Team UGS:
System Requirements Document (SRD)
Shirin Aminifar
Eddy Gerenski
Amin Mehr
Systems 798 Capstone Project
Prof. Thomas Speller
Fall 2008
Team UGS
SYST 798 Fall 2008
SRD
17 OCT 2008
Table of Contents
1.0
Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 3
1.1
Purpose ......................................................................................................................................... 3
1.2
Business Context ........................................................................................................................... 3
1.3
Scope/Problem Statement............................................................................................................ 3
2.0
General System Description .............................................................................................................. 3
2.1
System Context ............................................................................................................................. 3
2.2
System Modes and States ............................................................................................................. 4
2.3
Major System Capabilities............................................................................................................. 5
2.4
Major System Constraints ............................................................................................................. 5
2.5
Operational Scenarios ................................................................................................................... 5
3.0
System Requirements ....................................................................................................................... 6
3.1
Business Requirements ................................................................................................................. 6
3.1.1
Cost Requirements ................................................................................................................ 6
3.1.2
Market Requirements ........................................................................................................... 6
3.1.3
Supplier/COTS Requirements ............................................................................................... 6
3.2
Functional Requirements .............................................................................................................. 7
3.2.1
Detect Physical Intrusion/Presence ...................................................................................... 7
3.2.2
Locate Intrusion .................................................................................................................... 7
3.2.3
Notify of Intrusion ................................................................................................................. 7
3.3
Non-Functional Requirements ...................................................................................................... 7
3.3.1
Performance Requirements .................................................................................................. 7
3.3.2
Physical Construction ............................................................................................................ 8
3.3.3
Durability ............................................................................................................................... 9
3.3.4
Environmental Conditions..................................................................................................... 9
3.3.5
Operational Requirements.................................................................................................... 9
3.3.6
Safety Requirements ........................................................................................................... 10
3.3.7
Reliability Requirements ..................................................................................................... 10
3.3.8
Other Requirements ........................................................................................................... 10
3.4
Interface Requirements .............................................................................................................. 10
3.4.1
Hardware Interfaces ........................................................................................................... 10
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SYST 798 Fall 2008
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17 OCT 2008
3.4.2
Software Interfaces ............................................................................................................. 10
3.4.3
Communications Interfaces ................................................................................................ 10
3.4.4
External System Interfaces.................................................................................................. 11
3.5
Information Management Requirements ................................................................................... 11
3.6
Policy and Regulation Requirements .......................................................................................... 11
3.7
Lifecycle and Sustainment Requirements ................................................................................... 11
4.0
3.7.1
Supportability ...................................................................................................................... 11
3.7.2
Maintainability .................................................................................................................... 11
Appendix ......................................................................................................................................... 12
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SYST 798 Fall 2008
1.0
Introduction
1.1
Purpose
SRD
17 OCT 2008
The intent of this System Requirements Document (SRD) is to encapsulate the requirements of
the MINUS system based on stakeholder analysis, the system Concept of Operations (CONOPS),
and preliminary conceptual/functional designs. The SRD will follow the functionality defined in
the CONOPS for a future unattended ground system. The requirements here outline the MINUS
system which will later be mapped to a design solution. The design solution will be traced to the
requirements in the SRD and fully detailed in the MINUS Design Specification.
1.2
Business Context
Provide an overview of the business organization sponsoring the development of the system,
including the mission statement and organizational objectives of the business unit.
1.3
Scope/Problem Statement
The team will conduct a feasibility study and preliminary design for future intrusion detection
system utilizing various UGS technologies for unattended ground based surveillance. The
purpose is to determine the necessary minimum constraints and/or requirements to continue
with a large scale project for future use. The team is acting as a contractor independent research
and design team with the intent to investigate a concept for potential future business
development. The end product of this study will be a preliminary design and feasibility study
that will determine whether or not the contractor shall invest more money into the effort
(similar to a government white paper).
