Appendix A: BAS Committee List Name Dr. Stephanie Etter Ms. Gloria Baez Ms. Estrella Iglesias Ms. Nora Cooper Mr. Ivan Figueroa Ms. Teddie Laing Mr. Alexander Perez-Pons Ms. Thania Rios Ms. Sol Gonzalez Dr. Morris Knapp Dr. Chris Rogers MDC School of Business BAS Supervision and Management, 60 Title School Director, School of Business Dean, Administrative Services Interim Associate Academic Dean Campus Registrar Chairperson, Business Department Chairperson, Business Department Chairperson, Business Department Chairperson, Business Department Director, New Student Center Professor, Business Department Professor, Business Department Appendix B: BAS Committee Minutes BAS Supervision and Management Proposal Committee Meeting November 1st, 2007 Kendall, K424 2:30pm Minutes 1. Stephanie Etter welcomed the group and distributed materials from the College Wide training, explaining key points of the training including the need for an executive summary first and foremost. 2. Distribution of BSN Proposal/Discussion a. The approved BSN proposal was distributed as an example of a completed proposal and discussed. The committee highlighted all of the areas that would be similar in terms of data collection, surveys, support from industry. 3. Discussion of DBCC Program Highlights a. The BAS with a major in Supervision and Management from Daytona Beach Community College was discussed. The structure of the program, the courses included and the entrance requirements were highlighted and it was determined that the committee would not pursue exactly the same structure in terms of tracks. 4. Subcommittees a. Workforce Needs/Demand/Impact i. Teddie Laing ii. Alex Pons b. K-20 Alignment i. Stephanie Etter ii. Thania Rios c. Academic Content/Curriculum/Accreditation i. Morris Knapp ii. Chris Rogers iii. Ivan Figueroa iv. Ana Cruz v. Stephanie Etter vi. Nora Cooper d. Resources/Enrollment/Performance/Budget i. Gloria Baez ii. Stephanie Etter iii. Estrella Iglesias iv. Sol Gonzalez MDC School of Business BAS Supervision and Management, 61 5. Writing. All subcommittee drafts will be forwarded to both Thania Rios, who will combine the efforts and attempt to write them in one voice, with a CC to Stephanie Etter 6. Timeline a. The timeline provided by Mollie DeHart was distributed with additional deadlines added for subcommittee work. 7. Location a. Rationale was discussed for starting the degree at the Kendall campus before a possible roll out to all other campuses. Having the most full time faculty, most doctorally prepared faculty, largest business enrollment, most space and most staffing resources, the campus was thought to be a logical place to start the program. MDC School of Business BAS Supervision and Management, 62 BAS Supervision and Management Proposal Committee Meeting November 13th, 2007 Kendall, K425 2:30pm Minutes 1. Subcommittee Updates a. Workforce Needs/Demand/Impact (T., Laing, A. Perez-Pons) i. Teddie and Alex asked for clarification on the types of data needed. Stephanie advised that specific workforce region 23 was requested including data on jobs that would specifically benefit from the proposed degree. ii. Teddie & Alex explained the difficulty they have had in locating the data. It was suggested that they start with the Florida Workforce websites and the targeted occupations list for Region 23. iii. Stephanie volunteered to contact Rick Beasley at South Florida workforce in hopes of receiving his assistance and support for the degree. b. K-20 Alignment (T. Rios) i. Thania explained that she was still working on the K-20 alignment section and has no questions or discussion points at this time. c. Academic Content/Curriculum/Accreditation (I. Figueroa, M. Knapp, C. Rogers, N. Cooper, A. Cruz) i. The subcommittee has begun to explore possible courses for inclusion and had started drafting the curriculum. They are still in the early phases of work and are waiting for input from the advisory board, industry surveys and employer feedback. d. Resources/Enrollment/Performance/Budget (E. Iglesias, S. Gonzalez, G. Baez, S. Etter) i. The subcommittee presented a draft of the current resources available in terms of classrooms, technology, library collections and staffing. ii. It was decided that, based on current room utilization, addition space would not be needed at the Kendall campus. 2. Survey Input i. Teddie was named as a liaison with institutional research and she will be forwarding our survey draft for their feedback. ii. The committee reviewed and discussed the proposed questions for the alumni, employer and student surveys. Several changes were made. MDC School of Business BAS Supervision and Management, 63 3. Executive Summary Discussion a. The first draft of the executive summary, based on previously approved proposals, was discussed with the committee. It was determined that, after a few additional changes, it would be ready for submission to the Academic Programs office. 