Using this and that
I have a book in my hand. This book is red 
I see a book in your desk. That book is blue 
This is my book. 
That is your book. 
Note: 
This book= the book is near me. 
That book= the book is not near me 
Using these and those
My books are on my desk. These are my books. 
Your books are on your desk. Those are your books. 
Note: Singular
Plural

This
These
That
Those
Asking questions with what and who +be
What is this? It’s a pen 
Who is that? That’s Mr. Lee. 
What are those? They’re pens 
Who are they? They’re Mr. and Mrs.Lee.
Note: what asks about things.
Who asks about people.
Contractions:
What is = What’s
Who is = Who’s
Using the Simple Present
 I eat break fast every morning.
 Olga speaks English every day.
 We sleep every night.
 They go to the beach every weekend.
 Note:
 The simple present tense expresses habits, usual
activity.
 We use S after she ,he and it.
 After I, you, they , and we we don’t use S
Using Frequency Adverbs
Always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, rarely, never.
Note:
Frequency Adverbs come between the subject and the simple
present verb.
e.g : Bob always eats break fast.
e.g : I seldom watch T.V.
Some frequency adverbs can also come at the beginning or at
the end of a sentence.
e.g: Sometimes I get up at seven/I sometimes get up at
seven
e.g :I get up at seven sometimes.
.
Other Frequency Expressions
 I drink tea : once a day





twice a day
three times a day
four times a day
etc…
Note: We can express frequency by saying how many
times something happens:
A day, a week, a month, a year.
Using Frequency Adverbs with Be
 Subject + Be + Frequency Adverb.
 Tom is always late for class.
 They are never late for class.
 Note: Frequency Adverb Follow am, is, are ( the
simple form of be).
 Subject+ Frequency Adverb+ Other S. present verbs.
 e.g. : Tom always comes late.
 Frequency Adverbs come before all simple present
verbs except be
Spelling and pronunciation of final -es
 The verbs which end with –sh, -ch, -ss, -x ,
we add –es
 E.g.

–sh




-ch
- ss
-x
push ___ pushes
teach____ teaches
kiss _____ kisses
fix ______ fixes
Adding Final –S/-ES To words That End In -y
 If the verb end with consonant + -y , we change y to i






and add –es.
E.g.: Cry ______ Cries
Try ______ Tries
If the verb end with vowel+ -y , we add only –s.
E.g. :
Pay ______ pays
Enjoy ______ enjoys