2.0
General System Description
2.1
System Context
Operationally the system shall function as an autonomous unattended surveillance system to
provide intrusion detection to open ground areas such as the US – Mexico border. The system
shall be based on mote sensory node technology that will be able to be deployed with minimal
effort and time compared to current UGS systems. The MINUS system will boast the new sensor
mesh Wi-Fi communications technologies to create a self healing, ad-hoc communications
architecture that can cover a large area with large amounts (100+) sensor nodes. Ideally the
system shall blanket an Area of Interest (AOI) with various sensors able to detect sound,
vibration and heat disturbances and relay alerts via Wi-Fi and long haul radios back to a base
station. The system will alert users of potential intrusions and their locations within the AOI.
The overall system concept shall have a very small form factor (less than 3” in diameter) and
very light weight (less than ½ lb each) so they can be deployed in very large numbers with
limited required training, setup time and danger to deployment teams.
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2.2
SRD
17 OCT 2008
System Modes and States
The MINUS system has several different status modes depending on its configuration and current state.
The follow series of “modes” are the critical functions of the system in a standard operational scenario.
The modes of the system shall be integrated into the system algorithms for sensor functionality.
Detect Mode: When the MINUS system is in detect mode, it is actively using its sensors to locate any
signs of physical presence or changes in its environment. In this system state, MINUS is utilizing ground
sensors at full power while minimizing the usage of the communications devices until needed. Detect
Mode is the most common state the sensor nodes shall be in during its operational life and is the critical
functional state of the system.
Locate Mode: When sensor nodes are first activated and deployed the system enters a self locating
mode to determine its geographical position. In this state, the system will utilize GPS receivers and
antennas to actively seek out its latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates and store them for later use.
Alert Mode: Upon detection of a physical presence, the sensor node will go in an alert mode. In alert
mode, the system shall utilize its wireless mesh communications devices to actively transmit its
information to other nodes and relays to the users.
Sleep Mode: Sleep mode functions as a power saving mode where the MINUS system shall remain
powered on but in a dormant state to preserve batteries. In this state the system will not utilize
communications and detection hardware in their full capacity. Sleep mode may also be entered when
low battery life is detected, in order to utilize renewable power sources for rapid system recharging.
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2.3
SRD
17 OCT 2008
Major System Capabilities
The MINUS systems critical capability shall be the usage of ad-hoc wireless communication between
multiple sensor nodes. This capability will allow sensors to communicate to each other and pass on
critical information over long distances without extensive radio range or power consumption (assuming
nodes there are multiple nodes within the network.) The system shall have the capability of detecting
multiple physical intrusions in the area of interest and alert users within a timely manner (via Wi-Fi to
relay communications).
The MINUS system should use various sensor types to detect different forms of intrusion (acoustic,
vibration, thermal, etc.) In addition, the system should provide different levels of customization and
“options” packages. This staged product shall allow users to choose between different price points for
different user requirements.
The MINUS system should bridge the gap of what sensor networks are available now and what is
needed by the users. This system should target lower cost, easier installation and advanced
communications capabilities.
2.4
Major System Constraints
It is understood that this system shall poses some limitations due to technology and given operational
environmental conditions.
It is expected that the system will be designed with today’s available technology. Stakeholders would
like additional information on future technology and way ahead of this product so it will also be
provided in future conceptual design possibilities.
The requirements in this document are the ideal wishes of stakeholders and are assumed to be flexible
within reason. The design team shall attempt to develop the MINUS system as close to the requirements
as possible and evaluate the final design and its overall worth to the users and the company.
2.5
Operational Scenarios
Border Patrol – DHS: Border Patrol agents will first select an AOI along the US Mexico border. The DHS
patrol will then deploy a large amount of sensors (partially random distribution) over the AOI via man or
air deployed. Given the assumed small size of the sensor nodes, and ease of emplacement, DHS will be
able to deploy a large number of these sensors very rapidly compared to conventional UGS systems.
Once the sensors are deployed, a relay will be placed in the area (similar to one of the sensor nodes, but
with a long haul radio capability). This relay will be used to collect MINUS data and relay it back to the
base station. The relay point could be a hard wired antenna system in a border patrol situation, where
AC power is accessible. The sensors will operate using Wi-Fi mesh communications technology so they
will hand off information to each other, eventually returning to the relay point. The mesh network
would allow for system errors such as missing sensor nodes, power failures, theft, etc. without the loss
of the entire system. The sensors will then operate in the AOI for at least 60 days autonomously. The
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SYST 798 Fall 2008
SRD
17 OCT 2008
power system of the sensors should be a battery system with the potential of a solar power source for
additional operational life.
