Medford, NJ: Learned Information. Ellis, David, Oldridge, Rachael, & Vasconcelos, Ana. (2003). Community and virtual community. In Blaise Cronin (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 38, pp. 144-186). Medford, NJ: Information Today. Harter, Stephen P., & Hert, Carol A. (1997). Evaluation of information retrieval systems: Approaches, issues, and methods. In Martha Williams (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 32, pp. 3-94). Medford, NJ: Information Today. Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 49 Haythornthwaite, Caroline, & Hagar, Christine. (2004). The social worlds of the Web. Blaise Cronin (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 39, pp. 311-346). Medford, NJ: Information Today. Herner, Saul, & Herner, Mary. (1967). Information needs and uses in science and technology. In Carlos A. Cuadra (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 2, pp. 1-34). New York: Wiley Interscience. Hewins, Elizabeth T. (1990). Information needs and use studies. In Martha Williams (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 25, pp. 145-172). Amsterdam: Elsevier. Large, Andrew. (2004). Children, teenagers, and the Web. Blaise Cronin (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 39, pp. 347-392). Medford, NJ: Information Today. Lievrouw, Leah A., & Farb, Sharon E. (2002). Information and equity. In Blaise Cronin (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 37, pp. 499-540). Medford, NJ: Information Today. Lin, Nan, & Garvey, William. (1972). Information needs and uses. In Carlos A. Cuadra (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 7, pp. 5-37). Washington, DC: American Society for Information Science. Lipetz, Ben-Ami. (1970). Information needs and uses. In Carlos A. Cuadra (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 5, pp. 3-32). Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica. Marchionini, Gary, & Komlodi, Anita. (1998). Design of interfaces for information seeking. In Martha Williams (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 33, pp. 89-120). Medford, NJ: Information Today. Martyn, John. (1974). Information needs and uses. In Carlos A. Cuadra (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 9, pp. 3-22). Washington, DC: American Society for Information Science. Menzel, Herbert. (1966). Information needs and uses in science and technology. In Carlos A. Cuadra (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 1, pp. 41-69). New York: Wiley Interscience. Paisley, William J. (1968). Information needs and uses. In Carlos A. Cuadra (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 3, pp. 1-30). Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica. Palmquist, Ruth Ann. (1992). The impact of information technology on the individual. In Martha Williams (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 27, pp. 3-42). Medford, NJ: Learned Information. Pettigrew, Karen, Fidel, Raya, & Bruce, Harry. (2001). Conceptual frameworks in information behavior. In Martha Williams (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 35, pp. 43-78). Medford, NJ: Information Today. Rogers, Yvonne. (2003). New theoretical approaches for human-computer interaction. In Blaise Cronin (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 38, pp. 87-144). Medford, NJ: Information Today. Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 50 Rorvig, Mark E. (1988). Psychometric measurement and information retrieval. In Martha Williams (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 23, pp. 157-189). Amsterdam: Elsevier. Sawyer, Steve, & Eschenfelder, Kristin R. (2002). Social informatics: Perspectives, examples, and trends. In Blaise Cronin (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 36, pp. 427466). Medford, NJ: Information Today. Schamber, Linda. (1994). Relevance and information behavior. In Martha Williams (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 29, pp. 3-48). Medford, NJ: Learned Information. Smith, Martha Montague. (1997). Information ethics. In Martha E. Williams (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 32, pp. 339-366). Medford, NJ: Learned Information. Snyder, Herbert W., & Pierce, Jennifer Burek. (2002). Intellectual capital. In Blaise Cronin (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 36, pp. 467-500). Medford, NJ: Information Today. Solomon, Paul. (2002). Discovering information in context. In Blaise Cronin (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 36, pp. 229-264). Medford, NJ: Information Today. Spink, Amanda, & Losee, Robert M. (1996). Feedback in information retrieval. In Martha Williams (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 31, pp. 33-78). Medford, NJ: Information Today. Sugar, William. (1995). User-centered perspective of information retrieval research and analysis methods. In Martha Williams (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 30, pp. 77-109). Medford, NJ: Information Today. Tibbo, Helen R. (1991). Information systems, services, and technology for the humanities. In Martha Williams (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 26, pp. 287-346). Medford, NJ: Learned Information. Vakkari, Pertti. (2002). Task-based information searching. In Blaise Cronin (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 37, pp. 413-464). Medford, NJ: Information Today. Van House, Nancy A. (2003). Science and technology studies and information studies. In Blaise Cronin (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 38, pp. 3-86). Medford, NJ: Information Today. White, Howard D., & McCain, Katherine W. (1989). Bibliometrics. In Martha Williams (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 24, pp. 119-186). Medford, NJ: Learned Information. White, Howard D., & McCain, Katherine W. (1997). Visualization of literatures. In Martha Williams (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 32, pp. 99-168). Medford, NJ: Learned Information. Yang, Kiduk. (2004). Information retrieval on the Web. In Blaise Cronin (Ed.), Annual review of information science and technology (Vol. 39, pp. 33-80). Medford, NJ: Information Today. Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 51 Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 52 III. Sources on Doing Research Research and research methods in Information Studies Biggs, Mary. (1991). The role of research in the development of a profession or a discipline. In Charles R. McClure and Peter Hernon (Eds.), Library and information science research: Perspectives and strategies for improvement (pp. 72-84). Norwood, NJ: Ablex. Bookstein, Abraham. (1986). Questionnaire research in a library setting. Journal of Academic Librarianship, 11(1), 24-28. Borgman, Christine L. (Ed.). (1990). Scholarly communication and bibliometrics. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Bowker, Geoffrey, & Star, Susan Leigh. (1998). Sorting things out: Classification and its consequences. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Boyce, Bert R., Meadow, Charles T., & Kraft, Donald H. (1994). Measurement in information science. San Diego, CA: Academic Press. Busha, Charles H., & Harter, Stephen P. (1980). Research methods in librarianship: Techniques and interpretation. New York: Academic Press. Cronin, Blaise. (1992). When is a problem a research problem? In Leigh Stewart Estabrook (Ed.), Applying research to practice: How to use data collection and research to improve library management decision making (pp. 117-132). Urbana-Champaign, IL: University of Illinois, Graduate School of Library and Information Science. Dervin, Brenda. (1977). Useful theory for librarianship: Communication, not information. Drexel Library Quarterly, 13(3), 16-32. Estabrook, Leigh Stewart. (Ed.). (1992). Applying research to practice: How to use data collection and research to improve library management decision making. Urbana-Champaign, IL: University of Illinois, Graduate School of Library and Information Science. Glazier, Jack D., & Powell, Ronald R. (Eds.). (1992). Qualitative research in information management. Englewood, CA: Libraries Unlimited. Gorman, G.E., & Clayton, Peter. (1997). Qualitative research for the information professional: A practical handbook. London: Library Association. Haddow, Gaby, & Klobas, Jane E. (2994). Communication of research to practice in library and information science: Closing the gap. Library & Information Science Research, 26(1), 29-43. Hafner, Arthur W. (1989). Descriptive statistical techniques for librarians. Chicago: American Library Association. Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 53 Harris, Michael H. (1986). The dialectic of defeat: Antimonies in research in library and information science. In Donald G. Davis & Phyllis Dain (Eds.), History of library and information science education [Special issue] (pp. 515-531). Library Trends, 34(3). Hernon, Peter. (1991b). Access to the research literature of library and information science. In Statistics: A component of the research process (pp. 31-38). Norwood, NJ: Ablex. Hernon, Peter. (1991a). The elusive nature of research in LIS. In Charles R. McClure and Peter Hernon (Eds.), Library and information science research: Perspectives and strategies for improvement (pp. 3-14). Norwood, NJ: Ablex. Hertzel, Dorothy H. 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Library and information science research: Perspectives and strategies for improvement. Norwood, NJ: Ablex. Mellon, Constance Ann. (1990). Naturalistic inquiry for library science: Methods and applications for research, evaluation, and teaching. New York: Greenwood Press. Peritz, B. (1980). The methods of library science research: Some results from a bibliometric study. Library research, 2(3), 251-268. Rice-Lively, Mary Lynn. (1997a). Analyzing qualitative data in information organizations. In G.E. Gorman & Peter Clayton, Qualitative research for the information professional: A practical handbook (pp. 198-221). London: Library Association. Rice-Lively, Mary Lynn. (1997b). Recording fieldwork data in information organizations In G.E. Gorman & Peter Clayton, Qualitative research for the information professional: A practical handbook (pp. 177-197). London: Library Association. Robbins, Jane B. (1992). 