• http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20071025/ap_ on_re_us/toxic_dump_fears
• http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/environmentcl imateun
• http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20071025/ap_ on_sc/coast_guard_arctic

Image courtesy of United States Marine Corps

• Carbon Dioxide in Atmosphere Increasing
• By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
• Filed at 10:16 p.m. ET October 22, 2007
• NYTimes
• WASHINGTON (AP) -- Just days after the Nobel prize was awarded for global warming work, an alarming new study finds that carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increasing faster than expected.
• Carbon dioxide emissions were 35 percent higher in 2006 than in
1990, a much faster growth rate than anticipated, researchers led by
Josep G. Canadell, of Australia's Commonwealth Scientific and
Industrial Research Organization, report in Tuesday's edition of
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences .

• Hot Air Rises
• Coriolis Force bends moving things to the right in the northern hemisphere
• Cold air holds less water
• Air moves from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure

Hot Air Rises
Air can hold less water at higher altitudes
1. Hot air rises over land due to heating by the sun.
2. The rising air leaves less air in one spot, low pressure forms.
3. Generally, from 3,000 to 5,000 feet, the air cools, high pressure develops.
4. Meanwhile, over the cooler water, air sinks, leaving less air aloft.
5. More air piles up at the surface of the water, high pressure forms.
6. Air moves from high pressure to low pressure.
7. The sea breeze generally forms during the afternoon. This creates a mini cold front that helps lift air upward to create thunderstorms.

Image courtesy of NASA

Image courtesy of atmoz.org

Image courtesy of NASA

• Result of earth spinning
• In Northern Hemisphere, Coriolis Force deflects moving objects to the RIGHT
• Force is proportional to velocity
• Force is a function of latitude (zero at equator)

Westerlies
Trade Winds
Image courtesy of NOAA

Image courtesy of United States Federal Government

Climate driven by Temp and Prec
Images removed due to copyright restrictions.

Image courtesy of NOAA

Normal pattern El Nino Conditions
Image courtesy of United States Federal Government

• Hot Air Rises
• Coriolis Force bends moving things to the right in the northern hemisphere
• Cold air holds less water
• Air moves from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure
• Land warms and cools faster than the ocean

Cold front
Warm front

Image courtesy of NOAA

• Warm Form
– Santa Ana
• Winds from east, high pressure in Great Basin, low pressure over Pacific
• Descending cold, dry winds from Rockies/Sierra Nevadas
• Warms adiabatically in Fall and Winter
– 10C per 1000 m descent
(29C per mile)
– http://www.atmos.ucla.edu/~fo vell/ASother/mm5/SantaAna/S
A03_rhu_nowind.GIF
– Fohn
• Alps  Germany
• Crazy times
Image courtesy of NASA

• Indian Ocean
• Land cools faster than ocean in winter
• Land warms faster than ocean in summer
Image courtesy of Saravask , Wikipedia

Image courtesy of Vaughan Weather , Wikipedia
Image courtesy of Jesús Gómez Fernández , Wikipedia
Image courtesy of Federal Aviation Administration, Wikipedia

• Orographic Winds
• Adiabatic cooling with altitude
• Latent heat released with rain
Image courtesy of Wikipedia

Hurricane Katrina
Image courtesy of NASA

• Coriolis Force
• Pressure Gradient Force
• Strong cyclonic winds circulate counterclockwise in the Northern hemisphere around a low pressure zone
Image courtesy of NASA
LO
Image courtesy of Wikipedia

• Friction slows wind
• CF reduced

• Hot, moist air rises
• Colder,dry air descends
• More buoyancy differences make
“deeper” convectionthunderstorms
• RainBands
Image courtesy of NASA
Images removed due to copyright restrictions.
Image courtesy of NASA
Image courtesy of NASA

• Air spiraling in
• Conservation of angular momentum
– Smaller radius, higher wind velocities
• Air must be exhausted (vented)
• Anticyclone at high altitude
Images removed due to copyright restrictions.

• Inter-Tropical
Convergence
• Drifts off equator  Tropical depression
Images removed due to copyright restrictions.

• Extract latent heat of evaporation leaves cool tracks
Image courtesy of NASA

Image courtesy of NOAA

• Heat from warm ocean
• Cold from land
• Jet Stream disturbance
Images removed due to copyright restrictions.
Image courtesy of NASA