COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY
Department OF Restorative Dentistry [RDS]
Introduction to Operative Dentistry (122
RDS)
FIRST YEAR, 2nd Semester
STUDY GUIDE
1
Message from the Dean
Assalamualaikumwarahamatullahiwabarakatahu
It gives me immense pleasure to welcome all the Students to the
College of Dentistry – Zulfi, Majmaah University, K.S.A. The College of
Dentistry aims to improve the dental health of the people in the
Kingdom through providing the students with excellent clinical trainings,
supporting research and learning environment. Towards this goal the
Department of Restorative Dentistry has prepared a course handbook
for the benefit of the students.
I have read this handbook and found that the team has done an
excellent job in addressing all the questions a student will have at the
start of the course. This handbook is a comprehensive course guide for
the students for the subject Introduction to Operative Dentistry. I would
like to congratulate the team for coming up with this handbook.
It is for assured that the dedication of our energetic and
benevolent faculty and staff prompts the students to be skilled and
knowledgeable in attaining high standards in dental education.
Best wishes
Dr Abdul Rahman Al Atram
2
Message from the members of the committee
Dear students,
Department of Restorative Dentistry welcomes you in a very important
and fascinating course which will help you learning the basics of
operative dentistry. During the course, you will learn basics of cavity
preparation, pulp protection and subsequent restoration.
You will be encouraged to learn and improve your psychomotor skills as
much as possible. Good luck
3
Approval of the course
The course has been reviewed, revised and approved by
Departmental meeting held on ----------------Curriculum Committee meeting held on ----------------College council meeting held on -----------------
4
Table of contents
S. No.
Contents
Page No.
1.
Message from the dean.
2
2.
Message from the course committee.
3
3.
Approval of the course.
4
4.
Table of contents.
5
5.
General course information
6
6.
General course description
7
7.
General course objectives
8
8.
Course contents Theory Part
9
9.
Course contents Practical Part
12
10.
Detailed objectives of lectures
14
11.
Detailed objectives of PracticalPart
16
12.
Students Assessment and Marks distribution
17
13.
Student expected needed study hours per week and
18
student support
14.
Teaching and learning resources
18
15.
Course evaluation and improvement process
18
16.
Recommended Text Books
19
17.
Facilities required
20
5
Course Title
Course Code
General Course Information
Introduction to Operative Dentistry
122 RDS
Course
components &
credit hr
lectures
Practical sessions
1
Prerequisite
none
Co - requisite
111 RDS
Year / Level
1st year 2nd semester
2
Course
coordinator
Course
Committee
Course tutors
Office Location
College of Dentistry Alzulfi
Office Phone #
Office Hours
6
Credit Hrs
3
General Course Description
This preclinical one semester course includes a theoretical and a practical
components. The theoretical component is designed to give the 1 st year
students
basic
cognitive
knowledge
of
the
principles,
terminology,
instruments, materials and techniques utilized in the practice of Operative
Dentistry. The practical component provides the student with the initial
experience in the application of restorative procedures for managing the
carious process on phantom heads. The student should perform a series of
clinical exercises utilizing current instrumentation, materials, and techniques.
7
General Course Objectives
At the end of this course, students should be able to
1. To understand the principles, terminology, instruments, materials and
techniques
used in the practice of Operative Dentistry.
2. To understand the basic principles of cavity design for amalgam
restorations.
3. To understand use of amalgam as restorative material.
4. To understand significance of ergonomics.
8
Course content
A - Lectures (14)
Sr no
Date
Detailed content
Contac
t
hr
Weeks
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Introduction to operative dentistry
1
2
3
4
5
1. Definition & scope
2. Indications
3. Classification of restorations
4. Current research trends
5. Types of restorations
Basics of Dental caries
1. Role of diet
2. Plaque
3. Classification
4. Minimizing caries
Hand instruments used in Operative
dentistry
1. Classification
2. Parts of hand instruments
3. Types of shank angles
4. Types of cutting edges
5. Name & Uses
6. formula
Rotary instruments used in Operative
dentistry
1. Types
2. Speed ranges
3. Uses of hi and low speed hand
pieces
4. Types of burs
5. Parts of bur
6. Shank designs
Sharpening & maintenance of instruments
1. Hand piece cleaning
2. Lubrication
3. Proper place for lubrication
4. Eccentricity of bur
5. Checking water and air quality
6. Why & how to sharpen
7. Sharpening materials
8. Rules of sharpening
9
Staff
6
7
8-9
Steps of cavity preparation
1. Outline form
2. Convenience form
3. Retention from
4. Resistence form
5. Cavity Toilet
Midterm Exam
Contents of a prepared cavity
1. Abbreviations used in cavity prep
2. Walls
3. Floors
4. Line angles
5. Point angles
Amalgam restorations/ polishing &
finishing
1. Steps of restorations
2. Meaning and method of trituration
3. Instruments for condensation
4. Technique of Ag filling
5. Time of condensation
6. Difference between finishing and
polishing
7. Advantage of finishing
8. Reasons ofr polishing
9. Tarnish
10. Time of polishing
11. Technique of polishing
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Formative exam and rectification of
mistakes
10
11
Dental Restoratives
1. Difference between intra and
extra-coronal restoration
2. Terminology
3. Definition of simple, compound
and complex cavities
4. Direct & indirect restorations
5. Materials for restorations
10
12-13
14
Material Properties relevant to Op
Dentistry
1. Stress
2. Strain
3. Hardness
4. Toughness
5. Strength
6. Creep
7. Flexibility
8. Rigidity
Significance of Ergonomics in dentistry
1. Musculoskeletal disorders
2. Risk factors
3. Body strengthening exercises
Consequences of not sticking to
ergonomics
11
1
1
1
1
Course contents
B - Preclinical laboratory sessions
Sr no
1
2
3
Topic
Lab protocol
Detailed content