4. Updates to Timeline a. Subcommittees were reminded of their deadlines. The final deadline for the executive summary is moved up one week to allow the Academic Dean and Campus president time to review the material before it would be sent to the Academic Programs Office MDC School of Business BAS Supervision and Management, 64 BAS Supervision and Management Proposal Committee Meeting November 29th, 2007 Kendall, K425 2:30pm Minutes 1. Review/Approval of Survey a. Discussion of Survey Process: Teddie reported that the survey was not yet provided to IR as the committee as not yet in agreement on its content. The survey will need to be submitted to IR soon as it will take them a few weeks to provide feedback, revise and create online. 2. Subcommittee Reports a. Workforce Needs/Demand/Impact i. Teddie presented information related to the need for the BAS-SM on a nation wide scale. ii. The committee discussed presenting idea for the degree to the School of Business Advisory Committee in January for their input iii. Committee members were asked to create lists of potential employers who would be willing to provide input either through survey or interview b. K-20 Alignment i. No report c. Academic Content/Curriculum/Accreditation i. The committee was advised to create the curriculum based on the template provide by Mollie DeHart’s office. ii. The committee debated the required 1000 & 2000 level course work, with some believing that statistics, economics and accounting should all be required while others believed that the real world focus of the degree would lend itself to the need for accounting. d. Resources/Enrollment/Performance/Budget i. The committee has drafted a list of resources, including staffing, that would be needed for the new degree. The majority of these resources were library and classroom technology. ii. Stephanie Etter discussed the additional need for doctorally prepared faculty, especially if we plan to pursue ABCSP accreditation. 3. Executive Summary vs Proposal a. Now that the executive summary phase is closing, we need to move forward with looking at the entire proposal. Sections of the proposal were divided among the subcommittee, deadlines assigned. The committee will not meet again until next year. MDC School of Business BAS Supervision and Management, 65 Appendix C: Informal Focus Group Summary Informal Focus Group Sessions Questions and Results Informal focus groups were conducted January 7 – 11, 2008 at the Homestead, North, Kendall and Wolfson campuses to determine student interest in a possible BAS with a major in Supervision and Management. Students, selected from general education courses within the School of Business, were guaranteed anonymity. Department Chairpersons Thania Rios, Ivan Figueroa, Teddie Laing and Ana Cruz coordinated the focus groups. Questions asked of each focus group: 1. Are you planning to pursue a Baccalaureate degree after completing an Associate degree program? 2. If MDC offered a Bachelor in Applied Science degree in Business Supervision and Management, would you enroll? 3. In what ways does MDC excel over other colleges? 4. If you plan to pursue a Baccalaureate degree after completing an Associate degree program but would not enroll in a Baccalaureate offered by MDC, what would your primary reasons be for choosing another school over MDC? Summary Results (compiled) 68 out of 80 students planned to pursue a back degree 46 out of 80 students would be interested in enrolling in a BAS in Supervision and Management at MDC When asked how MDC excels over other colleges, the following answers were provided most often by students: i. Cost ii. Location iii. Scheduling Options iv. Faculty Some other answers to this question were: i. Reputation – Word of mouth (recommended by family/friends) ii. Good Advisors iii. Financial Aid was better at MDC iv. Friends attending MDC v. MDC had the majors students were interested in vi. Didn’t want to leave home/family When asked reasons for selecting another college over MDC’s 4 year programs, the following answers were provided: i. Not interested in the 4 year programs we have/don’t have the major students want ii. You don’t get the real college experience at MDC like you would at Universities MDC School of Business BAS Supervision and Management, 66 iii. No dorms iv. Want to leave Miami v. Want to attend where friends/relatives are attending MDC School of Business BAS Supervision and Management, 67 Appendix D: Student Survey Results MDC School of Business BAS Supervision and Management, 68 MDC School of Business BAS Supervision and Management, 69 MDC School of Business BAS Supervision and Management, 70 MDC School of Business BAS Supervision and Management, 71 Appendix E: Student Survey School of Business Proposed BAS Business Supervision and Management Student Survey 1. In which MDC degree or certificate program are you currently enrolled? ___ Associate in Arts (AA) ___ Associate in Science (AS) ___Associate in Applied Science (AAS) ___ College Credit Certificate ___Other Please specify ________________________ 2. Are you planning to pursue a Baccalaureate degree after completing an Associate degree program? ___ Yes ___No If yes to question 2, complete the following questions: 3. If MDC offered a Bachelor in Applied Science degree in Business Supervision and Management, would you enroll? ___Yes ___No 4. Please indicate the school you would most likely attend in Florida to pursue a Bachelor in Applied Science degree in Business Supervision and Management. ___Miami Dade College ___Florida International University ___Florida Atlantic University ___University of Miami ___University of Central Florida ___Other Please specify ________________________ 5. In what ways does MDC excel over other colleges with similar programs? Check all that apply. ___Faculty ___Reputation/quality of educational programs ___Flexibility in scheduling courses ___Student support services ___Location ___Cost ___Other 6. If MDC offered a Bachelor in Applied Science degree in Business Supervision and Management, which campus would be your first choice? ___Hialeah ___Homestead ___InterAmerican ___Kendall ___Medical Center ___North ___Wolfson ___West 7. When do you prefer to take classes? ___ Morning ___ Afternoon ___Evening ___ Weekend MDC School of Business BAS Supervision and Management, 72 8. Would you be interested in taking the Bachelor in Applied Science degree in Business Supervision and Management courses on-line? ____ Yes ____ No ____Not sure 9. How many credits have you completed towards an MDC degree or certificate? ___ 1-15 ___16-30 ___ 31-45 ___46-60 ___ More than 60 10. What is your racial/ethnic group? ___ Asian/Pacific Islander ___ Black non-Hispanic ___ Hispanic ___ White non-Hispanic ___Other 11. What is your gender? ___ Female ___ Male 12. What is your age? ___Under 18 ___ 18-20 ___ 21-25 ___26-35 ___Over 35 MDC School of Business BAS Supervision and Management, 73 Appendix F: Industry Survey School of Business Proposed BAS Business Supervision and Management Employer Survey 1. Please indicate which characteristics you consider when making the decision to hire graduates from the local colleges or universities. Check all that apply. ___ Reputation of institution ___ Length of program/degree level ___Applicant’s technical/work-related education and experience ___Applicant’s general education courses and foundation ___Other ______________________ 2. When evaluating applications for supervisory or management positions, would you rather hire someone with a (n) (select one) ___ High School Diploma ___Associate’s degree ___ Bachelor’s degree ___Master’s degree ___Other _____________________ 3. Have you hired people with an Associate degree in the past? ___Yes ___No 4. Are there positions in your organization for which a Bachelor’s Degree in Business Supervision and Management is desirable? ___Yes ___No 5. Do you provide additional training for Associate degree graduates after hiring? ___Yes ___No 6. Do you offer opportunities for employees to continue their education? ___Yes ___No 7. If MDC offered a Bachelor’s of Applied Science Degree in Business Supervision and Management, how many employees do you think would be interested? _______________ 8. Approximately how many new positions will you be hiring for over the next 3-5 years? ___ Associate’s degree level ___Bachelor’s degree level Please provide suggestions related to the proposed Bachelor’s of Applied Science Degree in Business Supervision and Management. MDC School of Business BAS Supervision and Management, 74 Appendix G: Alumni Survey School of Business Proposed BAS Business Supervision and Management Alumni Survey 1. Are you currently employed? ___ Yes ___ No If Yes, How related is your job to the business field? ___ Very ___Somewhat ___ Not at All 2. Which of the following best describes your primary position in your current job? ___Staff ___Supervisor ___Manager ___ Executive ___ Other Please specify ____________________________________ 3. If employed in your field of study, how well did MDC prepare you for your current position? ___Excellent Preparation ___Good Preparation ___Fair Preparation ___Poor Preparation ___ Not employed in field 4. Have you enrolled in another college or university since graduating from MDC? ___Yes, to pursue a Bachelor’s degree ___Yes, other ___No 5. Have you completed a Bachelor’s degree? ___Yes ___No 6. If MDC offered a Bachelor’s degree in Business Supervision and Management, would you enroll? ___Yes ___No 7. If interested in earning a bachelor’s degree in Business Supervision and Management, please indicate the college you would most likely attend. . ___ Miami Dade College ___Florida International University ___Florida Atlantic University ___University of Miami ___University of Central Florida ___Other Please specify _______________________________ 