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An introduction to science studies: The philosophical and social aspects of science and technology. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University. Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 59 IV. Important Serial Sources The numbers in parentheses before some of the titles indicate positions in the latest ISI citation rankings, a useful if flawed metric of publications’ importance. Not all of the 55 publications in the ISI rankings appear here. For the full list, see the ISI Web site for journals in Information and Library Science http://isi17.isiknowledge.com/portal.cgi?DestApp=JCR&Func=Frame Advances in Librarianship (1) Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST) http://www.asis.org/Publications/ARIST/ Journals Those journals available online are available for only part of their publication run; further, UT often has more than one arrangement through which to get these journals online, so there may be more than one URL for each journal, especially those from the ISI list. Administrative Science Quarterly http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?db=buh&jn=%22ASQ%22&scope=site American Anthropologist American Archivist Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science http://www.asis.org/Bulletin/index.html (50) Canadian Journal of Information and Library Science http://www.utpjournals.com/jour.ihtml?lp=cjils/cjils.html Communication Yearbook http://www.sagepub.com/book.aspx?pid=2623 Canadian Journal of Information Science/ Revue canadienne des sciences de l'information http://www.cais-acsi.ca/journal.htm (8) College & Research Libraries (C&RL) Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 60 http://hwwilsonweb.com/login/?sp.username=AVE06&sp.password=UNTX045919&s p.dbid.p=S(Y6)&sp.nextfform=advsrch.htm Communications of the ACM http://www.acm.org/pubs/cacm/ Computer-supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) http://www.springerlink.com/app/home/journal.asp?wasp=d70b3a9988404c2d93a5a0 12ce2b0f4c&referrer=parent&backto=linkingpublicationresults,1:100250,1 Educause Review http://www.educause.edu/er/ (16) Government Information Quarterly (GIQ) http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/620202/description (5) Information and Management http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505553/description #description Information, Communication, and Society http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/1369118x.asp (11) Information Processing & Management (IP&M) http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03064573 (25) The Information Society http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?db=aph&jn=%221HQ%22&scope=site (4) Information Systems Research (ISR) http://isr.katz.pitt.edu/ (45) Information Technology and Libraries http://www.ala.org/Template.cfm?Section=periodicals&template=/ContentManageme nt/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=78982 (22) Journal of Academic Librarianship (JAL) http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/620207/description #description Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 61 Journal of Communication http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?db=buh&bquery=is+00219916&scope=site (6) Journal of Documentation (JDoC) http://ariel.emeraldinsight.com/vl=1648860/cl=23/nw=1/rpsv/jd.htm Journal of Education for Library and Information Science (JELIS) http://www.alise.org/publications/jelis.html (52) Journal of Information Ethics http://www.mcfarlandpub.com/book-2.php?isbn=JIE0000028 (12) Journal of Information Science http://ejournals.ebsco.com/Journal.asp?JournalID=103633 (3) Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association (JAMIA) http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/tocrender.fcgi?journal=76 (7) Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (JASIST) http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jtoc?ID=76501873 Formerly the Journal of the American Society for Information Science (JASIS) http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jtoc?ID=27981 Journal of Government Information: An International Review of Policy, Issues and Resources (formerly Government Publications Review) http://www.lib.auburn.edu/madd/docs/jgi/contents.html Now merged with Government Information Quarterly Journal of Information Science http://jis.sagepub.com/ Knowledge, Technology & Policy (formerly Knowledge in Society) http://weblinks1.epnet.com/authHjafDetail.asp?tb=1&_ua=bo+B%5F+db+aphjnh+bt+I D++F90+1631&_ug=sid+D47B8228%2DBBD4%2D4295%2D9239%2DF1DAA8E7B68D%40session mgr2+dbs+aph+6E52&_us=hd+False+sm+ES+1C03&_uso=st%5B0+%2DID++F90+tg%5B0+%2D +db%5B0+%2Daph+op%5B0+%2D+hd+False+DE02&_uh=btn+N+6C9C&tlog=1&lfr=Persistent+ Link Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 62 (19) Library and Information Science http://wwwsoc.nii.ac.jp/mslis/journal-e.html (20) Library & Information Science Research (LISR) http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/07408188 (29) Library Quarterly (LQ) http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?db=aph&jn=%22LIQ%22&scope=site (15) Library Resources & Technical Services (LRTS) http://www.ala.org/ala/alcts/alctspubs/librestechsvc/Default2594.htm Library Trends http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?db=aph&jn=%22LIT%22&scope=site (36) Libri http://www.librijournal.org/ Minerva: A Review of Science, Learning and Policy http://www.springerlink.com/app/home/journal.asp?wasp=af75067e342d44f6af170c3e 8853d79c&referrer=parent&backto=linkingpublicationresults,1:102961,1 (2) MIS Quarterly (MISQ) http://www.misq.org/ (36) Libri http://www.librijournal.org/ Organization Science http://pubsonline.informs.org/main/index.php?user=52882 (24) Restaurator http://www.saur.de/index.cfm?content=kurzanzeige.cfm?show=0000006512&menu=ca talog1 Science http://www.jstor.org/journals/00368075.html http://www.sciencemag.org/contents-by-date.0.shtml Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 63 Scientific American http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?Ver=1&Exp=06-222010&RQT=318&PMID=42280&VType=PQD&VInst=PRODUCTION&VName=HNP http://weblinks2.epnet.com/authHjafDetail.asp?tb=1&_ua=bo+B%5F+db+aphjnh+bt+I D++SIA+FACB&_ug=sid+D74F617B%2D6D06%2D47AC%2D919C%2D5EAC0F7073B1%40sessio nmgr2+dbs+aph+4124&_us=hd+False+sm+ES+1C03&_uso=st%5B0+%2DID++SIA+tg%5B0+%2 D+db%5B0+%2Daph+op%5B0+%2D+hd+False+7D3F&_uh=btn+N+6C9C&tlog=1&lfr=Persisten t+Link (9) Scientometrics http://www.springerlink.com/app/home/journal.asp?wasp=b352ae0c80354c8f8362870 2efb2e6a2&referrer=parent&backto=subject,212,241; Science, Technology, & Human Values http://www.jstor.org/journals/01622439.html Social Epistemology http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/02691728.asp (43) Social Science Information http://www.sagepub.co.uk/journal.aspx?pid=105779 Technology Review http://www.techreview.com/ (18) Telecommunications Policy http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/30471/description# description Wired http://www.wired.com/wired/index.html Electronic journals D-Lib Magazine -- http://www.dlib.org/ First Monday -- http://www.firstmonday.dk/ Information Research -- http://InformationR.net/ir/ JoDI: Journal of Digital Information-- http://jodi.tamu.edu/ Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 64 Proceedings of important meetings CoLIS – Conference on the Future of Library and Information Science CoLIS 5 (June 2005): http://www.cis.strath.ac.uk/external/colis5/colis.html ISIC – Conferences on Information Seeking in Context ISIC 2004 (September): http://www.eirviaservlets.com/isic2004/index.jsp JCDL – Joint Conferences on Digital Libraries http://www.jcdl.org/ (54) Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIST Annual Meeting) http://www.asis.org/am05call.htm Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 65 V. 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The culture and politics of literacy. New York: Oxford University. Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 82 Yakel, Elizabeth. (2000). Thinking inside and outside the boxes: Archival reference services at the turn of the century. Archivaria, 49, 140-160. Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 83 IMPORTANT PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS AND ORGANZIATIONS There are many organizations of special interest to the researchers, faculty members, and practitioners in our field. This very selective list gives some indications of professional associations and organizations to consider for membership, and to be aware of when looking for publication venues, making professional presentations, searching for jobs, expanding your professional travel, applying for research and other grants, and the like. American Association of University Professors (AAUP) http://www.aaup.org/ American Library Association (ALA) http://www.ala.org/ American Association of School Librarians (AASL) http://www.ala.org/ala/aasl/aaslindex.htm Association of College & Research Libraries (ACRL) http://www.ala.org/ACRLTemplate.cfm?Section=acrl&Template=/TaggedPage/Tagge dPageDisplay.cfm&TPLID=15&ContentID=7768 Library & Information Technology Association (LITA) http://www.ala.org/ala/lita/litahome.htm American Society for Information Science & Technology (ASIS&T) http://www.asis.org/ See list of Special Interest Groups (SIGs) http://www.asis.org/AboutASIS/asis-sigs.html#SIGAH Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) http://www.acm.org/ See list of SIGs http://www.acm.org/sigs/guide98.html Association for Library and Information Science Education (ALISE) http://www.alise.org/ Coalition for Networked Information (CNI) http://www.cni.org/ Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility (CPSR) http://www.cpsr.org/ Educause http://www.educause.edu/ Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) http://www.eff.org/ Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) http://www.ieee.org/portal/site International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) http://www.ifla.org/ Society of American Archivists (SAA) http://www.archivists.org/ Special Libraries Association (SLA) http://www.sla.org/ Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 84 Texas Library Association (TLA) http://www.txla.org/ Copyright Philip Doty, UT-Austin, July 2005 85