Insert Mock UP diagram
Urban Force Protection – Military Forces: The MINUS system will be used for force protection via
emplacement behind troop movements. In this situation, a military unit could place sensors while they
“clear” an AOI. Military units will be able to carry multiple sensor nodes due to their size. As the unit
moves from one area to the next, the team will drop the MINUS sensors behind them. The sensors will
immediately form the mesh communications network and sense any movements behind the military
unit. In this situation PIR sensors could be used to detect opposing forces from coming up behind the
unit. As the sensors are placed, they will communicate with a PDA carried by a team member, relaying
location and potential intrusion alerts. The sensors could be left in place or discarded because of their
low cost and limited stored information.
Insert Mock UP diagram
3.0
System Requirements
3.1
Business Requirements
3.1.1 Cost Requirements
3.1.1.1 The MINUS system shall have a final maximum price point of $500 per sensor node under
mass production.
3.1.1.2
The MINUS design shall be a staged system with varying price and options levels.
3.1.2 Market Requirements
3.1.2.1 The MINUS system shall only be marketed and sold in the United States of America.
3.1.2.2 The MINUS system shall be treated as an export controlled commodity.
3.1.3 Supplier/COTS Requirements
3.1.3.1 The MINUS system shall be composed of COTS only hardware.
3.1.3.2 The MINUS system manufacturing suppliers shall be reputable businesses indexed in the xxxx.
3.1.3.3 MINUS components must meet specific standards pertaining to their industry (REWORD)
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3.2
Functional Requirements
3.2.1
Detect Physical Intrusion/Presence
SRD
17 OCT 2008
3.2.1.1 Personnel Detection
3.2.1.1.1 The system shall detect the physical presence of a living human being within the defined
range of a sensor node.
3.2.1.1.2 The system shall detect human presence via acoustic disturbances.
3.2.1.1.3 The system shall detect human presence via thermal disturbances.
3.2.1.1.4 The system shall detect human presence via
3.2.1.2 Vehicle Detection
3.2.1.2.1 The system shall detect the physical presence of a motorized vehicle within the defined range
of a sensor node.
3.2.1.2.2 The system shall detect vehicle presence via acoustic disturbances.
3.2.1.2.3 The system shall detect vehicle presence via thermal disturbances.
3.2.2 Locate Intrusion
3.2.2.1 The MINUS system shall be able to locate the geographic location of the sensor detection.
3.2.2.2 The MINUS system shall utilize the Global Positioning System for sensor locations.
3.2.2.3 MINUS sensor nodes shall be able to store GPS information internally.
3.2.3 Notify of Intrusion
3.2.3.1 The MINUS system shall notify users of the system when sensor alert has occurred.
3.2.3.2 The MINUS system shall notify other sensor and relay nodes via wireless mesh
communications.
3.2.3.3 The MINUS system shall relay notifications from sensor nodes back to a user station.
3.2.3.4 MINUS shall display alert notifications on a graphical user interface (GUI)
3.2.3.5
3.3
Non-Functional Requirements
3.3.1
Performance Requirements
3.3.1.1 Detection
3.3.1.1.1 The MINUS system shall detect personnel acoustically at a range no less than 10 meters
(assumed normal speaking audible level of 45db).
3.3.1.1.2 The MINUS system shall detect personnel thermally at a range no less than 10 meters.
3.3.1.1.3 MINUS sensor nodes shall be able to have multiple detections per node within a user defined
time space (adjustable from 1 second to 30 minutes).
3.3.1.1.4 The MINUS system shall detect motorized vehicles acoustically at a range no less than 10
meters (assumed normal speaking audible level of 45db).
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SRD
17 OCT 2008
3.3.1.1.5 The MINUS system shall detect motorized vehicles thermally at a range no less than 15
meters.
3.3.1.1.6 The MINUS sensor nodes shall not have an error rate (false alert/detection) greater than 1% of
total number of triggered detections.
3.3.1.2 Notification
3.3.1.2.1 The MINUS system shall notify users of a sensor alert within X minutes of detection.
3.3.1.2.2 The MINUS system shall notify other sensor and relay nodes, within range, of an alert within
30 seconds of detection.
