How to cite information within the text:
In parentheses after the quote or paraphrase, give the author or author’s last name(s), the
year, and the page number(s).
The rate of prescription opiate narcotics abuse is rising among the general
population (Freedman, 2002, p. 263).
The rate of prescription opiate narcotics abuse is rising among the general
population (Freedman, Smith, and Boyd, 2002, p. 263).
If there are more than 3 authors, the first time information is cited, you must list all authors’
last names, the year, and the page number(s). All subsequent citations by the authors is listed with
the first author’s last name and “et al.” followed by the year and the page number(s).
The rate of prescription opiate narcotics abuse is rising among the general
population (Freedman, Smith, Boyd, Lyons, Jones, and Williams, 2002, p. 263).
The rate of prescription opiate narcotics abuse is rising among the general
population (Freedman et al., 2002, p. 263).
Notice the period is at the end of the sentence after the citation, not before the citation!
Examples for References
Journal article:
Author’s last name, Initials. (year). Title of journal article. Title of Journal, volume number(issue
number), page range.
Freedman, J. (2002). Prescription opiate narcotics abuse. Journal of Drug Abuse, 12(9),
259-270.
If there are multiple authors, list the last name and initials for all authors in the order that it’s listed
on the article. Don’t put the names in a single journal article in alphabetical order.
Freedman, J., Smith, D. C., Boyd, K., & Lyons, A.
Journal article with extended date:
Freedman, J. (2002, May 12). Prescription opiate narcotics abuse. Journal of Drug Abuse,
12(9), 259.
Book:
Author’s last name, Initials. (year). Title of book. Place of publication: Publisher.
Highmore, B. (2001). Everyday life and cultural theory. New York: Routledge.
Book with editors:
Bronfen, E., & Kavka, M. (Eds.). (2001). Feminist consequences: Theory for a new century.
New York: Columbia University Press.
Additional edition of a book:
Helfer, M. E., Keme, R. S., & Drugman, R. D. (1997). The battered child (5th ed.). Chicago:
University of Chicago Press.
Alphabetize the author’s on the reference page by the name of the first author of each
journal article.
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