TRANSLATION LECTURE
26/3/1437
FROM P:106
By Dr. Faiza
Abdalla
WHAT IS TRANSLATION? P:1
It refers to
all the processes and
methods used to render or transfer the
meaning of source language (SL) into
target
language,
completely
and
accurately
Using:
word phrase that have direct equivalent
Word with no ready made equivalent in
Arabic
3. foreign words but written in Arabic
pronounced as in native origin
4. words made to fit Arabic pron, spelling
and grammar.
TRANSLATION L1(107-117)
2.9- TRANSLATION AND CULTURE
Is the most difficult area of translation
What is culture?
“all socially conditioned aspects
of human life’
Or” What people should learn something
differently form his/her biological heritage,
it is not material phenomenon but, it is
Organization of things, people, behavior, or
emotion”
THEY CONCENTRATE FINALLY ON
CULTURE AS:
Knowledge, proficiency and
perception
Behavior, action and events
norms of social behavioral
language usage
Some say it is the language
because it uses to translate of one
culture to another. P 107
PROCEDURES OF :TRANSLATION OF
CULTURE(P:109)
1. Cultural
Equivalent
‫مرادفات‬
2. Cultural
correspondence
‫التطابق الثقافي‬
4. Naturalization
‫التطبيع‬
3. Accepted
standard
translation
‫التردمة المعيارية المقبولة‬
5. General Sense
‫المعني العام‬
2.PROCEDURES OF :TRANSLATION OF
CULTURE(P:109
6. Transcription‫نسخ‬
Transference ‫النقل‬
Transliteration
‫اللفظية‬
8. Translation
Couplet ‫الثنائية‬
7. Literal
translation of
meaning ‫الترجمة‬
‫الحرفية للمعني‬
9. Translation
Triplet ‫الثالثية‬
10. Classifier
‫ الكلمة‬-‫المصنف‬
‫الشارحة‬
9. translation triplet ‫الثالثية‬
is frequent-logical- valid- and favorable
What is it;
Is to use 3 types of operations in one time
Transcription
translation
‫نسخ‬
paraphrase
‫ترجمة‬
‫اعادة صياغة‬
EXAMPLES: UES:
‫الترجمة‬
‫النسخ او اعادة الصياغة‬
words
translastion
Love virus
‫ في الحاسب االلي‬-‫ فيروس الحب‬--------ttp
Pasta dish
‫ الباستا‬-‫ طبق معكرونه‬-------------------------tnt
Acid rain
‫ ملوث‬-‫ مطر اسيدي‬-----------------------------tnc
Pall Mall
‫شارع بال مال في لندن‬----------------- -------tnc
Jeans Jacket
‫سترة جينز امريكي‬-------------------------------ttc
============ ==========================
(t)-Trascription(t) transcription
(n) naturalism
© classifier
10- CLASSIFIER ) ‫ الشارح‬- ‫( المصنف‬
like couplet and triplet use for
unknown cultural expressions
as practical applicable short one
IT USES
simple , general term.
Demonstrate its type
and categories
EXAMPLE OF USING CLASSIFIER
Cultural expression
Sake
‫سيك‬
Baseball
Lincoln
‫شراب الساكي‬
‫لعبة البيسبول‬
‫لنكن‬
Rock
Steppes
translation
‫مدينة لنكولن االنجليزية‬
‫موسيقي الروك‬
‫استيبس‬
‫سهل ستيبسي الروسي‬
SOME PURE CULTURAL TERMS ARE:
Translated into English such as:
1
5
And then transferred to Arabic…how. .by
modifying words to show their types
11. NEUTRALIZATION ........... ‫حياد‬
It called
Declturalization
‫التحييد‬
Functional
‫الوظيفي‬
Is to take the form of
paraphrase TL
No sign to SL cultural sign
It is a descriptive equavilant
Descriptive
‫وصفي‬
Equivalent
‫المكافئ‬
EXAMPLES P:
107 )these words translated
direct into literal translation
words
Neutralization translation
Kermlin
‫القصر الرئاسي الروسي‬
westminister
‫مبنير البرلمان االمريكي‬
Catch 22
‫ في مازق ال‬/‫ في ورطة كبيرة‬/‫في حيص بيص‬
‫مخرج منه‬
Parkinson’s disease
‫الشلل الرعاشي‬
A can of worms
‫مشكلة عويصة‬
DISCUSSION
May be strange for you as Arab and Arabic
readers
-Kremlin and Westminster my be acceptable
from pronunciation
- but what about the 3 rd word …..Catch 22 it is
unclear, it is a title of American novel (means
impasse- dilemma ‫ مازق‬that is no way out is
available.(cultural translation) may confused
Arabic readers)
- it translated literary translation
Parkinson is translated to noncultural version and it is acceptable
and unclear, but specialist only know
what does it mean.
The last one about fishing--- direct
tra. Means ‫ علبة الديدان‬in Arabic
But for SL culture it is unacceptable
12. COMPONENTIAL ANALYSIS
‫تحليل مكونات‬
 is to analyze semantic components of words
Componential analysis differ from linguistics
analysis
In linguistics it means to analyze all senses of
the words in to its meaning component.
Educate for example (educated- educationeducational- educationists)
Translation analysis is to compare bw SL and
TL. Words in term of sameness or differences
to get a close possible equivalent.
EXAMPLE TO DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
TWO T YPES
In linguistics analysis
In componential analysis
House- means homeaccommodation- residence-cottage
God means lord in English
It translated to the House of God
God- means Allah(part of Islamic
culture
And semantic component not found
in English culture.
Al-Kaba not in English equvalentQiblah-
finally the definition of componential
analysis is
It is a kind of paraphrase that can
describe as something economical the
original procedure of paraphrase and
glossary,
Translation into SL that means describe
it with details to be clear in Arabic see
examples(open P: 107)
That mean explanation is important for
Arab reader to understand cultural terms
13:PARAPHRASE ) ‫( شرح‬
Is a kind of short explanation when to
understand a word you need many words
to get it.
It is long procedure
But it use if there is no other way to
illustrate unclear cultural terms
‫)‪LOOK EXAMPLE P(107‬‬
‫‪SL‬‬
‫محرررررم ‪ Prohibited in Islam‬لو شرحت شرائح فخذ ‪-‬مشكلة مع المسلم‬
‫‪TL‬‬
‫‪Ham‬‬
‫شريحة لحم بقر‬
‫‪Steak‬‬
‫عرفة خفيفة مكشوفة‬
‫‪Tilbury‬‬
‫غابة امطار استوائية‬
‫‪Selva‬‬
‫‪Bernard show‬‬
‫‪shavian‬‬
THE LAST 3 WORDS
Need paraphrasing ‫ اعادة صياغة‬for Arab
readers to understand them to know the
relationship.
Shavian ‫شووي‬related to Bernard Show
style of sarcasm
So, paraphrase is the solution in words
like this rooted in culture.