Intro to XML
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XML Markup Languages What does this number (100) mean? – Actually, it’s just a string of characters! – A markup language can be used to distinguish this string of characters from other strings and to add some meaning to it A markup language is simply a computer language of codes and tags (a.k.a. containers) < 100 Markup for Web Pages The standard markup language used to create Web pages is – HTML (HyperText Markup Language) (elements … containers) that a document containing text and data <title> Contains your document’s title</title> <body> Contains your document’s information <center>For centering things</center> <h1>For large text</h1> </body> A HTML (continued) <html> <head> <title> My Web document </title> </head> <body> <center> <h1> My professor’s weight is 100</h1> </center> </body> </html> HTML is used to but HTML cannot be used by other applications because it XML: eXtensible Markup Language Extensible: that which can be extended, it is flexible, and can be added to. XML adds that is being transmitted. – <weight>100</weight> Because XML can be used to businesses are beginning to adopt it as the “new” standard for EDI ( ). XML is directly usable over the Internet and it can be used to store, deliver, and exchange information over and between networks. How Would You Describe A person – – – – – – – – – L First Name A Gender Hair Color W Height Birthdate College Major A building at – N – L – When Built – Architect KSU – Primary College Using the Building A university in the Big 12 – – – – – – N City State Mascot Abbreviation C (primary school color) <?xml version=“1.0”?> <SelectedBig12Universities> – <University> (an XML instance document) <name>Kansas State University</name> <city>Manhattan</city> <state>Kansas</state> <mascot>Wildcat</mascot> <abbreviation> KSU</abbreviation> <color> Purple</color> – </University> – <University> <name> University of Kansas</name> <city>Lawrence</city> <state>Kansas</state> <mascot> Jayhawk </mascot> <abbreviation> KU</abbreviation> <color> Blue</color> I – </University> </SelectedBig12Universities> Instance Document Abbreviation Name Abbreviation Name City Color State Mascot Abbreviation Color City Name State Mascot University University A tree State Mascot University R SelectedBig12Universities City Color element: Selected Big 12 Universities Mid-level elements: individual universities Individual data content Core XML Technologies The XML Instance document –S in a hierarchical format – XML Instance documents are the heart of XML. XML Schemas – Defines the of a and the types of values that elements may hold. – XML Schemas are used to validate the XML instance documents. Someone who has your schema knows what the information that you will be sending them or exchanging with them will look like. XSL (the extensible Stylesheet Language) – Describes how the XML data – Used to convert an XML instance document from one Some of the formatting can be undertaken using HTML. to another. <?xml version=“1.0”?> <SelectedBig12Universities> – <University> An XML Instance Document <name>Kansas State University</name> <city>Manhattan</city> <state>Kansas</state> <mascot>Wildcat</mascot> <abbreviation> KSU</abbreviation> <color> Purple</color> Follows a hierarchical – </University> – <University> <name> University of Kansas</name> <city>Lawrence</city> <state>Kansas</state> <mascot> Jayhawk </mascot> <abbreviation> KU</abbreviation> <color> Blue</color> – </University> </SelectedBig12Universities> format that you can expand or collapse Inventory Schema A description of the that XML instance documents Applications that understand a schema and can process any associated, valid documents. Schemas define the of valid instance documents. Schema in e-business If you are an e-business and you want to share and automatically process xml documents with your business partners, you will need schemas to define the rules that your instance documents follow and the rules that your partners’ documents follow. You will share your schemas with your business partners so that all of you can accurately process each others’ XML documents. X (eXtensible Business Reporting Language) is a specific XML schema that describes the elements/data in Schema in e-business Accounting firms and government agencies are working on Schemas are being developed to facilitate the transfer of financial information between banks, businesses, and customers. e-Businesses are developing schemas to transfer business transaction information via the Internet. The IRS is developing schemas for tax reporting and electronic filing. X (eXtensible Business Reporting Language) is a specific XML schema that describes the elements/data in Language of Love for Mutual Funds XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language) • X is one of the XML schemas ( that documents of a certain type ) • If your organization is required to report data to a regulatory body, they will dictate the rules that you have to follow when doing your reporting. That is where schemas come into play. • If data has been “tagged” using XML/XBRL, then it is very easy to pull relevant data from long reports/filings, and then be able to analyze and compare data across many different sources. – After some sort of computer program is created, with the click of a mouse, an XML processor can retrieve tagged data from whatever data repository it is in The XSL Stylesheet Used to instance documents <?xml version="1.0"?> <xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0"> <xsl:template match = "/"> <HTML> <TABLE BORDER = "1"> <TR> <TH>Item</TH> <TH>Cost</TH> <TH>QOH</TH> <TH>TOTAL</TH></TR> <xsl:for-each select="inventory/item"> <TR> <TD> <xsl:value-of select="name"/> </TD> <TD> <xsl:value-of select="cost"/> </TD> <TD> <xsl:value-of select="qoh"/> </TD> <TD> <xsl:value-of select="cost * qoh"/> </TD></TR> </xsl:for-each> </TABLE> </HTML> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet> XSL Stylesheet 5 row, 4 column table with multiple cells Well-Formed XML Instance Documents Well-formed XML documents can be processed by an XML processor. – Internet Explorer can serve as an XML processor. – XML is also a feature built into Office XP and Office 2003 A well-formed XML document the XML all of – There is one and – Tags must balance – every – XML – upper and lowercase characters are different. – Opening and closing tags must be the same, except the closing tag starts with a slash (/). XML Summary Extensible Markup Language HTML was designed to on how data looks. XML was designed to on what data is. XML Technologies – Instance documents – Schemas and what they must contain) – Stylesheets describe how to XML and to focus and to focus (what they look like is the new foundation/standard