8. In what ways does MDC excel over other colleges with similar programs? Check all that apply. ___ Faculty ___Reputation/quality of educational programs ___Flexibility in scheduling courses ___Student support services ___Location MDC School of Business BAS Supervision and Management, 75 ___Cost ___Other 9. If you returned to MDC to pursue a BAS, when you prefer to take classes? ___ Morning ___ Afternoon ___Evening ___ Weekend 10. Would you be interested in taking a bachelor’s degree in Business Supervision and Management courses online? ___ Yes ___No ___ Not sure 11. What is your racial/ethnic group? ___ Asian/Pacific Islander ___Black non-Hispanic ___ Hispanic ___ White non-Hispanic ___Other 12. What is your gender? ___ Female ___ Male 13. What is your age? ___Under 18 ___ 18-20 ___ 21-25 ___26-35 ___Over 35 MDC School of Business BAS Supervision and Management, 76 Appendix H: Alumni Survey Results MDC School of Business BAS Supervision and Management, 77 MDC School of Business BAS Supervision and Management, 78 MDC School of Business BAS Supervision and Management, 79 MDC School of Business BAS Supervision and Management, 80 Appendix I: Advisory Board Members Name Ms. Barbara Carr Mr. Athan "Buster" Castiglia Ms. Lillian Cosio Mr. Juan Del Busto Mr. Lester Eljaiek Mr. Charles Henriques Ms. Alice Horn Mr. Barry Johnson Mr. Manuel Lasaga Ms. Claudia Pertierra Dr. Craig Wilson Mr. Alvin West Ms. Jeanne Westphal MDC School of Business BAS Supervision and Management, 81 Title at Company • Company Name Vice President Miami Leadership Office State Farm Insurance Co. CEO & President BBU Bank Financial Services Professional New York Life Insurance Co. Vice President and Branch Manager Federal Reserve Chief Financial Officer Aventura Hospital and Medical Center CPA Charles Henriques, CPA Executive Director NFTE South Florida President & CEO Greater Miami Chamber of Commerce President StratInfo Account Supervisor Zubi Advertising President & CEO StarWorks Interactive, Inc. Sr. Vice President and CFO Greater Miami Convention and Visitors Bureau Executive Director Hospitality Institute Appendix J: Notes from Meetings with Small Businesses Notes from Miami Chamber of Commerce Interviews Interviewed by: Stephanie Etter, Thania Rios and Ivan Figueroa MDC School of Business February 7, 2008 11:22 am Mariso Feito, Chair of Small Business Committee President & CEO, Innovica A bachelors degree is important, but looks for skills beyond the degree Communication skills essential The ability to work in teams is something that managers need, not always to lead a team but to work well within a team as well. Should incorporate team building and team management skills in curriculum, but also how to work within a team and understand how to deal with situations that are not in the control of only one person. Work ethic and motivation play key roles in hiring managers Attitude of applicant is significant Unsure how many management positions the company may hire over the next few years, have hired a variety of degree levels in management positions in the past, but a bachelors or higher seems to get more attention Completed Survey. February 12, 2008 10:40 am Jack Lowell, Chair of the Chamber’s Education Committee Vice Chairman, Flagler Development Group The best way to make the curriculum meet the needs of the workforce is to interface with on the job activities. Recommendation to establish a network of managers and executives who would be willing to serve as mentors and provide each student or group of students with a mentor. Relationships will be key, so they should be developed either through mentorship or through an apprenticeship/internship. A bachelors degree is important to have when applying for management positions, although not sure if all managers in his organization have a bachelors degree or higher. MDC School of Business BAS Supervision and Management, 82 Human Resources is essential to the new program, teaching managers about the ins and outs of HR is a real life skill that can be applied no matter what business. Completed survey. February 12, 2008 Jose Diaz, Vice Chair of the Small Business Committee Manager & Founder, Compass Office Solutions What’s absent from a lot of curriculum is performance management. Should teach our students in the new program how to create measurable expectations and manage those expectations Hiring and firing process is important, will help with the legal stuff. Goes back to managing performance of those who report to you. If you can teach students how to do this while in college, managers would be much more prepared for the real world There is a disconnect between management and revenue generation. It would help if managers came prepared with more math and logic skills and have an understanding of how simple calculations really apply to the business world. If the “logic is missing,” the person will not get a job offer with his company