3.3.1.2.3 MINUS system shall be able to have multiple alerts per node within a user defined time space
(adjustable from 1 second to 30 minutes).
3.3.1.3 Communications
3.3.1.3.1 The MINUS sensor nodes shall operate on a Wi-Fi, self healing, ad-hoc, mesh communications
network.
3.3.1.3.2 The MINUS sensor nodes shall have a Wi-Fi communications range no less than 20 meters line
of sight (LOS).
3.3.1.3.3 The MINUS communications network shall be able to communicate with no less than 1000
nodes simultaneously.
3.3.1.3.4 The MINUS system shall be able to relay information from relay nodes to a user location no
less than 5 kilometers away.
3.3.1.3.5 The MINUS communications network shall have a transmission delay no greater than XX
seconds.
3.3.1.4 Location
3.3.1.4.1 The MINUS system shall have a geographic location resolution of no greater than 25 meters
from its actual location.
3.3.1.4.2 The MINUS system shall be able to acquire a GPS position lock within 5 minutes of
deployment (given environmental constraints and limitations.
3.3.2 Physical Construction
3.3.2.1 The MINUS node and relay physical enclosures shall be constructed of common production
materials (i.e. metal or plastic).
3.3.2.2 MINUS physical enclosures shall be air and water tight.
3.3.2.3 MINUS physical enclosures shall be nitrogen purged.
3.3.2.4 MINUS external physical attributes shall not have any rotary, cyclical or moving parts.
3.3.2.5 MINUS external enclosures shall not have any sharp edges or snag/catch points.
3.3.2.6 MINUS sensor nodes shall have an external physical length no greater than 80 millimeters.
3.3.2.7 MINUS sensor nodes shall have an external physical width no greater than 80 millimeters.
3.3.2.8 MINUS sensor nodes shall have an external physical height no greater than 50 millimeters.
3.3.2.9 MINUS relay nodes shall have an external physical length no greater than 100 millimeters.
3.3.2.10 MINUS relay nodes shall have an external physical width no greater than 100 millimeters.
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SRD
17 OCT 2008
3.3.2.11 MINUS relay nodes shall have an external physical height no greater than 100 millimeters.
3.3.2.12 MINUS sensor nodes shall not weigh more than 0.40 kilograms each.
3.3.2.13 MINUS relay nodes shall not weigh more than 1.0 kilograms each.
3.3.3 Durability
3.3.3.1 MINUS shall be able to withstand drop test XXX as defined in the Mil-Std xxx.
3.3.3.2 The MINUS system shall meet all the requirements stated in Mil-Std Xxx.
3.3.4
Environmental Conditions
3.3.4.1 Operating Temperature s
3.3.4.1.1 The MINUS sensor and relay nodes shall have an operating temperature range of -20oC to
80oC.
3.3.4.1.2 The MINUS sensor and relay nodes shall have a storage temperature range of -20oC to 80oC.
3.3.4.2 Moisture Resistances
3.3.4.2.1 The MINUS sensor and relay nodes shall be water proof up to a depth of 5 meters.
3.3.4.2.2 The MINUS sensor and relay nodes shall be resistant to internal condensate.
3.3.4.3 Operating Pressures
3.3.4.3.1 The MINUS system shall have an operating atmospheric pressure range of XX kPa to XX kPa.
3.3.4.4 Operating Humidity
3.3.4.4.1 The MINUS system shall have an operating humidity range of
3.3.5
Operational Requirements
3.3.5.1 Operation
3.3.5.1.1 MINUS sensor nodes shall have an average operating life of XX days under normal operating
conditions.
3.3.5.1.2 MINUS relay nodes shall have an average operating life of XX days under normal operating
conditions.
3.3.5.2 Concealment
3.3.5.2.1 The MINUS sensor and relays nodes shall have natural earth tone external color attributes.
3.3.5.2.2 The MINUS sensor and relay nodes enclosures shall be non-reflective and/or glossy.
3.3.5.2.3 The MINUS sensor and relay nodes shall allow for custom concealment kits and coloring.
3.3.5.3 Deployability
3.3.5.3.1 20 MINUS sensor nodes and 2 relays shall be 1 man portable (weight and size).
