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Reading as a Study Skill Reading Skill Notecards * Word file pdf file 1 Word file pdf file 2 Word file pdf file 2. Distractors: How to Study with Children Notecards * 3. Evaluating Your Current Study Skills, Habits, and Environment 4. Improving Memory and Concentration Memory Notecards * 5. Motivation Reading Strategy Notecards ** 2 3 Word file pdf file 4 Word file pdf file 9. Time Management Time Management Notecards * Word file pdf file 10. Why Study Notecards * Word file pdf file 8. Stress & Test Anxiety * Notecards designed by Tammy Friemund, Study Skills Instructor, UM-College of Technology, Missoula, MT **Information for notecards taken from I Can Read It But I Don't Get It by Cris Tovani Learning Styles 3 Everybody has a preferred learning style. Knowing and understanding our learning style helps us to learn more effectively. Through identifying your learning style, you will be able to capitalize on your strengths and improve your self-advocacy skills. Directions: Place a check in front of all the statements that describe you. The list with the greatest number of checks is your dominant learning style. List 1 1. ___ reaches out to touch things 2. ___ collects things 3. ___ talk fast using hands to communicate what you want to say 4. ___ constantly fidgeting (e.g. tapping pen, playing with keys in pocket) 5. ___ good at sports 6. ___ takes things apart, puts things together 7. ___ prefers to stand while working 8. ___ likes to have music in the background while working 9. ___ enjoys working with hands and making things 10. ___ likes to chew gum or eat in class 11. ___ learn through movement and exploring the environment around you 12. ___ may be considered hyperactive 13. ___ good at finding your way around 14. ___ comfortable touching others as a show of friendship (e.g. hugging) 15. ___ prefers to do things rather than watching a demonstration or reading about it in a book. List 2 1. ___ asks for verbal instructions to be repeated 2. ___ watches speakers’ facial expressions and body language 3. ___ likes to take notes to review later 4 4. ___ remembers best by writing things down several times or drawing pictures and diagrams 5. ___ good speller 6. ___ turns the radio or T.V. up really loud 7. ___ gets lost with verbal directions List 2— continued: 8. ___ prefers information to be presented visually, (e.g. flipcharts or chalk board) 9. ___ skillful at making graphs, charts, and other visual displays 10. ___ can understand and follow directions on maps 11. ___ believes that the best way to remember something is to picture it in your head 12. ___ follows written instructions better than oral ones 13. ___ good at solving jigsaw puzzles 14. ___ gets the words to a song wrong 15. ___ good at the visual arts (art work, such as painting, photography, or sculpture, that appeals primarily to the visual sense and typically exists in permanent form) List 3 1. ___ follows oral directions better than written ones 2. ___ would rather listen to a lecture than read the material in a textbook 3. ___ understands better when reads aloud 4. ___ struggles to keep notebooks neat 5. ___ prefers to listen to the radio rather than to read a newspaper 6. ___ frequently sing, hum or whistle to yourself 7. ___ dislikes reading from a computer screen especially when the backgrounds are fuzzy 8. ___ when presented with two similar sounds, can tell if sounds are the same or different 9. ___ requires explanations of diagrams, graphs, or maps 10. ___ enjoys talking to others 11. ___ talks to self 5 12. ___ uses musical jingles to learn things 13. ___ would rather listen to music than view a piece of art work 14. ___ uses finger as a pointer when reading 15. ___ likes to tell jokes, stories and makes verbal analogies to demonstrate a point Total statements checked in each category: List 1—Tactile/Kinesthetic learning style __________ List 2—Visual learning style __________ List 3—Auditory learning style __________ Characteristics of a Visual Learner: Reader/observer Scans everything; wants to see things, enjoys visual stimulation Enjoys maps, pictures, diagrams, and color Needs to see the teacher’s body language/facial expression to fully understand Not pleased with lectures Daydreams; a word, sound or smell causes recall and mental wandering Usually takes detailed notes May think in pictures and learn best from visual displays Make your Learning Style work for you! 6 Visual Learners: Have a clear view of your teachers when they are speaking so you can see their body language and facial expression Use color to highlight important points in text Illustrate your ideas as a picture and use mind maps Use multi-media such as computers or videos. Study in a quiet place away from verbal disturbances Visualize information as a picture to aid learning Make charts, graphs and tables in your notes. Participate actively in class—this will keep you involved and alert When memorizing material, write it over and over Keep pencil and paper handy so you can write down good ideas. 