June 23, 2008 Julie Grimes Owner, PH Hotels Employees would be provided with a career ladder Provide a way for line level employees to advance Practical, hands on is needed May have internship availability depending on School’s need Sees a connection with the hospitality institute and its graduates. This degree would add another step in their career pathway Offered letter of support if needed Very excited to hear we are pursuing this degree Would like to help in any way she can July 9, 2008 Robert Lacle- July 9, 2008 3PM meeting. General Manager, Miami DoubleTree Grand Hotel Employees need this type of opportunity, especially those in entry level positions Offered letter of support MDC School of Business BAS Supervision and Management, 83 Will meet the needs of employers in hotel industry Would like to offer the program internally to some of his employees when the program becomes available July 10, 2008 Lazaro Diaz, Owner & President Finest Towing BAS-SM is very practical, in particular because someone can couple technical expertise with a management background His administrative team has technical expertise that could be enhanced with management skills He noted that many times they lack management skills which posses periodic problems in the Would definitely hire someone with a BAS in Supervision and Management if position were available. MDC School of Business BAS Supervision and Management, 84 Appendix K: Employer Survey Results MDC School of Business BAS Supervision and Management, 85 MDC School of Business BAS Supervision and Management, 86 MDC School of Business BAS Supervision and Management, 87 MDC School of Business BAS Supervision and Management, 88 Appendix L: Minutes of School of Business Advisory Committee School of Business Advisory Committee Meeting Tuesday, January 15, 2008 8:10 am Wolfson Campus Present: Barbara Carr, Ana Cruz, Stephanie Etter, Juan Del Busto, Connie Laguna, Teddie Laing, Manuel Lasaga, Claudia Pertierra, Thania Rios, Michelle Vautier, Jeanne Westphal, Maria White, Craig Wilson MINUTES Citigroup Grant – Dr. Ana Cruz announced that the School of Business was awarded a grant in the amount of $20,000 from the Citigroup Foundation to educate small business owners on how to run their businesses more effectively and efficiently. The training will be done through a series of nine workshops to be held at the Wolfson Campus. She is presently recruiting approximately ten firms to participate in this program. Bachelor’s of Applied Science in Supervision and Management - Dr. Stephanie Etter reported that the School of Business is applying for a BAS in Supervision and Management and asked the board for their input on curriculum competencies, and to provide feedback about the workforce needs of the community, specifically Region 23 which is Miami-Dade and Monroe counties. Discussion ensued with Mr. Juan Del Busto stating the significant need for the degree and for public speaking and management skills in today’s workforce. He agreed to send us a synopsis of his management concept. Ms. Michelle Vautier, representing Ms. Alice Horn of NFTE, suggested offering cohort courses, with students working as a group at weekly scheduled classes and a program manager to guide and assist the students along the way. Dr. Craig Wilson reiterated her views stressing the importance of making it easy and convenient for students to navigate through the program. Ms. Claudia Pertierra suggested that focus groups be conducted with students as well as employers. Mr. Manuel Lasaga requested that we provide more clarity of this degree by way of a written document. Hospitality Institute – Ms. Jeanne Westphal is currently working with local hotels, the Hospitality/Business department at MDC, Camillus House, and other community based organizations to provide soft skill training and job opportunities in the hospitality industry to homeless and disadvantaged individuals in our community. Ms. Westphal is the newly appointed Executive Director of the Hospitality Institute. She will provide us with her new contact information. Travel and Tourism – Dr. Etter requested volunteers to serve on an ad-hoc committee that will review the program that may need updated with current industry practices and procedures in order to make it more viable. She asked the board for their input on curriculum and suggestions to enhance the program. Ms. Teddie Laing agreed to email the current curriculum to Ms. Westphal for review. Ms. Westphal agreed to be part of a focus group and to assist the School of recruiting industry experts for this initiative. MDC School of Business BAS Supervision and Management, 89 Chairperson – Dr. Etter announced that a new chairperson for the Advisory Board needs to be elected and opened the floor for nominations. It was decided that since not all members of the board were present, that an email will be sent out requesting nominations. A roster with members’ contact