© Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved
© Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved
Another
Presentation
© 2002 - All rights Reserved
nygiantsbigblue@yahoo.com
© Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved
Announcements:
•
Last homework due tomorrow in lecture ! See
www.astro.umd.edu/~astr100/section to make sure you have the correct
questions
•
Bonus Prizes
•
Grade updates
•
Final Exam – 200 points – same format as previous two exams
•
Jeopardy review today
© Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved
Round 1
$
Round 2
Final
Jeopardy
$
$
BAZ
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Galaxies &
Cosmology
Cosmology
I
Galaxies
Solar
System
$100 $100
$100
$100 $100
$100
Final
Jeopardy
$200 $200
$200
$200 $200
$200
Scores
$300 $300
$300
$300 $300
$300
$400 $400
$400
$400 $400
$400
$500 $500
$500
$500 $500
$500
Stars
MISC.
Round 2
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$100
Describes the maximum distance
that light can travel in the
Universe’s age
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$100
What is the “Cosmic Horizon”
Scores
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$200
Evidence for the “Hot Big Bang”
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$200
What is the
(a)Redshifted CMB observed at
2.7 K
(b) More dense and hotter in past
since galaxies are expanding
Scores
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$300
Stars that are young, metal-rich
and blueish in color
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$300
What are Population I stars
(found in disk of spiral galaxies)
Scores
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$400
Extremely luminous distant
galaxies
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$400
What are QUASARS
Scores
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$500
Abnormally luminous spiral
galaxies
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$500
What are Seyfert Galaxies
Scores
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$100
The central portion of a spiral
galaxy, roughly spherical or
football shaped
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What is “the bulge”
Scores
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$200
The two main categories of
galaxies
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What are SPIRALS and
ELLIPTICALS
Scores
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$300
The unusually luminous centers
of some galaxies, though to be
powered by accretion onto
supermassive black holes.
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$300
What are Active Galactic Nuclei
(AGN)
Scores
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$400
The nearest large spiral galaxy to
the Milky Way
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What is Andromeda
(aka. M 31)
Scores
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$500
Process whereby small galaxies
are captured and absorbed by
larger ones
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What is Galactic Cannibalism
Scores
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$100
An object that orbits a planet
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What is a moon
Scores
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The phase of the moon if you
hear that there is a full solar
eclipse in Cairo, Egypt today.
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$200
What is a NEW MOON
Scores
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$300
Three main parts of a comet
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What is the NUCLEUS, the HALO,
and the TAIL (ion and dust)
Scores
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$400
A huge, spherical region centered
on the Sun extending perhaps
halfway to the nearest stars, in
which trillions of comets orbit the
sun with random inclinations,
orbital directions and
eccentricities.
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$400
What is the Oort Cloud
Scores
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$500
The 4 Galilean moons
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What are “Io, Europa, Ganymede
& Callisto”?
Scores
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$100
The process in which two or
more smaller nuclei slam
together and make one larger
nucleus, releasing energy.
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$100
What is nuclear fusion
Scores
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The maximum possible mass for
a white dwarf, also called the
Chandrasekhar limit.
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What is 1.4 Solar Masses
Scores
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An object too small to become an
ordinary star because electron
degeneracy pressure halts its
gravitational collapse before
fusion becomes self-sustaining
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What is a Brown Dwarf
Scores
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A useful type of star to determine
distances because of its unique
relation between the time periods
in its brightness fluctuations and
its absolute magnitude.
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What is a Cepheid Variable Star
Scores
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$500
A spinning neutron star
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What is a PULSAR?
Scores
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$100
Matter that we infer to exist from
its gravitational effects but from
which we have not detected any
light. Apparently dominates the
total mass of the universe.
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$100
What is Dark Matter
Scores
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The event that gave birth to the
universe
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What is the Big Bang
Scores
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$300
If gravity ever reverses the
universal expansion, the universe
will someday begin to collapse
and end this way.
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What is the Big Crunch.
Scores
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$400
Remnant radiation from the Big
Bang, detected using radio
telescopes, and seemingly
isotropic. (WMAP results)
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$400
What is Cosmic Microwave
Background Radiation.
(CMB)
Redshifted to 2.7 K
Scores
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$500
Einstein’s biggest blunder
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What is a 1917 addition of the
“ad hoc” cosmological constant
to his field equations, in order to
produce a static universe.
Scores
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$100
Refers to gas and dust that fills
the space between stars in a
galaxy
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$100
What is the interstellar medium
(ISM)
Scores
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$200
A situation that at least at first,
seems to violate common sense
or contradict itself. Resolving
often leads to a deeper
understanding.
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$200
What is a paradox
Scores
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$300
The idea that the sky should be
bright at night because of light
from many distant stars and
galaxies, but it is not!
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What is Olbers’ paradox
Scores
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$400
The name given to hypothetical
tunnels through hyperspace that
might connect two distance
places in our universe, such as
black holes in galaxies.
