News
• http://www.dailyfueleconomytip.com/creative-ideas/gpssystems-can-cut-your-carbon-footprint-and-yourcommute/
• http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8302161.stm
• http://www.treehugger.com/files/2009/10/coal-plantsdump-thousands-gallons-waste-drinking-waterday.php?dcitc=th_rss
• http://rawstory.com/2009/10/bush-administrationcovered-up-epa-global-warming-finding-email-reveals/
• http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/15/business/energyenvironment/15degrees.html?_r=2&hp
• http://www.boston.com/lifestyle/green/articles/2009/10/1
5/mass_waterway_members_resign_over_safety_issues
/
What features do you notice?
Images removed due to copyright restrictions.
Images removed due to copyright restrictions.
Features
Observations
•
•
•
•
•
•
Earth is 71% under water
Mountain ranges are long lines
Mid-Ocean ridges are long arcs
Trenches
Seamounts
Flat portions of the earth
– Continental shelves
– Ocean bottom
Hypsographic Curve
2005-07-01 13:46 Zyzzy 1040×530× (40680 bytes) Earth's hypsography {{cc-by2.0}}
Images removed due to copyright restrictions.
Plate Tectonics
• Two types of crust
– Oceanic
– Continental
• Convective Mantle (plates move)
– Magnetic Anomalies
– Hot Spots
• Plate Boundaries
– Convergent
– Divergent
– Transform
Plate Tectonics Is
Responsible
Image courtesy of United States Geological Survey
Drawing modified from Montgomery: Environmental
Geology; © 2002, McGraw Hill
Geologic Processes: Structure of
the Earth
Image courtesy of Wikipedia under Creative Commons license
Fig. 4-7 p. 60
Plate Tectonics
Divergent boundary
Convergent boundary
Image courtesy of United States Geological Survey
Subduction zone
Transform fault
Fig. 16-5 p. 336
Refer to Fig. 16-3 p. 334
Image courtesy of United States Geological Survey
Magnetic Anomalies
Images removed due to copyright restrictions.
Convergent Plate Boundaries
Continent-Ocean
Image courtesy of Wikipedia
Fig. 16-2 p. 333
Image courtesy of Wikipedia
Convergent: Ocean-Ocean
Convergent: Continent-Continent
Image courtesy of Wikipedia
Transform
Fault
Image courtesy of
U.S. Geological
Survey
Transform
Fault
Image courtesy of
Lamont-Doherty
Earth Observatory
of Columbia
University
Earth’s Major Tectonic Plates
Source: USGS
Fig. 16-4, p. 335
Pangaea
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Pa
ngea_animation_03.gif
Images removed due to copyright restrictions.
Ring of Fire
Hot Spot Volcanoes
Image courtesy of U.S. Geological Survey
Images removed due to copyright restrictions.
Earth’s Major Tectonic Plates
Image courtesy of U.S. Geological Survey
Fig. 16-4, p. 335
Hydrothermal Vents
Image courtesy of U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Black smoker
White
smoker
Sulfide
deposit
Images removed due to copyright restrictions.
Magma
Tube worms
White crab
White clam
Hydrothermal Vents
Image courtesy of U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Images removed due to copyright restrictions.
External Earth Processes
Erosion
Mechanical weathering
Frost wedging
Chemical weathering
Biological weathering
Natural Hazards: Volcanic Eruptions
Image courtesy of U.S. Geological Survey
Fig. 16-8 p. 338
Minerals and Rocks
Mineral (diamond, quartz)
Rock Types
Igneous (granite, basalt)
Sedimentary (limestone, sandstone)
Metamorphic (marble, slate)
Transport
Erosion
Deposition
Shale, Sandstone,
Limestone
Rock
Cycle
Weathering
Igneous Rock
Granite, Pumice,
Basalt
Sedimentary Rock
Heat,
Pressure
Heat,
Metamorphic Rock
Pressure
Slate, Quartzite,
Marble
Magma
(Molten Rock)
Fig. 16-9 p. 339
Supplies of Mineral Resources
 Economic depletion
 Depletion time
 Foreign sources
 Environmental concerns
Images removed due to copyright restrictions.
 Economics
 New technologies
 Mining the ocean
 Finding substitutes
Fig. 16-16 p. 346