information will be sent as an attachment. Other – Ms. Connie Laguna suggested that we set the meeting dates for the entire year so members can plan accordingly. Ms. Vautier extended an invitation to attend the Pathway to Entrepreneurship Summit sponsored by NFTE on February 12, 2008 at the Westin Colonnade Hotel in Coral Gables. The event will be from 7:30 – 10:30 am. Dr. Cruz distributed a list of the Volunteer Income Tax Assistance Centers at MDC and reminded the board that we are currently providing this service to our community. Dr. Etter welcomed our newest member of the Advisory Board, Ms. Barbara Carr, who is Vice President of State Farm Insurance Miami Leadership Office. The meeting was adjourned at 9:20 am. School of Business Advisory Committee Meeting Tuesday, May 20, 2008 8:10 am Kendall Campus, Room 2206-2 Present: Barbara Carr, Lillian Cosio, Ana Cruz, Lester Eljaiek, Stephanie Etter, Ivan Figueroa, Alice Horn, Connie Laguna, Teddie Laing, Manuel Lasaga, Thania Rios, Maria White, Craig Wilson MINUTES Dr. Stephanie Etter announced that Mr. Manuel Lasaga was voted as the Chairperson for the School of Business Advisory Committee. Mr. Lasaga accepted the post and thanked the committee members for their vote of confidence. In a brief statement, Mr. Lasaga mentioned, that given all the challenges education is facing today, he is eagerly looking forward to working with the members of the committee in order to better serve both the School as well as the College. Motion was passed to approve the minutes of the January 15, 2008 meeting. Hospitality Institute - Mr. Ivan Figueroa explained that the Hospitality Institute’s objective is to assist displaced individuals in the Overtown area of Miami-Dade by providing skills training and job opportunities. There are currently 116 participants in training for a 3-day session, which ends on May 23rd. MDC School of Business BAS Supervision and Management, 90 Center of Excellence for Customer Service – Mr. Ivan Figueroa reported that the Center‘s focus is on those individuals in the workforce that need re-training in customer service. They currently offer basic skills training, but their goal is to offer opportunities for certification, and eventually, a college degree. A discussion centered around training students on proper business attire, business etiquette, interview skills, and how to measure the effectiveness of this training. Mr. Figueroa assured the committee that each individual will be monitored along the way, so that they can grow professionally. He also agreed to meet with Ms. Alice Horn of NFTE to discuss the offering of training mini-sessions for high school students. Bachelor’s of Applied Science Proposal Update – Dr. Etter announced that a letter of intent from Dr. Padrón has been submitted to the State showing our commitment to developing a baccalaureate’s degree. She furthered explained that MDC is slated to become part of the State College System, a pilot program aimed to increase the number of baccalaureate degrees awarded in the State of Florida. She emphasized the importance and need of support from the industry, and advised the committee members that they will be asked in the near future to provide us with letters of support. Dr. Etter distributed a copy of the proposed classes for the Bachelor of Applied Science in Supervision and Management and opened the floor for feedback and input from the committee members. The following observations were made: 95% to 98% of businesses in Miami-Dade County are composed of 5 people or less. This degree is designed for both individuals entering large businesses and those opening their own businesses. Individuals need management skills as their businesses grow. Important to include an international component as part of the curriculum. Mr. Lasaga congratulated Dr. Etter for her work in developing this degree, which if approved, will start in the Spring of 2010. He asked that all advisory members be sent a copy of the Executive Summary. Proposed Meeting Dates – The proposed meeting dates of August 14, 2008, December 11, 2008 and April 9, 2009 were tentatively approved awaiting comments from members not present. Advisory Committee Planning Workshop – A motion was made by Ms. Barbara Carr to make plans for a Strategic Planning two-hour workshop focusing on the programs and goals of the School of Business for August 2008. Motion was second by Ms. Lillian Cosio. A definite date has yet to be determined. Other – Ms. Alice Horn expressed her gratitude to Miami Dade College for our support of the NFTE program. Dr. Ana Cruz announced that NFTE had recently presented us with a plaque for “Partner of the Year”. The meeting was adjourned at 9:30 am. MDC School of Business BAS Supervision and Management, 91 Appendix L1: Employability Check Up Examples MDC School of Business BAS Supervision and Management, 92 MDC School of Business BAS Supervision and Management, 93