Co-product Feeds are “Taylor Made”
for Sheep
Jeff Held
SDSU Extension Sheep Specialist
Co-products for Livestock
• Ethanol industry coproducts (dry-milling)
– Distillers Grain w/solubles (DDGS, MDGS, WDGS)
– CCDS (“syrup”)
• Corn sweetner industry co-products (wet-milling)
– Corn Gluten Feed (CGF)
• Soyhulls (SH)
• Beet Pulp
• Wheat Middlings (“Midds”)
Why consider co-products for sheep
 Cost
 Energy and crude protein (cents/lb)
 Forage substitution
 Animal performance
 Growth and lactation
Co-product Concerns and Conditions
 Handling and Storage
 Unique Nutrient Profiles
Minerals -phosphorus, sulfur, copper
Level of fat
What are dried distillers grains with
solubles?
• The dry-mill ethanol production process uses only
the starch portion of the corn, which is about 70% of
the kernel. All the remaining nutrients – protein, fat,
minerals, and vitamins – are concentrated into
distillers grain.
• A bushel of corn will produce at least 2.8 gallons of
ethanol and 18 pounds of distillers grain.
Distillers Grain with Solubles (DDGS)
 28 - 30% CP (35% DIP)
 0.8 % phosphorus
 0.4-0.8 % sulfur
 8-10 % fat
Modified Distiller’s Grains
Condensed Corn Distillers Solubles (CCDS)
30-50 % dry matter
20-30 % crude protein
0.8 % phosphorus
0.7 % sulfur
10-20 % fat
**Added back to
distillers grain at 10 - 20%
Corn Gluten Feed
19-22% CP (80% DIP)
 0.9 % phosphorus
 0.4-1.0 % sulfur
 2 % fat
Soyhulls
10-12 % Crude Protein
0.2 % phosphorus
0.2 % sulfur
2.0 % fat
Beet Pulp
7 % Crude Protein
0.1 % phosphorus
0.2 % sulfur
0.6 % fat
Wheat Middlings
18 % CP
1.05 % phosphorus
0.21 % sulfur
3.5 % fat
25 % starch
Summary - Coproduct Nutrient Composition
Item
Corn
DDGS
CGF
CCDS
SH
DM
90
90
90
40
90
TDN %
88
90
80
90
77
CP %
9
30
20
25
12
Fat %
4
10
2
15
2
Ca %
0.02
0.28
0.10
0.14
0.55
P%
0.30
0.80
0.90
1.7
0.17
S%
0.12
0.40
0.33
0.60
0.20
Cu ppm
3
6
6
NA
14
**Expect significant plant to plant
variation for CP and minerals
DDGS - Variability
From University of Minnesota DDGS website
www.ddgs.umn.edu/nutrient%20profiles/album-us/index.htm
Common Characteristics of Co-products
 Energy and protein rich feeds
highly fermentable fiber carbohydrates (NDF, ADF)
low starch content reduces acidosis risk
 Limitations on livestock diet formulation
mineral profile
fat content
 Practical storage, handling and local availability will determine
feasibility for incorporation into a feeding system.
 Sheep producers should consider dry stored coproducts that are
economically valued.
 These coproducts are valued as energy feeds versus corn.
DDGS – practical and cost effective
185 ethanol plants
US Ethanol Production
11000
Under Construction/Expanding
10000
Current
35 mil tons DDGS
9000
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
2008
2009
2005
2006
2007
2002
2003
2004
1999
2000
2001
1996
1997
1998
1993
1994
1995
1990
1991
1992
1987
1988
1989
1984
1985
1986
1981
1982
1983
0
1980
Ethanol production, mgy
12000
Year
Renewable Fuels Association, 2009
Where does DDGS fit into
Sheep Diets?????
DDGS Research-Lactating Ewes
• Protein- suckling lamb growth response
similar for DDGS and SBM supplemented
diets (Univ. of Kentucky)
• Energy- DDGS substituted for corn at 2 lb
per head, 25 % of diet DM resulted in a slight
positive performance response in triplet
reared lambs. (Iowa State Univ.)
• Recommended maximum inclusion:
– 2 lb/hd/d or 25% of dietary DM
South Dakota State University
DDGS Research-Lactation Diets
• SDSU Lactation Trial
– DDGS and soyhulls replacing hay to
increase energy density during lactation
Results:
 Higher milk production
 Higher lamb gain
 Excellent health status
DDGS Research-Lamb Mixed Diets
•
Few studies with lambs fed DDGS in US
– SDSU conducted 1st feeding trial in 2004
– Response to producer inquiry
•
Restrictions include meal form of product and
mineral considerations – phosphorus
•
Designed simple mixed diet formulation guidelines
for on-site application
» SDSU Extension publication
EXEX 2053
Mixed Ration using DDGS
Whole Corn
MDGS
Liquid
Supplement
South Dakota State University
DDGS Research-Lamb Diets
• SDSU Lamb Finishing Trials*
– DDGS substitution for SBM
– DDGS and corn or soyhulls
 Mixed ingredient diets
 Completely pelleted
*ad-lib feeding management
Use of Dried Distillers Grains with
Solubles in Lamb Diets
SDSU Sheep Research and Extension
Using Dried Distillers Grains as a
Protein and Energy Source in Market
Lamb Diets
T. Hulls, A. Bartosh, R. Zelinsky, J. A.
Daniel and A. Wertz-Lutz
Experimental Diets
Corn-SBM
Ingredient
Soybean hulls
Corn-DDGS
% (DMB)
10.0
10.0
----
22.9
Soybean meal
10.2
----
Corn
75.3
62.3
Dried Molasses
2.4
2.4
Limestone
1.5
1.7
TM salt
0.1
0.1
0.5
0.5
DDGS
Ammonium chloride
Diets were formulated to be 14.5 % crude protein and isocaloric
Growth Performance
Corn-SBM
Corn-DDGS
SE
P<
Pens per treatment
5
5
-
-
Lambs per pen
4
4
-
-
Lambs per treatment
20
20
-
-
Initial wt., lbs.
