Copyright
Information for Teachers
“The Computer as an Educational
Tool:
Productivity and Problem Solving”
©Richard C. Forcier and
Don E. Descy
Definition
A copyright gives its owner the
power to control his or her own
artistic or intellectual creation. It
also prohibits others from using
the work for profit, sale, or
performance without permission
of the owner.
Single Copies (1)
A teacher can make a single
copy for:
• Preparation for class
• Teaching a class
• Scholarly research
Single Copies (2)
Can be made from:
• A chapter from a book
• An article from a magazine or
newspaper
Single Copies (3)
• Charts, graphs, drawings,
cartoons, or pictures from a
book, newspaper, or
magazine
• Poems, short stories, or short
essays
Multiple Copies
• Must pass spontaneity test
• Must pass cumulative test
• Each copy must contain
notice of copyright.
• Must not exceed one copy
per student
Spontaneity
1.
2.
The copying is at the instance and
inspiration of the individual
teacher, and
The inspiration and decision to use
the work and the moment of its use
for maximum effectiveness are so
close in time that it would be
unreasonable to expect a timely
report to a request for permission.
Cumulative Test
1.
2.
The copying of the material is for
only one course in the school in
which the copies are made.
Not more than one short poem,
article, story, essay, or two
excerpts may be copied from the
same author, nor more than three
from the same collective work or
periodical volume during one class
term.
Cumulative Test
(Continued)
3.
There shall not be more than nine
instances of such multiple copying
for one course during one class
term.
(The limitations stated in “2” and
“3” above shall not apply to
current news periodicals and
newspapers and current new
sections of other periodicals.)
Prohibitions
• Do not copy to create or replace
anthologies, compilations, or
collective works
• Do not copy “consumable” works
such as workbooks, exercises,
standardized tests, test books, and
answer sheets
Prohibitions
(Continued)
Copying cannot:
• Substitute for the purchase of a
book, magazine, or newspaper
• Be repeated by the same teacher
from term to term
• Be charged to the student beyond
the cost of photocopying
Copyright
Guidelines for Music
• For academic purposes,
other than performance,
single or multiple copies can
be made. But no more than
10% of the entire work can be
copied.
Guidelines for Music
(2)
• Emergency copying to
replace purchased copies
that are not available
• Printed copies may be edited
or simplified, but work cannot
be distorted in any way.
Guidelines for Music
(3)
• A single copy may be made
of a student’s performance
for evaluation or rehearsal
purposes only.
Prohibitions
• Copying cannot replace or
substitute for anthologies,
compilations, or collective
works.
• Copying cannot be for
purpose of performance.
Prohibitions
(Continued)
• Copying of “consumable”
works is not permitted.
• Copying cannot substitute for
the purchase of music.
Video Recording
Videotapes
• Broadcast programs may be
recorded and retained by a
nonprofit educational
institution for 45 days after
the recording.
Videotapes (2)
• Videotaped recordings of
broadcast programs may be
shown to students only
within the first 10 school
days of the 45-day retention
period.
Videotapes (3)
• Off-air recordings may be
made only at the request of a
teacher.
• A limited number of off-air
copies may be made from
each off-air recording to meet
teacher needs.
Videotapes (4)
• All copies of off-air
recordings must include the
copyright notice on the
broadcast program as
recorded.
Extended Taping Rights
• Any children’s program and
most prime-time programs
recorded from PBS have a
viewing period of one year.
This only applies to
classroom use.
Educational
Multimedia
Using Copyrighted
Works
Permitted Uses
Educational multimedia
combining original material
and copyrighted works may
be used for:
• Instruction
• Student’s directed self study
Permitted Uses
(Continued)
• Educational multimedia
cannot be entirely
copyrighted work, and must,
if at all possible, include
copyright notice.
Time Limits
• Teachers may use their
educational multimedia
projects for two years after
the first instructional use.
Thereafter permission is
required.
Portion Limits
• Motion media: 10% or 3
minutes, whichever is less
• Music: 10%, but in no event
longer than 30 seconds
• Text: 10% or 1000 words,
whichever is less
Portion Limits
(Continued)
• Photographs: An entire work
may be used, but no more
than five images by the same
artist or photographer.