Animal Physiology 2007
Exam III
Name ____________________________________
Part I
Part II
Part III
Part IV
Part V
___________ (8 pts)
___________ (12 pts)
___________ (10 pts)
___________ (10 pts)
___________ (10 pts))
Part VI
Part VII
___________ (10 pts)
Total
___________ (100)
Please read each question carefully. Make sure you completely answer each
question. You are more than welcome to use graphs, diagrams, illustrations to support
your conclusions
This exam has pages including this title page.
Electronic devices may not be accessed during this exam.
1
Part I
Who am I?
Explain what the following people discovered or are best known for. Please be specific
1) Patrick Walsh –
2) Lucien Dubios
3) Alice Aldredge 4) Mike Latz5) Jim Case6) Lavoisier -
7) Joe Priestly
8) Schmidt-Neilson
2
What specific physiology property/process were the following animals used to illustrate
1) Antelope ground squirrel 2) Trematomus3) Nitrobacter4) Archetothus 5) Amphiuma –
6) Swordfish –
7) tuna8) scorpion9) turban snail10) Namib beetle 11) Chironomus
12) Hummingbird –
3
A) I am an ancient fish whose plasma is iso osmotic with the environment and my plasma contains TMAO and one
other substance (3 pts)
Who am I?
What is the other component of my plasma?
What is the functional significance of TMAO?
B) Name 5 adaptations that the kangaroo rat has evolved to conserve water (.5 each pts +.5 for all correct)
C) What was the name of the frog can freeze over 50% of its body (1 pts)
What mechanisms (or substance produced) does the frog employ to allow partial freezing (1)
D) Why would many midwater fish have black stomachs (1 pts)
E) What is the primary source of fresh water for marine mammals (1 pts)
4
1) Why and/or for what purpose has bioluminescence evolved in echinoderms, which do
they not possess well developed eyes. (1)
What type of echinoderm did we have in lab (1)
2) Name the phenomena illustrated by the following (
1 each pts)
3) Scientists have postulated that live on other planets may not used oxygen and carbon
dioxide for respiration. If an organism that possess ventilatory lungs like earth’s
vertebrates and has basically the same respiratory physiology, but replaces oxygen with
another diatomic gas such as , what three properties of the exhaled substitute for carbon
dioxide could you be relatively sure about. (1 each)
4) Walt Disney’s head has bee cryogenically preserved in the hopes of finding a cure to
what killed him and eventually resuscitating him in the future. What major physiological
problem that retards the ability of vertebrates to survive full freezing while have to be
worked out for resuscitation to have any chance of success. (2 pts)
5
1) What is the unusual strategy of the Femme Fatale firefly (2 pts)
2) You are investigating a typical deep sea fish retina. (3pts)
What is the reflective layer at the back of the eye called.
If a photon reflects off this layer, what type of cell (be specific) is it most likely to
encounter
What is the functional significance of this reflective layer and why do diurnal
animals not possess one.
3) You discover an bird like alien species. It has the beak, crop, gizzard, feathers and
hollow bones of a typical earth species. However, its bone are completely filled with
marrow. Speculate on how this could constrain the lifestyle of the bird. (2 pts)
4) It is very cold outside. You are lucky enough to live in a split level house with three
other roommates. One room mate lives on the level above the garage and your two other
roommates live on the level below the garage. You decide to start your car in your garage
and keep the garage door closed to prevent the heat from the exhaust from being
“wasted”. In fact, you prop open the door between the house and the garage because you
are a nice person and figure you might as warm up the whole house for your roommates.
Explain the physiological consequences of this action. While there be any difference as
to what level your roommates live on. (3 pts)
6
Circle the area or structures
involved in the filtering of
large molecular weight
compounds
Put the letter A next to all
the arrows involved in the
active transport of NaCL
Put the letter B next to all
the arrows involved in the
passive diffusion of urea
Put the letter C next to all
the arrow involved in the
passive diffusion
Put the letter D next to all
the arrows involved in the
active transport of Nitrite
What structure would be
considerably longer in the
kangaroo rat that the lab
rat.