7 Characteristics of an Auditory Learner: Interpret the underlying meanings of speech through listening to tone of voice, pitch, speed and other nuances Prefers directions given orally Seldom takes notes or writes things down Prefers lectures to reading assignments Often repeats what has just been said; talks to self Make your Learning Style work for you! Auditory Learners: Think aloud and talk to yourself Participate in class discussions/debates Make speeches and presentations Read text out loud—especially when proofreading or when tired Create musical jingles and mnemonics to aid memorization Use a tape recorder Discuss your ideas verbally with a friend or small group Use verbal analogies When doing math computations by hand, use graph paper to help you keep your columns aligned Recite information over and over to better memorize material You may want to sit near the side or back of the classroom where there is less visual stimulation 8 9 Characteristics of a Tactile/Kinesthetic Learner: The “Do-er” Needs to touch, handle, manipulate materials and objects, especially while studying or listening Counts on fingers and talks with hands Good at drawing designs Often doodles while listening, thus processing information Good at sports, mechanics, using appliances and tools Often adventurous May find it hard to sit still for long periods May become distracted by their need for activity and exploration Make your Learning Style work for you! Tactile/Kinesthetic Learners: Take frequent study breaks and vary your activities Make studying more physical—work at a standing desk, chew gum, pace while memorizing. read while on an exercise bike, mold a piece of clay, squeeze a tennis ball Use bright colors to highlight reading material Dress up your work space with posters and color Play music in the background while you study When reading, first skim through the whole thing to get a feel for what its about, then read the chapter carefully Use spatial note taking techniques such as mind mapping Visualize complex projects from start to finish before beginning—this will allow you to keep the big picture in mind 10 Learning Styles What is a learning style? 1. What is your learning style? 11 Learning Styles Learning styles are simply different approaches or ways of learning. Once you figure out the way you learn, you will know what strategies to use to fit your learning. You can find out what your learning style is by asking your tutor or instructor for a Learning Style Assessment! 12 Learning Styles There are 3 types of learning styles. Can you identify each style? 3. Types of Learning Styles Visual: Visual Learners learn through seeing….. What are the characteristics of a visual learner? 4. 13 Learning Styles Visual Auditory Tactile/Kinesthetic Characteristics of a Visual Learner: Reader/observer Scans everything; wants to see things, enjoys visual stimulation Enjoys maps, pictures, diagrams, and color Needs to see the teacher’s body language/facial expression to fully understand Not pleased with lectures Daydreams; a word, sound or smell causes recall and mental wandering Usually takes detailed notes May think in pictures and learn best from visual displays 14 Make your learning style work for you! Visual Learners What can I do as a visual learner to improve my skills as a student? 5. Types of Learning Styles 15 Auditory: Auditory Learners learn through listening and talking things through…….. What are the characteristics of a auditory learner? 6. 16 Make your Learning Style work for you! Visual Learners: Have a clear view of your teachers when they are speaking so you can see their body language and facial expression Use color to highlight important points in text Illustrate your ideas as a picture and use mind maps Use multi-media such as computers or videos. Study in a quiet place away from verbal disturbances Visualize information as a picture to aid learning Make charts, graphs and tables in your notes. Participate actively in class—this will keep you involved and alert When memorizing material, write it over and over Keep pencil and paper handy so you can write down good ideas. 17 Characteristics of an Auditory Learner: Interpret the underlying meanings of speech through listening to tone of voice, pitch, speed and other nuances Prefers directions given orally Seldom takes notes or writes things down Prefers lectures to reading assignments Often repeats what has just been said; talks to self Make your learning style work for you! Auditory Learners What can I do as an auditory learner to improve my skills as a student? 7. 