3.3.5.3.2 20 MINUS sensor nodes and 2 relays shall be transportable in a 24” x 24” x 12” case.
3.3.5.3.3 MINUS sensor nodes shall require no specified emplacement practices.
3.3.5.3.4 MINUS sensor nodes shall not have an analogous top and bottom.
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SYST 798 Fall 2008
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17 OCT 2008
3.3.5.4 Training
3.3.5.4.1 The MINUS system shall not require user training in excess of 8 hours of class and field time.
3.3.5.4.2 The MINUS system shall utilize existing COTS user interfaces where applicable.
3.3.5.5 Security
3.3.5.5.1 MINUS sensor and relay nodes shall not contain/store or transmit any classified or sensitive
information.
3.3.5.5.2 The MINUS system shall not contain any information indicating users identity and/or location.
3.3.6
Safety Requirements
3.3.6.1 Hazardous Materials
3.3.6.1.1 The MINUS system shall not contain or be constructed of any materials that are considered a
Health Hazard according to MSDS level 0 (excluding battery/power source).
3.3.6.1.2 The MINUS system and all of its sub components (excluding batter/power source) shall not
have a MSDS Flammability rating above level 1.
3.3.6.1.3 The MINUS system and all of its sub components (excluding batter/power source) shall not
have a MSDS Instability rating above level 1.
3.3.7 Reliability Requirements
3.3.7.1 The MINUS system shall operate on an average of XXX minutes for Mean Time Between
Failures (MBTF).
3.3.8 Other Requirements
3.3.8.1 The MINUS sensor nodes shall have the ability to be powered on or off independently or in
groups of no less than 100.
3.4
Interface Requirements
3.4.1 Hardware Interfaces
3.4.1.1 The MINUS internal components shall all operate at the same DC voltage.
3.4.1.2 The MINUS system shall use standard PC based connections (serial, USB, JTAG) for PC
connectivity (where applicable).
3.4.1.3 The MINUS system shall use standard US battery sizes.
3.4.2 Software Interfaces
3.4.2.1 The MINUS system shall operate on open source and/or readily available operating systems.
3.4.2.2 Any Custom MINUS software/firmware shall be open source information for user
customization and alteration.
3.4.3 Communications Interfaces
3.4.3.1 The MINUS system shall not interfere with existing utilized radio frequencies.
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SYST 798 Fall 2008
3.4.3.2
3.4.3.3
3.4.3.4
SRD
17 OCT 2008
The MINUS system shall be able to communicate with other wireless devices (i.e. laptop, PDA)
The MINUS communications network shall be recognizable and have the ability to obtain an IP
address from other networked devices.
The MINUS communications network interface with user authenticated devices via
certification.
3.4.4 External System Interfaces
3.4.4.1 The MINUS system shall be adaptable to other wireless systems via user authentication.
3.5
Information Management Requirements
3.5.1
3.5.2
3.5.4
The MINUS system shall have a detailed printed users manual available with each MINUS kit.
The MINUS system shall have a detailed soft copy (.pdf) users manual available with each
MINUS kit.
The MINUS system shall reference all FCC communications standards and protocols in the users
manual.
Each MINUS kit shall come with a “quick facts sheet” to highlight user operation instructions.
3.6
Policy and Regulation Requirements
3.6.1
The MINUS system shall comply with all Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulations
on wireless communications devices.
3.7
Lifecycle and Sustainment Requirements
3.5.3
3.7.1 Supportability
3.7.1.1 MINUS sensor node enclosures shall be able to be opened for servicing.
3.7.1.2 MINUS relay node enclosures shall be able to be opened for servicing.
3.7.1.3 MINUS systems shall be supported by the developer as indicated in the maintenance contract.
3.7.2 Maintainability
3.7.2.1 The MINUS system shall have a Mean Time Between Repair (MTBR) no less than XXX days.
3.7.2.2 The MINUS sensors and relays shall be maintainable by the vendor.
3.7.2.3 The internal battery source for the MINUS sensor nodes and relay nodes shall be COTS and
maintenance/replaced by the users.
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SYST 798 Fall 2008
4.0
SRD
17 OCT 2008
Appendix
Document No.
Document Title
Date
Author
DOD-JTA
DOD Joint Technical Architecture v6.0
10/2003
US DOD
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