Date
July 1
July 2
July 3
July 15
July 16
July 17
noon
100
80
100
100
100
100
midnight
10
10
10
35
15
35
The above table plots the average depth distribution of a squid that uses counter –
illumination
7
What is counter illumination used for?
Why would the squid vertically migrate between noon and midnight.
Explain the difference in depth distribution for the following dates
July 1 vs July 17
July 1 vs July 2
July 15 vs July 16
Compare and contrasts the benefits and disadvantages of being a ectoderm and
endoderm.
Section VI. You are conducting an experiment on a new species of sea bird. You discover that
the salt gland in the bird can produce a concentrated salt solution of 9 %. Its urine is
approximately iso-osmotic with seawater. The seawater which is its only source of water is 3%.
The average air temperature is 25oC and the average water temperature is 15oC and the bird
weighs an average of 500 gm.
Fish
% NaCl of
tissue
%KCl of
tissue
% NH3 of
tissue
Species A
Species B
Species C
15
35
40
10
25
40
0%
5%
10 %
Metabolic cost
of processing 1
g of tissue
3 calorie
2 calories
1 calories
Metabolic gain
of 1 g of tissue
9 calories
8 calories
5 calories
A) If the birds drinks 120 ml of sea water, how much freshwater will be available for metabolic
needs ( 2 pts)
B) The bird preys exclusively on three species of fish. The salt percentage of NaCl, KCl and
NH3 in each tissue is given. The bird needs 2 ml of free water to process 1 g salt contained in
each fish species though its urinary pathway. What is the minimum amount of seawater it will
have to drink to have sufficient free water to eliminate the salt gained from the ingestion of its
food via its urinary pathway if it eats 40 g of species A, 100 grams of species B and 200 grams of
species C. Assume that the water gained from the ingestion and metabolic reduction of the fish is
negligible ( 2 pts).
8
C) For every 100 ml of seawater ingested, it costs the bird 100 calories to make the concentrated
salt solution and the corresponding free water. It also costs the bird 1 calories for each ml of
urine produced. The metabolic cost of processing each g of tissue and the metabolic gain that
each g of tissue gives is shown in the table. The bird needs 2 ml of free water to process 1 g salt
contained in each fish species though its urinary pathway. Assume that the salt from the seawater
can only be processed through the salt gland and that the salt from the food can only be processed
through the kidney. The bird must remain iso-osmotic with its environment and also get rid of all
the salt it acquires through its diet and drinking. (Note: please show all calculations for full
credit)(6 pts)
i) Taking this into consideration, what species of fish would provide the greatest
metabolic gain per 100 g of fish weight? Please be certain to demonstrate how you arrived at this
answer
ii) Should the bird avoid any of the fish species. Please be certain to demonstrate how
you arrived at this answer
In regards to the teleost swim bladder:
What type of metabolism involves the conversion of glucose
What is the glucose turned in to:
What is the name of the shunt responsible for this conversion
What function does the rete mirabile serve in this system
The root on shift occurs in which vessels and how does it effect the partial pressure of
oxygen
9
What is the general classification of organism (in regards to nitrogen regulation) that
produces this type of curve.
Explain the differences in time courses for ammonia, nitrite and nitrate.
What would be the effects of adding a broad spectrum antibiotic to the tank at day 20.
Assuming you could maintain the Lake Magadi Tilapia in captivity at the correct pH,
how would its nitrogen curve resemble or differ from the above curve. What is the
general classification of the Tilipia in regards to nitrogen regulation
Whatc
What is the general phenomena being illustrated by the figure at the right
10
What is happening to the surface vessels in the above figure?
This is in response to what type of condition?
What is the functional significance of this.
If this animal had hair on its surface, what would you orientation would you expect to find the
hair in and why
. What type of muscles move the hair.
11
12