The Effect of a Token Economy on Workout Attendance During the Baltimore Ravens
2003 Strength and Conditioning Program
Paul Ricci
July 2004
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a token economy on workout
attendance during the Baltimore Ravens 2003 off-season strength and conditioning
program. This was a quasi-experimental study which followed the pre test /post test
design for a control and experimental group. The fifty-six participants in this study were
professional football players from the Baltimore Ravens, ranging in age from twenty to
thirty-five years old. The Ravens players were invited to participate in the 2003 offseason strength and conditioning program and were informed that they would receive a
blue dot on the wall chart for each workout they completed (treatment). At the conclusion
of the fourteen-week off-season strength and conditioning program, a two-tailed
independent group’s t-test was conducted to determine if the mean differences in number
of workouts per week between the control (2002) and experimental (2003) groups were
statistically significant. Results indicated that the difference between those two means
were not statistically significant.