18 Make your Learning Style work for you! Auditory Learners: Think aloud and talk to yourself Participate in class discussions/debates Make speeches and presentations Read text out loud—especially when proofreading or when tired Create musical jingles and mnemonics to aid memorization Use a tape recorder Discuss your ideas verbally with a friend or small group Use verbal analogies When doing math computations by hand, use graph paper to help you keep your columns aligned Recite information over and over to better memorize material You may want to sit near the side or back of the classroom where there is less visual stimulation 19 Types of Learning Styles Tactile/Kinesthetic: Tactile/Kinesthetic Learners learn through moving, doing and touching…….. What are the characteristics of a Tactile/Kinesthetic learner? 8. Make your Learning Style work for you! 20 Tactile/Kinesthetic Learners What can I do as a Tactile/Kinesthetic learner to improve my skills as a student? 9. Characteristics of a Tactile/Kinesthetic Learner: The “Do-er” Needs to touch, handle, manipulate materials and objects, especially while studying or listening Counts on fingers and talks with hands Good at drawing designs Often doodles while listening, thus processing information Good at sports, mechanics, using appliances and tools Often adventurous May find it hard to sit still for long periods May become distracted by their need for activity and exploration Make your Learning Style work for you! Tactile/Kinesthetic Learners: Take frequent study breaks and vary your activities 21 Make studying more physical—work at a standing desk, chew gum, pace while memorizing. read while on an exercise bike, mold a piece of clay, squeeze a tennis ball Use bright colors to highlight reading material Dress up your work space with posters and color Play music in the background while you study When reading, first skim through the whole thing to get a feel for what its about, then read the chapter carefully Use spatial note taking techniques such as mind mapping Visualize complex projects from start to finish before beginning—this will allow you to keep the big picture in mind Have someone proofread your papers 22 Discover Your Learning Strengths and Weaknesses Self-assessments Objectives: To increase awareness of personal learning strengths and weaknesses To develop awareness of self-defeating or helpful learning / study practices based on personal learning strengths and weaknesses Outcomes: To compile a basic portfolio of printed self-assessment exercises, results, and notes concerning personal learning strengths, weaknesses, and other characteristics which effect learning effectiveness To compile a personalized list of strategies to increase learning effectiveness based on results of learning self-assessments Warm-Up: Read the following article on Learning as an Adult: http://www.studygs.net/adulted.htm. New Instruction: 1. Complete, score, and review results for at least THREE of the following exercises. 2. Print or record your results for each assessment. 3. For each assessment, record at least three new learning strategies (or changes) you can use to improve learning effectiveness. Personal Style Inventory: http://www.muskingum.edu/~cal/database/general/inventory.html Self-description exercise: http://www.muskingum.edu/~cal/database/general/self.html Hemispheric dominance Inventory: http://www.mtsu.edu/~studskl/hd/learn.html 23 Modality / Learning Channel: http://www.muskingum.edu/~cal/database/general/modality.html Multiple Intelligences Inventory (80 items): http://www.ldrc.ca/projects/miinventory/ Learning to Learn Questionnaire: http://www.studygs.net/metacognition.htm 4. Compile a “How I Learn Best” portfolio (folder or file) with your assessment checklists, results, learning strategies list, and any notes you have taken while doing these exercises. Feedback and Review: 1. Share your portfolio with your instructor or a fellow student. 2. Discuss, and write down, at least five changes you will make to your current learning practices based on results from your self-assessment. Transfer of Knowledge or Skills: Using your “How I Learn Best” portfolio, evaluate each topic you are trying to learn (in or out of class). 1. Do your current methods of learning this topic support your learning strengths? 2. How can you modify your experiences so you can learn more effectively? 24 Evaluating Your Current Study Skills, Habits, and Environment Objectives: To develop awareness of, and evaluate, current study practices and habits To determine effective study practices Outcomes: To compare and contrast current study practices and habits with practices recommended for effectiveness To improve study habits based on individualized modification of environment, duration, and practices Warm-Up: On the top of a piece of paper, answer these questions: 1. What are study skills? 