Lab protocol
Unit allotment


Working of phantom
head
Physical introduction to
phantom head unit






Black’s Class I
Class II
Class III
Class IV
Class V
ClassVI
Introduction
Classification
of Caries
(13)
Contact
hr
Weeks
3
1
3
1
3
1
3
1
3
1
Test 1 (5 marks)
4
5
6
Hand
instruments
Rotary
instruments



Identification
Proper grasp
Use
Identification
classification
Mounting
Use
12
Tutor
7
Sharpening and
maintenance of
instruents


8
10
11
12
3
1
Test 2

9
Oiling
sterilization


Identification of bur
shape
Use of burs
Hand pieces
Black’s class V
Cavity prep
For amalgam
(incisor)





Outline form
convenience form
resistance form
retention form
finishing of cavity
Black’s class V
cavity prep
For amalgam
( molars)





Outline form
convenience form
resistance form
retention form
finishing of cavity





amalgam manipulation
insertion
condensation
finishing
Root exercises
Restoration
with amalgam
3
3
1
3
1
3
1
3
1
13
Revision and make up of any deficiency
13
Learning objectives (Theory)
A – Lectures:
At the end of each lecture, the students should be able to
1. Introduction to Operative Dentistry
 Define operative Dentistry
 Mention indications of operative dentistry procedures
 Describe goals of operative dentistry procedures
 Explain meaning of preclinical Operative dentistry
 Define categories of materials used in operative dentistry
2. Basics of Dental Caries
 Define Caries
 Define Dental Plaque
 Describe remineralization / demineralization of hard tooth tissue
 Name the main causative microorganism of caries
 Mention various terms used in describing caries
3. Operative Dentistry Hand Instruments
 Identify and define hand - instruments
 Name instruments included in a set of examination instruments
 Identify and demonstrate use of various restorative instruments
 Name, identify and mention uses of restorative instruments
 Name, identify and mention uses of accessory instruments used in operative
dentistry
4. Operative Dentistry Rotary Instruments
 Define rotary instrument
 Identify and distinguish b/w high and low speed hand pieces
 Mention speed ranges of high and low speed hand pieces
 Mention uses of high and low speed hand pieces
 Mention types of tungsten carbide burs
 Identify & name basic shapes of burs
 Mention various lengths of shanks of drill
 Mention precautions to use rotary instruments
5. Maintenance and Sharpening of instruments
 Define the term maintenance
 Describe the significance of maintenance and sharpening of instruments
 Demonstrate ability to clean and lube dental hand pieces
 Describe importance of drying and cooling of HP after sterilization
 Mention precautions to take before sending HP for sterilization
 Describe why and when to sharpen an instruments
 List advantage of using sharp instrument
 State principles of sharpening
14
6. Steps of cavity preparation
 List steps of tooth preparation
 Describe meaning of term “tooth preparation”
 Differentiate between the terms “tooth preparation” and “cavity preparation”
 Mention terminology used in cavity prep
 Describe abbreviation used in tooth prep
Contents of prepared Cavity
 Define Cavosurface angle
 Distinguish between Intracoronal and Extracoronal preparation
 Differentiate between resistance and retention form of a cavity
 Describe meaning of Extension for Prevention
 Enumerate various contents of a cavity
7. Amalgam Restorations finishing & polishing
 Define a restoration
 List steps of amalgam restoration
 Define trituration
 Identify instrument for carrying amalgam to prepared cavity
 Define carving and burnishing of amalgam
 Enumerate instruments used for amalgam carving
 Define finishing and polishing
 State reasons for polishing a restoration
8. Dental Restoratives
 Differentiate between intra and extra-coronal restoration
 Use terminology employed in tooth preparation
 Define Direct & indirect restorations
 Enumerate materials for restorations
9. Material Properties relevant to operative Dentistry
 Define and differentiate the terms Stress & strain
Define :
 Hardness, Toughness, Strength, and Creep
 Define and differentiate the termsFlexibility&Rigidity
Define:
 Elastic limit and elsticity
 Radiolucency /radioopacity
 Transparency/ transopcaity&tranlucency
15
Learning objectives (skills)
B- Practical Sessions
