UNITAR Workshop
Impact of funding on system-wide
coherence of UN operational activities
for development
New York, 4 November 2011
1
Kristinn Sv. Helgason, Office for ECOSOC Support and Coordination, UNDESA
Presentation outline
A. Fragmentation of funding
(a) Contributions
(b) Expenditures
B. Possible options to strengthen the
funding architecture for enhanced
system-wide coherence
2
Kristinn Sv. Helgason, Office for ECOSOC Support and Coordination, UNDESA
A.
Fragmentation of funding
(a) Contributions
 Diversification of funding sources
 Competition for resources among UN development
system entities
(b) Expenditures
 UN universal character (present in 135-140
programme countries)
 Modest share of total ODA (18 per cent of total ODA
excl. debt relief)
3
Kristinn Sv. Helgason, Office for ECOSOC Support and Coordination, UNDESA
(a)
Contributions
Contributions
(billions of constant 2008 United States dollars)
Figure 1 - Sources of non-core funding
(DEV only, major groups, 1995-2009)
10
8
6
4
45%
2
0
51%
1995
DAC Governments
2000
Non-DAC Governments
2005
Europea n Commi s s i on
2009
Others
4
Kristinn Sv. Helgason, Office for ECOSOC Support and Coordination, UNDESA
(a)
Contributions
Figure 2 - Trends in contributions
(DEV & HA, 1994-2009)
25
Contributions
200
Non-core
20
160
15
120
80
10
40
5
Core
0
0
Real change (base year is 1994)
240
-40
1994
1999
2004
Core
2009
Non-core
(Billions of constant 2008 United States dollars)
5
Kristinn Sv. Helgason, Office for ECOSOC Support and Coordination, UNDESA
(a)
Contributions
Figure 3 - Total DEV & HA funding in 2009
Non-core (DEV)
43%
Non-core (HA)
30%
Devel opmentrel a ted a cti vi ti es
(DEV)
Huma ni ta ri a n
As s i s ta nce
(HA)
Core (DEV)
22%
Core (HA) 5%
(Based on 2009 contributions which totalled $21.9 billion)
6
Kristinn Sv. Helgason, Office for ECOSOC Support and Coordination, UNDESA
(a)
Contributions
Figure 4 - Non-core funding modalities
(DEV only, 2009)
One UN funds 1%
Si ngl e-donor,
progra mme- a nd
project-s peci fi c
77%
Other mul ti-donor trus t
funds 6%
Thema tic funds
5%
Progra mme- a nd
project-s peci fi c
Loca l
res ources
11%
(Total non-core funding for development-related activities: $9.4 billion)
7
Kristinn Sv. Helgason, Office for ECOSOC Support and Coordination, UNDESA
(a)
Contributions
Figure 5 – DAC multilateral aid flows as share of total ODA
(billions of constant $US, 2006-2009)
125
ODA
100
75
60%
53%
12%
13%
17%
26%
29%
27%
30%
2006
2007
2008
2009
Multi-bilateral
Bilateral Aid
63%
59%
11%
50
25
0
Core-multilateral
(Source: OECD Creditor Reporting System and DAC Table 1)
8
Kristinn Sv. Helgason, Office for ECOSOC Support and Coordination, UNDESA
(b)
Expenditures
# UN development entities
36 UN entities delivered operational activities
for development in 2009
The top 8 entities of UN development system
accounted for some 86 per cent of total
expenditures in 2009, with the remaining
14 per cent divided among 28 entities
9
Kristinn Sv. Helgason, Office for ECOSOC Support and Coordination, UNDESA
(b)
Expenditures
70
100%
90%
Number of countries
60
80%
50
70%
40
44%
30
60%
50%
40%
31%
20
30%
20%
10
8%
0
Over 40%
14%
10%
3%
30% - 40%
Cumulative share of expenditures
Figure 6 - Concentration/fragmentation of UN development system
0%
20% - 30%
10% - 20%
Under 10%
United Nations share of total ODA
United Nations data excludes local resources.
Information on ODA obtained from OECD DAC Statistics, DAC Table 2a
10
Kristinn Sv. Helgason, Office for ECOSOC Support and Coordination, UNDESA
(b)
Expenditures
Figure 7 – Concentration/fragmentation of UN development system (entities)
Less priority, less significant: 830 (47%)
Priority,
less significant:
837 (47%)
Priority,
significant:
106 (6%)
Less priority,
significant
6 (0%)
11
Kristinn Sv. Helgason, Office for ECOSOC Support and Coordination, UNDESA
B.
Possible options
Possible models to strengthen the funding architecture for
enhanced system-wide coherence include:
(a) Reform the funding system
 Negotiated replenishment system
 Negotiated voluntary core contributions
 Global thematic funds managed by lead agencies
in respective sectors
(b) Strengthen existing funding system
 One UN Funds, one budgetary framework, one
programme at country-level
12
Kristinn Sv. Helgason, Office for ECOSOC Support and Coordination, UNDESA
B.
Possible options
Table 1 – One UN Funds in 2009
Total ODA
Total UN
One UN Fund Share of Total
expenditures expenditure
ODA
Share of total
UN expenditures
Recipient country
(millions of United States dollars)
(percentage)
Albania
358
19
3.6
1.0
18.5
Cape Verde
196
11
2.4
1.2
20.9
Malawi
772
123
1.1
0.1
0.9
Mozambique
2013
141
10.9
0.5
7.7
Pakistan
2781
586
1.7
0.1
0.3
Rwanda
934
96
5.8
0.6
6.1
United Rep. of Tanzania
2934
165
16.4
0.6
9.9
Uruguay
51
36
6.7
13.3
18.4
Viet Nam
3744
84
19.7
0.5
23.5
Total/Average
13784
1262
68.3
0.5
5.4
(Source of ODA data: OECD/DAC statistics, DAC Table 2a)
13
Kristinn Sv. Helgason, Office for ECOSOC Support and Coordination, UNDESA