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$400
What are wormholes
Scores
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$500
The equation (V = const * D)
describing the velocity of
recession of a galaxy as a
function of its distance is known
as this.
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$500
What is Hubble’s law
Scores
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LAWS
&
THEORIES
diagram
Sky
Appearnce
& Lunar
Phases
$200 $200
$200
$200 $200
$200
Final
Jeopardy
$400 $400
$400
$400 $400
$400
Scores
$600 $600
$600
$600 $600
$600
$800 $800
$800
$800 $800
$800
Spectra
HR-
The
MISC
SOLAR
SYSTEM
$1000 $1000 $1000 $1000 $1000 $1000
Round 1
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$200
Kepler’s 3rd law allows us to
calculate the mass of a central
object by knowing these two
quantites
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$200
What is
ORBITAL PERIOD
&
DISTANCE from the central object
Scores
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$400
If instead of 1 AU away from the
Sun, the Earth were 5 AU away,
the force of attraction between
the Earth and the Sun would
chance by this amount
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What is reduced by 25
(or 1/25th the original force)
Scores
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$600
The balance between these two
quantities keeps a star from
collapsing onto itself when it is
on the main sequence
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$600
What is
GRAVITY
&
RADIATION PRESSURE
Scores
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$800
Hubble’s law states that knowing
this property allows one to know
an object’s distance
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$800
What is
VELOCITY of RECESSION
(or redshift)
Scores
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$1000
Cepheid variables are important
indicators of distance because of
the unique relationship that they
possess between these two
quantities
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$1000
What is
PERIOD & LUMINOSITY
Scores
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By finding the most intense
wavelength of a star’s spectrum,
on e can determine this stellar
property
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What is TEMPERATURE
Scores
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$400
We see these when electrons in
atoms are “jumping” from higher
to lower energy levels
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What are EMISSION LINES
Scores
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A galaxy moving towards us
shows spectral lines shifted
toward this end of the spectrum
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What is BLUESHIFTED
Scores
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A long photon wavelength
corresponds to (low/high) energy
and (red/blue) color.
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What is “LOW” and “RED”
Scores
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The electrons in this absorb
energy and produce lines seen in
an absorption spectrum
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What is a COOL GAS or
ATMOSPHERE
Scores
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$200
The current ordering of spectral
class (OBAFGKM) is based on
this property of stars
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What is SURFACE
TEMPERATURE
Scores
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A very cool star which has a
luminosity 100 times the solar
luminosity is most likely this kind
of star.
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What is a RED GIANT
Scores
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$600
Based on the distribution of
nearby stars, our galaxy is
composed mostly of stars of this
spectral type.
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M stars
(LOW mass)
Scores
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After hydrogen fusion in the core
ceases and a hydrogen-burning
shell develops a little later, the
Sun will evolve into this kind of
star
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$800
What is a RED GIANT
Scores
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$1000
A G2 star will stay on the main
sequence for about this long
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What is about 10 billion years
Scores
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$200
Season’s occur as a result of this
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What is the EARTH’S tilt
Scores
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$400
This is the phase of the moon
during which solar eclipses may
occur
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What is a NEW MOON
Scores
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$600
These stars never set below an
observer’s horizon
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$600
What are CIRCUMPOLAR STARS
Scores
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$800
This means the same side of the
MOON is always facing the
EARTH
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What is SYNCHRONOUS rotation
(caused by TIDAL forces)
Scores
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In the geocentric model of the
Solar System, epicycles were
invented to explain this
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What is RETROGRADE MOTION
Scores
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The asteroid belt is between the
orbits of these two planets
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What is MARS and JUPITER
Scores
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$400
This planet is often called Earth’s
twin because of its similar mass
and diamter
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What is VENUS
Scores
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$600
This is the only moon with a
sizeable atmosphere
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What is TITAN
Scores
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$800
These planets have known ring
systems
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What are the JOVIAN planets
(Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and
Neptune)
Scores
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This is the primary reason that
the inner planets and the outer
planets have very different
compositions
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What is
CONDENSATION
TEMPERATURES
during formation
Scores
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$200
This plot of velocity vs. distance
gives us information about the
mass in a spiral galaxy
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What is a ROTATION CURVE
Scores
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$400
This type of galaxy has the most
star formation
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What is an IRRGEGULAR
GALAXY
Scores
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$600
This stellar property has the
greatest effect on the evolution of
a star
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What is MASS
Scores
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$800
The reason that the surface of a
balloon is a good analogy for the
shape of the Universe is because
of lack of these two things
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What is a CENTER and an EDGE
Scores
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This is the stuff which is
hypothesized to explain the
acceleration of the Universe’s
expansion
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What is DARK ENERGY
Scores
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Milky Way
Scores
Final
Jeopary
Question
© Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved
The distance in light-years of
a)Our solar system to the bulge
b) the thickness of the Milky
Way’s disk
c) one edge of the Milky Way to
the other
© Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved
a)~28,000 light years
b) 1,000 light years
c) 100,000 light years
Scores