Dr Nilofer A R,
Assistant Professor in OBG,
College of medicine.
overview
1. Introduction.
2. Aims and Principles
3. First Aid Box
INTRODUCTION
 An emergency is a situation that poses
an immediate risk to health, life, property,
or environment
 Types of emergency
1. Dangers to life
2. Dangers to health
3. Dangers to the environment
Session Objectives
 You will be able to:
 Identify workplace hazards that could cause an
emergency
 Report emergencies promptly
 Carry out emergency responsibilities
 Evacuate quickly and safely
 Respond to emergency situations effectively
Types of Emergencies
You Could Face
 Fires and explosions
 Chemical and biohazard incidents
 Natural disasters
 Violence
Fire Hazards: Electrical
 Overloaded electrical
systems
 Damaged wires and
cords
 Damaged plugs
 Defective equipment
Fire Hazards:
Flammable Chemicals
 Don’t smoke around
flammable chemicals
 Store flammables
properly
 Dispense
flammables properly
 Read MSDSs and
labels
Fire Hazards: Smoking
And Housekeeping
 Smoke only in
designated areas
 Make sure cigarettes
and matches are
completely
extinguished
 Keep your work area
clean and neat
 Properly dispose of
fire hazards such as
combustible trash
Chemical Release Hazards
 Look for signs of
chemical spills
 Report leaking
containers
immediately
 Don’t attempt a
cleanup unless you
are trained and
equipped
Biohazards
 Contagious diseases
 Infectious
microorganisms in
laboratories
 Foodborne illness
 Mold
Natural Disaster Hazards
 Flooding
 Tornado
 Hurricane
 Earthquake
Violence Hazards
 Workplace violence
 Civil disturbance
 Terrorist acts
Principles of emergency care
 Mitigation
 Preparedness
 Response
 Recovery
Be Prepared to Respond
Effectively to Emergencies
 Find out what you need to know now
 Prepare yourself to act correctly
 Participate in emergency drills
 Become familiar with emergency plans and
coordinators
 Keep emergency exits clear
Respond Safely to
Chemical/Biohazards
 Evacuate the area
 Shut doors and windows
 Notify a supervisor or the emergency coordinator
immediately
 Remove ignition sources (if safe to do so)
 Do not return to the area until instructed
Key Points to Remember
 Fires, chemicals/biohazards, natural disasters, and
violence can cause workplace emergencies
 Be sure you know evacuation routes, emergency
procedures, and emergency responsibilities
 Ask if you have questions about emergency
preparedness; don’t wait for a real emergency
Why to know first aid
procedures?
 Lives can be saved by the steps anyone can take
until medical help can arrive.
First Aid Kits
 Every office, factory, home and school should have an accessible
first aid kit
 Every kit should have the following items
 First aid book
 Band aids of various sizes
 Elastic bandages
 Gauze and adhesive tape
 Antiseptic wipes (alcohol wipes) and cotton wool
 Safety pins and tweezers
 Scissors
 Latex gloves
 Calamine lotion
 Clinical thermometer
 Analgesic tablets (aspirin)
Arm or Leg Injuries
 Treat by
 1. Laying the victim down and if possible, raise the injured
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part.
2. Press hard on the wound with a clean pad. If the wound
is gaping, hold the edges together firmly
3. If there is a foreign body in the wound (glass, metal, etc)
apply pressure alongside
4. Take a firm pad and bind it firmly over the whole wound
so that pressure is maintained. (A scarf or tie can be used)
5. If blood soaks through the bandage do not remove it.
Instead continue to apply pressure to the wound for 7-10
minutes.
6. Seek medical attention
Head Injuries
 Signs
 Blood or fluid from the ear
 Loss of consciousness
 Wound
 Sometimes no signs
 Treatment
 Very carefully, try to put flaps of skin back into position
 Press firmly on the wound with a clean, (sterile if possible) pad
 Hold the dressing in place with more clean cloth
 If the victim is conscious, lay them with their head and shoulders
slightly raised
 If fluid comes from the ear, cover the ear with a clean pad and lay
them on that side to allow free drainage of the fluid from the ear.
 See medical help immediately
Chest Injuries
 Cover the wound immediately using the palm of your
hand or the victims if they are conscious
 Place a sterile dressing or clean pad over the wound
then cover the pad with a plastic bag, kitchen film or
foil, held in place with adhesive strapping or firm
bandaging to form an airtight seal
 If victim is conscious, support him/her in a
comfortable position
 Call 9-1-1
Cuts & Grazes
 Bleeding usually stops within a few minutes
 Treat by cleaning the area with a gauze or cotton
pad
 Small cuts heal best if covered
 Antibiotic ointments may be used
Foreign Body in the Eye
 Eye
 When on the pupil or embedded in the white of the eye
Never try to remove the object
 Cover the injured eye with a clean pad
 Bandage both eyes
 Take the victim to the hospital
 When floating on the white of the eye
 Advise the victim not to rub the eye
 Have them sit down facing a light so that you can see into the
eye clearly
 Using your finger or thumb gently pull the eyelids of the injured
eye apart
 When you see the foreign body wash it out with clean water
 If the foreign body has not moved, try to lift it off with a moist
swab or the dampened corner of a tissue or handkerchief.
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