2. Why are good study skills important? New Instruction: 1. Complete these checklists and questionnaires to evaluate your current study skills, habits, and environment. 2. Print or record your results for each assessment. 3. For each exercise, record at least two specific study skills topic areas for improvement. Study skills: http://www.ucc.vt.edu/stdysk/checklis.html Study habits: http://www.muskingum.edu/~cal/database/general/studyhab.html Study environment: http://www.ucc.vt.edu/stdysk/studydis.html 4. Read this article on 17 tips to study smarter. Click here: http://www.yk.psu.edu/learncenter/acskills/studyskl.html 5. Create a list of at least five strategies you plan to implement. 25 6. Compile a “How I Study” portfolio (folder or file) with your assessment checklists, results, study skills topic area list, and any notes you have taken while doing these exercises. Feedback and Review: 1. Share your portfolio with your instructor or a fellow student. 2. Discuss, and write down, at least five changes you will make to your current study practices based on results from your self-assessment. 3. Based on your results from the above evaluations, receive additional instruction and practice with specific study skills topics listed on the LINCS Study Skills main page. Transfer of Knowledge or Skills: Using your “How I Study” portfolio, evaluate each topic you are trying to learn (in or out of class). 1. Are your current methods of studying this topic effective? 2. How can you modify your experiences so you can learn more effectively? 26 Improving Your Memory and Concentration Objectives: To develop awareness of strategies for memory and concentration improvement To compare current practices with recommended strategies for concentration and memory improvement Outcomes: To create a personalized memory and concentration “toolbox” of change lists and useful exercises or strategies. To implement chosen strategies for at least one week and note improvements. Warm-Up: Read general information on memory and complete the Memory Questionnaire at: http://www.muskingum.edu/~cal/database/general/monitoring4.html . New Instruction: 1. Read the following article on paying attention in class: http://www.studygs.net/classr.htm Think about your current classroom behavior. List two changes you can make to help you pay more attention during class. 2. Read the following article on concentrating when studying: http://www.studygs.net/concen.htm Think about your current study behavior. List two changes you can make to help you improve concentration while studying. 3. Choose at least two strategies from the following sites to use while learning new things. Print or write down your strategies so you will remember them! 27 Memorization: Specific methods to practice: http://www.studygs.net/memory.htm Thinking Aloud: http://www.studygs.net/thinkingaloud.htm 4. Practice five (or more) exercises on each of these sites, write down at least three exercises you plan to practice every day for a week. You may want to print these lists for future reference. 15 Concentration exercises: http://www.successconsciousness.com/index_000005.htm Brain exercises to improve concentration (brain gym): http://www.brainworks.info/braingym.html 5. Compile a Memory & Concentration “Toolbox” (folder or file) with your printed or written changes and strategies lists, exercises, and any notes you have taken while doing these exercises. Feedback and Review: 1. Teach three strategies from your “Toolbox” to a fellow student, co-worker, or family member. This will help you remember what you have learned! 2. Discuss with your instructor at least five changes you will make to your current learning practices to help improve your concentration or memory. 3. Practice five changes or exercises from your lists for at least a week. After one week, note improvements, or look for more helpful suggestions from your lists or these websites. Transfer of Knowledge or Skills: Using your Memory & Concentration “Toolbox”, evaluate each topic you are trying to learn (in or out of class). 1. Is your current level of concentration adequate for effective learning? 2. Could you remember more by using some of the recommended strategies? 3. How can you modify your experiences so you can learn more effectively? 28 Motivation Objectives: To develop awareness of personal intrinsic and extrinsic motivation To develop strategies to improve personal intrinsic and extrinsic motivation Outcomes: To create a notebook or wallboard concerning personal motivation strategies. To make specific efforts and take action to improve self-motivation. Warm-Up: Consider the following question: What motivates YOU? Write your answer(s). New Instruction: 1. Complete and print each section of this motivation exercise. Click here: http://www.studygs.net/motivation.htm. 2. Create a personal motivation wallboard in a visible "study" space. 