THE SUSTAINABILITY
Grant a future to the economic
development
1. THE SUSTAINABILITY RULES
2. CONCEPTIONS OF SUSTAINABILITY
3. INTERVENTION POLICY
3.1 Very weak maintenance
3.2 Weak maintenance
3.3 Strong maintenance
3.4 Very strong maintenance
3.5 From the development to the vitality
4. THE RULES OF SUSTAINABILITY
5. CONCESSION OF SUSTAINABILITY
AND POLICY OF INTERVENTION
5.1 Very weak sustainability
5.2 Weak sustainability
5.3 Strong sustainability
5.4 Very strong sustainability
THE SUSTAINABILITY:
The different meaning
. WEAK SUSTAINABILITY :
The environmental resources are not
anything else other than natural
capital, or one of the so many forms of
capital.
What must be preserved and the stock
of united capital, to put aside from his
composition.
But the Weak sustainability gives a
PERFECT SUBSTITUTION between
the different capital forms
Is this a reasonable hypothesis?
THE SUSTAINABILITY:
The different meanings
. STRONG SUSTAINABILITY :
Not all the natural capital is replaceble
with the capital produced by men.
A CRITICAL NATURAL CAPITAL exists, that
is preserved in inreplaceble quantities
necessary for the continuity of life.
FLOW OF INCOME
SUSTAINABILITY
The environmental resources are not
anything else other than natural capital or
one of the so many forms of capital.
What must be preserved and the stock of
united capital, to put aside from his
composition?
PROBLEM
The natural capital never passes through
the market!
Quantitative variation: depreciation
Qualitative variation: degrade
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE OF THE
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
To save up enough what compensate
the depreciation of the physical capital
and that natural one (amortization).
The more the rate of saving exceed
twice the rate of depreciation, the
more the development is sustainable !
But the evaluations of sustainability
happen in a context of:
. Uncertainty
. Irreversibility
How to protect the uncertainty of the
future generations before discovering
“too slow” that they have committed
irreparable damages?
Minimum safety level and ties of
strong sustainability
The minimum safety level for the
natural capital is expression of a
precautionary principle
that protects the interest of the
future generations.
Minimum safety level and ties of
strong sustainability
Unlike the tie of strong
sustainability it is able to
foresee the consumption of
quotas of critical natural capital
that they don't notch
the “safety limits”
FROM THE DEVELOPMENT TO
THE SUSTAINABLE SURVIVAL
The vulnerability of the environment as a
threat to the survive:
. To protect from the environmental damages
“catastrophic”
. To coordinate and to balance the
development policy and the economic
choices at global level
FUNDAMENTAL RULES OF THE
SUSTAINABILITY

To correct the failures of the market and to
elaborate suitable evaluation methods of
the environmental resources and the
ownership rights

To allow the efficient regeneration of the
renewable natural capital and the systems
of support life
FUNDAMENTAL RULES OF THE
SUSTAINABILITY

Control the technological development
subistituting non renewable natural capital
with renewable one

To line up the intensity of exploitation of
the renewable natural capital to the
intensity of production of its substitutes

To proportion the level of activity to the
‘environment ability’ of loading (with
opportune precautionary border)
Conceptions of the sustainability
and intervention policies
VERY WEAK SUSTAINABILITY
Logic of the cost / benefit :
- ”management” of the market
- policy of the prices
- understanding the damage
- sovereignty of the user
- perfect substitute
VERY WEAK SUSTAINABILITY
Tools of intervention :
. Taxes on the pollution
. Dismantlement of the protected affairs
. Guardianship of the ownership rights
WEAK SUSTAINABILITY
Logic of cost benefit modified:
- Development of the evaluation methods
- External use of the compensations
- Attention to the systemic effects
- Evaluation of the alternative use
- ‘Weak’ version of the minimum safety level
WEAK SUSTAINABILITY
Tools of intervention:
. Taxes on the pollution
. Licence and reimbursements
. Environmental objectives
STRONG SUSTAINABILITY
Logic of the standards:
- The precautionary principle
- Rule of the constant natural capital
- Attention for the orientations and the
social preferences
- ‘Strong’ version of the minimum safety
level
STRONG SUSTAINABILITY
Tools of intervention:
. Standard of environment and emission
. Protected zones
. Permissions and dissuasive taxes
assicurative titles
VERY STRONG SUSTAINABILITY
Logic of the absolute standards:
- Cost-benefit Analysis focused on the
costs
- Superiority of the biological
considerations
- Superiority of the survival on the
development
VERY STRONG SUSTAINABILITY
Tools of intervention :
. Standard
. Regulation
. Permissions of creation