TOPICS FOR PRACTICAL II - Loesch et al, Biology 1406
You will be tested using TEN stations, with a variable number of questions per station, for a total of 50
questions at two points each. You will have FIVE minutes per station. No microscopes or living material
will be used – in order to assure that each student sees the same thing, representative pictures of organisms
and cell types will be provided. These pictures are well drawn – you should have no trouble recognizing
the subject matter. Additionally, where I deem appropriate, further explanations may be provided in the
test questions themselves. The practical will cover laboratory exercises 7, 8, 10, 11, and 12.
FOR THE LABORATORY EXERCISES LISTED ABOVE, YOU WILL BE RESPONSIBLE TO:
1. Know and be able to recognize all stages of mitosis and the differences between mitosis in plant and
animal cells. Know and be able to identify all cellular structures used in mitosis.
2. Know and be able to recognize ALL different types of dominance - complete, incomplete, and
codominance. Know and be able to derive an organism’s genotype, phenotype, and gametes for
Mendelian analysis. You will have a dihybrid cross on this exam! Know and be able to derive the
genotype and phenotype of the offspring of Mendelian crosses. Understand and be able to analyze a
pictorial pedigree showing a SEX LINKED character in humans.
3. Know the structure and function of DNA – building blocks, numbering system for the head and tail
ends of nucleic acid strands, how nitrogenous bases pair and bond to each other, how DNA is replicated.
Be able to deduce the base sequence of a complementary DNA strand when provided with a single
stranded DNA template.
4. Know and be able to recognize all stages of meiosis. Know the differences between meiosis and
mitosis. Which cells undergo meiosis, and for what purpose?
5. Know the process of transcription and translation. Be able to deduce the base sequence of an mRNA
strand if given a DNA template. Be able to use the chart of genetic codes provided in your laboratory
manual to give an amino acid sequence when provided with an mRNA sequence. Know the relationship
between codons and amino acids - in other words, what does a codon code for?
6. Know ALL respiration experiments performed or demonstrated in lab - all reagents used and the
purpose of each reagent, all starting materials and ending products of respiration by yeast, and any
chemical detection reagent used. Be able to interpret the results obtained from the experiments that were
performed and demonstrated. What would have happened if the yeast had been boiled before use?
7. Know the role that enzymes play in increasing the rate of chemical reactions. What is the scientific
term for this type of activity? Where on the enzyme molecule does this important activity take place?
Know the action of urease – what does it do? What is the term used for the inactivation of an enzyme by
heat or incorrect pH? What are controls? – be able to recognize controls in an experiment. Be able to
interpret the results of a timed enzyme assay as substrate is converted into product.