3. OR create a notebook diary containing each page of this exercise. 4. Read the following article on self-talk and support systems. Write a list of three strategies to put into action. Click here: http://www.muskingum.edu/~cal/database/general/motivation4.html. Feedback and Review: 1. Meet with your mentor, family members, friends, and/ or instructor to discuss your motivational needs. 2. Put your motivation wallboard or diary in a significant place and refer to it often. Add information as necessary. Transfer of Knowledge or Skills: 1. Commit at least two weeks to your priority of increasing personal motivation. 2. Take action on at least five strategies you have learned. 29 3. Focus energy on thinking positively and avoiding negative people or situations. Note Taking Objectives: To investigate and practice the Cornell method of effective note taking To increase awareness of active listening techniques and strategies Outcomes: To demonstrate more effective note-taking through the use of systematic active listening and note-taking methods Warm-Up: Read the following article on effective listening and note taking: Click here: http://www.csbsju.edu/academicadvising/help/clasroom.htm. New Instruction: 1. Read this section on the Cornell method of note taking. Using a clean sheet of lined paper, create an example of this note-taking method. Click here: http://sas.calpoly.edu/asc/ssl/notetaking.systems.html. 2. Read the following article on active listening. Write down five major aspects of effective listening. Click here: http://www.studygs.net/listening.htm. 3. To practice listening and note-taking skills, complete at least five of the following short activities. Click here: http://www.uefap.co.uk/listen/exercise/computin/compfram.htm. 4. If you frequently take notes IN your textbooks, read the following article on marking and underlining texts. Practice this technique on two textbook pages. Click here: http://www.studygs.net/marking.htm. Feedback and Review: 30 Use your active listening and note-taking skills for two classroom meetings. Afterwards, show your notes to your instructor for feedback and discussion. 1. How did using these skills affect your classroom experience? 2. How will studying change with more detailed notes? Transfer of Knowledge or Skills: 1. Practice using active listening with family and friends. How does being an active listener change your relationships? Share these techniques with others. 2. Use active listening and a systematic note-taking method to record information from a news/radio show or video lesson. How does this system affect your concentration and recall of facts? 31 Reading as a Study Skill Objectives: To investigate and practice the SQ3R method of effective reading To increase awareness of effective reading techniques and strategies Outcomes: To demonstrate more effective reading through the use of systematic reading methods and strategies Warm-Up: Think about how you typically read classroom or study material. Write answers to the following questions: 1. Do you read from top to bottom without stopping? 2. What do you do when you come across an unfamiliar or difficult word? 3. When you get to the end of a paragraph or page, do you remember what you read? 4. Do you read everything at the same speed? 5. Do you take notes on what you read? 6. Do you read, or create, comprehension questions before you do the reading? New Instruction: 1. Read, and take notes on, this article about the SQ3R reading method. Write down all main steps and any notes that will help you apply this process. You may want to print the article for future reference. Click here for the article: http://www.studygs.net/texred2.htm. 32 2. Next, read this article concerning reading difficult material. Keep a list of at least three strategies you do not currently use when reading. Click here for the article: http://www.studygs.net/texred1.htm. 3. Practice the SQ3R reading method and strategies for reading difficult material on this article titled “Suggestions for Improving Reading Speed”. Click here for the article: http://www.ucc.vt.edu/stdysk/suggest.html. Feedback and Review: Use the SQ3R reading method and strategies for reading difficult material for two classroom assignments. Afterwards, discuss your experience with your instructor for feedback. 1. How did using these skills affect your reading experience? 2. How will the quantity and quality of remembered information increase? Transfer of Knowledge or Skills: Apply a systematic approach to any type of reading you do, in or out of class. Using a standard reading method will increase comprehension and reading speed, as well as “train” your brain to stay organized and focused. 