Nutrition for nursing
Dr. Fahad Aldhafiri
Nutrition in
Clinical Practice
Obesity
Causes of Obesity
• It is likely that obesity results from a dynamic
interaction between an increasingly
1. Obesogenic environment: an environment
that produces and supports overweight and
obesity.
2. behavior
3. Genetics
• Genetics does not cause obesity but is
involved in how likely a person is to gain or
lose weight in response to changes in calorie
intake by influencing basal metabolic rate,
where body fat is distributed, and response to
overeating .
Complications of Obesity
• It is associated with a wide va-riety of comorbidities,
including diabetes, hyperlipidemia, fatty liver
disease, obstruc-tive sleep apnea, gastroesophageal
reflux disease, vertebral disk disease, osteoarthritis,
and increased risk of certain cancers.
• Metabolic Syndrome: a cluster of
interrelated symptoms, including
obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension,
and dyslipidemia, which together
increase the risk of cardiovascular
disease and diabetes
WEIGHT MANAGEMENT
1. Nutrition Therapy:
• The first priority in obesity treatment is to decrease calorie intake, usually
by 500 to 1000 kcal/day to achieve a weekly weight loss of 0.5 to 1 kg.
• Balanced Diets: A balanced weight loss diet is patterned after MyPlate
guidelines with a calorie distribution of approximately 50% carbohydrate,
30% fat, and 20% protein.
2. Behavior Modification
• Behavior modification focuses on changing
the client’s eating and exercise behaviors
thought to contribute to obesity and closely
monitoring those behaviors.
3. Physical Activity
• In most studies, physical activity and improved
fitness reduce the health risks of obesity
regardless of the degree of obesity or baseline
health status.
4. Phamacotherapy
5. Bariatric Surgery