95.5
95.5
0.54
0.97
Final wt., lbs
136.5
136.2
0.77
0.88
ADG, lbs/d
0.64
0.64
0.01
0.80
Average DM intake, lb/d
3.6
3.5
0.02
0.90
Feed : Gain
5.6
5.5
0.04
0.26
Carcass Merit
Corn-SBM
Corn-DDGS
SE
P<
20
20
-
-
Hot carcass wt, lb.
73.3
73.3
0.40
0.96
Back fat, in.
0.20
0.23
0.01
0.12
Body wall thickness, in.
0.96
0.97
0.03
0.86
Ribeye area, in.2
3.0
2.8
0.06
0.15
Dressing %
54
54
0.39
0.76
Boneless closelytrimmed retail cuts, %
46.7
46.2
0.18
0.07
Yield grade
2.4
2.4
0.14
0.80
Lambs per treatment
Conclusions –Huls., et. al.
• DDGS can be used as a protein and energy
source in lamb finishing diets
Excellent lamb growth performance and
carcass merit
Excellent health status
• However to be most cost effective should
evaluate DDGS in a mixed ingredient diet
The effect of corn or soybean hull
diets supplemented with DDGS in
mixed diets on finishing lamb
performance and carcass merit
R. Zelinsky, J. A. Daniel, and J.E. Held
Experimental Design
• 80 white-faced and brockle-faced wethers and ewe lambs
• Conducted December 23, 2004 at 92 days of age (range 79 to
105) and fed for 64 days after a 7-d adaptation period
• Eight feeding pens with 10 lambs per pen
• Feed disappearance was recorded to calculate intake and feed
to gain ratio. Average daily gain was determined in 3 wk
intervals.
• Lambs were slaughtered and carcass data collected at a
commercial packing plant. (Iowa Lamb Corp)
Experimental Diets
• Diets were formulated to contain 14 % crude protein
Corn diet
Soy hull diet
DDGS
17%
17%
Cracked Corn
76%
----
Pelleted soybean hulls
----
76%
Limestone
2%
2%
Liquid molasses
2%
2%
White salt
1%
1%
Commercial micro mineral and
vitamin mix
0.25%
0.25%
Deccox
0.1%
0.1%
Ammonium chloride
0.5%
0.5%
Growth and Performance Data
Corn diet
Soy hull diet
P-value
Initial weight (lbs)
78.7 ± 1.5
78.1 ± 1.6
0.7098
Final weight (lbs)
127.6 ± 2.0
128.6 ± 2.0
0.6489
Average daily gain
(lbs/day)
0.77 ± 0.02
0.79 ± 0.02
0.3412
Feed intake
(lbs/head/day)
4.08 ± 0.2
4.86 ± 0.26
0.0276
Feed to gain ratio
5.13 ± 0.30
5.62 ± 0.21
0.0957
Fines (lbs/head)
0.42 ± 0.02
0.25 ± 0.03
0.0056
Corn Based (L)
Soyhull Based Diets (R)
Carcass Data
Corn diet
Soy hull diet
P-value
Back Fat
0.28 ± 0.01
0.26 ± 0.01
P = 0.2346
Bodywall thickness
1.08 ± 0.03
1.08 ± 0.03
P = 0.9097
Ribeye area
2.76 ± 0.05
2.74 ± 0.08
P = 0.5997
Hot carcass weight
69.0 ± 1.2
68.7 ± 1.2
P = 0.9203
USDA yield grade
3.2 ± 0.1
3.0 ± 0.1
P = 0.5028
USDA quality grade
Choice
Choice
P = 0.9355
Conclusions - Zelinsky, et.al.
• DDGS was shown to be an excellent choice
in mixed lamb finishing diet formulation.
ADG at 0.78 lb/d met or exceeded
expectations for growth performance.
• Residual feed (waste) for the soybean hull
diet was approximately 40% of the corn diet.
• Soybean hulls fed to lambs consistently have
higher intake compared to grain based diets.
DDGS Considerations - Lamb Feeding
Residual feed waste in mixed ingredient diets
- Adds more labor and feed cost
- Diet sorting alters animal nutrient consumption
Diet formulation must account for high levels of:
Phosphorus - protect against urinary calculi
- maintain Ca:P at 2:1 (P < 0.4%)
- add ammonium chloride at 0.5% of dietary DM
Sulfur – total dietary levels >0.3% risk for (PEM)
- add 10 mg thiamine per lb of dietary DM
DDGS RecommendationsLamb Feeding
•
Up to 20% of dietary DM is practical
– 16 % CP growing or finishing mixed diet.
•
Mixed diet with DDGS is ideal for bunk fed lambs,
can use in ad lib feeding system.
•
Must have high management skills
•
DDGS and pelleted soyhulls compliment
– Ca:P ratio and lower residual feed versus
corn/DDGS
DDGS Summary
Lamb Feeding
• DDGS use in lamb finishing diets promotes
excellent lamb growth performance, carcass
merits and health status.
• DDGS and soyhulls can serve as the sole
energy, protein and fiber sources in lamb
finishing diets.
For more details on SDSU Sheep
DDGS Research
Principal Investigators:
Zelinsky, R.D., Wertz-Lutz, A.E. and J.E. Held
SDSU Animal and Range Sciences
http://ars.sdstate.edu/sheepext/publications.htm
EX EX 2052 and 2053