33 Stress/Test Anxiety Objectives: To develop awareness of strategies for stress and anxiety reduction To compare current practices with recommended strategies for stress and anxiety reduction Outcomes: To create a personalized stress and anxiety reduction “Toolbox” of change lists and useful exercises or strategies To implement chosen strategies for at least one week and note improvements Warm-Up: 1. Complete, score, and print this stress vulnerability questionnaire: http://www.muskingum.edu/~cal/database/general/stressquest.html. 2. Now complete, score, and print this test anxiety questionnaire: http://www.muskingum.edu/~cal/database/general/anxietyquest.html . New Instruction: 1. Read this article on stress reduction. Print or write down three strategies that would be helpful to remember. Click here: http://www.studygs.net/stress.htm. 2. Read this article on test anxiety & stress reduction. Print or write down three more helpful strategies specifically for testing situations. Click here: http://www.muskingum.edu/~cal/database/general/testanxstrat.html. 3. If necessary, use these articles to add to your list of test anxiety strategies: 1. http://www.studygs.net/tstprp8.htm 34 2. http://www.utexas.edu/student/utlc/handouts/1305.html 4. Read, print, and practice this stress reduction exercise. Click here: http://members.aol.com/Falball/page4.html. 5. Review the following articles on stress reduction and relaxation. Print, or write down, and practice, at least three of the recommended exercises. 1. http://www.emotiontoolkit.com/relax.htm 2. http://www.therapeuticsource.com/relaxation.html 6. Compile a Stress & Anxiety “Toolbox” (folder or file) with your assessment results, printed or written changes and strategies lists, exercises, and any notes you have taken while doing this assignment. Feedback and Review: 1. Teach three strategies from your “Toolbox” to a fellow student, co-worker, or family member. This will help you remember what you have learned! 2. Discuss with your instructor at least five changes you will make to help reduce your stress or anxiety. 3. Practice five changes or exercises from your lists for at least a week. After one week, note improvements, or look for more helpful suggestions from your lists or these websites. Transfer of Knowledge or Skills: Using your Stress and Anxiety “Toolbox”, closely evaluate at least two aspects of your life that create unhealthy stress. For each of these life areas, determine five useful strategies to help you cope more effectively. Practice these strategies for at least one week. How does using these strategies affect your feelings about others? About yourself? 35 Time Management Objectives: To develop awareness of strategies for improved time management To develop a realistic view of current time management practices Outcomes: To conduct a personalized Goals /Objectives / Priorities exploration To assess current personal time management strengths and weaknesses To create a personal study schedule and list of strategies for improved time management To implement chosen changes and strategies for at least one week and note improvements Warm-Up: Complete the checklists below and questionnaires to evaluate your current activities and time management skills and habits. Print or record your results for each assessment. 36 1. http://www.studygs.net/schedule/Weekly.html 2. http://www.ucc.vt.edu/stdysk/TMInteractive.html 3. http://www.theglassceiling.com/wib2/ww4_time.htm 4. http://www.muskingum.edu/~cal/database/general/timesur1.html 5. http://www.muskingum.edu/~cal/database/general/timesur2.html New Instruction: 1. Print and complete this Goals /Objectives / Priorities Activity. Click here: http://www.studygs.net/schedule/goals.htm. 2. Read and complete this article/activity about avoiding procrastination. Write down your responses AND three tips you find helpful. Click here for Activity / Tips: http://www.studygs.net/attmot3.htm. 3. Print and complete this weekly study schedule. Write your current study schedule in pencil. If you will make changes, write your new study schedule in pen or highlight your new study times. Click here for the schedule: http://www.tulsa.oklahoma.net/%7Ejnichols/StudySchedule.html. Feedback and Review: 1. With an instructor or classmate, share assessment results and discuss at least five changes you will make to your current schedule to help improve time management. 2. Practice five changes to your schedule for at least a week. After one week, note improvements, or look for more ways you can eliminate time wasters or unnecessary commitments. 37 3. Transfer of Knowledge or Skills: Time management issues are often complex and involve other people. Share your concerns and strategies with those affected by changes you make to your schedule. Wherever possible, make modifications to your family, school, or work schedules to support your priorities. 38