At the end of each practical session, students should be able to
1 - Introduction
Describe various course contents
Take care of his allocated phantom head
Follow prescribed laboratory protocol
2. Classification of caries
Define and Identify
 Black’s Class I
 Class II
 Class III
 Class IV
 Class V
 ClassVI
3. Hand instrument
Identify instrument
Mention parts of instrument
Show Proper grasp of instrument
Use each instrument for appropriate use
4. Rotary Instrument
Identify rotary instrument
Mount burs on Hand piece
Differentiate between High and low speed hand pieces
Describe uses of hand pieces
Hold hand pieces properly for effective use
5. sharpenening and maintenance of instrument
 Sharpen instrument effectively
 Lubricate instrument
 Perform cleanliness of instruments
6. Black’s Class V cavity preparation
Establish
Outline form
Convenience form
Resistance form
16
Retention form
Finishing of cavity
Identify Class V cavity
Mention the meaning of 4-walled cavity
7. Restoration of class V cavity
Triturate amalgam mechanically
Pack amalgam into the prepared cavity
Fill the amalgam within 3-4 minutes after mixing
Carve and finish amalgam
Assessment of students
3-Introduction to Operative Dentistry (2 credit hours, 1 theory, 1 lab)
The following percentages (%) of the total grade will be assigned :
Theoretical part …………………………..……50%
Practical part ………………………………...…50%
In-course assessments……………………………………………….... 60%
o Midterm written examination ……..…20%
o Midterm practical examination ….…..10%
o Weekly practical assessments………10%
o Behavior and attitude ………………….5%
o Research …………………………..…...2%
o Presentation …………………………....1%
o Quiz….. ……………………………..…...2%
o Oral exam ………………………………10%
Final examination …………………..…………………………………….40 %
Final practical examination ……………15%
Final written examination ………………25%
17
Students ‘recommended self study hours per week & student support
In addition to the teaching hours in the college, the student is expected
to give at least 1 hour daily to this subject for 5 days a week.
The students are encouraged to keep liaison with the tutor for any
ambiguity or any additional help required in understanding of the
course.
Teaching and learning recourses
Class lectures
Phantom head exercises
Videos
Written assignment
Presentations
Course evaluation & improvement process
Students’ feed back through questionnaire
Reviewing and assessing in the departmental meeting whether
objectives of the course were achieved; if not why?
Introducing new learning objectives keeping current research on the
subject in view
18
Books
1. Sturdevant's Art and Science of Operative Dentistry
Harold O Heymann
2. - Pickard's manual of operative dentistry,
6th Edition BY
9th edition BYG.Logan
3. Atlas of operative dentistry: preclinical and clinical procedures BY Joseph R
Evans,
John H Wetz, Roy A Wilko
4. Phantom Head Laboratory Manual prepared by Department of Restorative
Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, AlmajmaahUniveristy.
19
Facilities required
Class room for lectures
Lap top for audiovisual support
Phantom head laboratory for practical sessions
Instruments for practical sessions
Examination instruments:
Mirror
Explorer
Tweezers
Spoon excavator
Cavity preparation:
Hatchet
Hoe
Chisel
High-speed handpiece
Conventional-speed contra-angle handpiece
Tungsten carbide burs:





Round burs: ¼, ½
Inverted cone: 33 ½
Tapered Fissure: 169, 169L, 171,172
Straight fissure: 56
Pear shape: 330L


Twelve-fluted carbide bur (composite) # 7104
Thirty –fluted carbide bur # 9406
Diamond tips: round, fissure, tapered fissure, inverted cone
Restoration,Condensation and carving:
Amalgam carrier
Amalgam condenser
Discoid-cleoid carver
Egg shaped carver
Ball ended burnisher
Plastic instrument
20
Material manipulation
Glass slabs
Mortar/pestle
Amalgamator
Dappen Dishes
Cement spatula
Matricing:
Tofflemyre matrix retainer
Matrix band
Wedge
Finishing and polishing:
Bristle brush
Rubber cup
Two-sided finishing strips (composite)
Instrument Sharpening:
Arkansas stone
Isolation from oral fluids
Rubber Dam kits
Rubber Dam Sheet
Materials for practical sessions
Amalgam
Composite
Etching gel
Ca Hydroxide cement for lining
Zinc Phosphate cement
Zinc oxide cement
Polycarboxylate cement
GIC
Plastic teeth
FULL SETS for phantom head upper and lower arches
Upper and lower molars
21