TOPICS FOR EXAMINATION 2 - Biology 1407 Central, REESE et al 10e
Also you should KNOW AND UNDERSTAND ALL TOPICS AS A FUNCTION OF THE CONCEPT
CHECK HEADINGS IN YOUR TEXT!!
Modified from study topics prepared by Dr. David Schwartz, HCC SW
CHAPTER 25
What is macroevolution, and by what genetic and developmental mechanisms is it thought to occur? What are the
geological and biological explanations for macroevolution. Know the Miller-Urey experiment and what type of
compounds were produced. What is a protobiont? What are the properties shown by protobionts? In fossil dating,
know the definition of "half-life". What was the composition of the primitive atmosphere of Earth? Why was the
primitive atmosphere of Earth more conducive to the origin of life than is our present atmosphere? What was the
most probable chemical composition of the first ancient genetic material? Know the serial endosymbiotic model how does this model help to explain the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts? How is this different than the
model for the origin of the eukaryotic endomembrane system? Which organisms are thought to be the ancestors of
modern chloroplasts? What are exaptations? Why are they important to the understanding of evolution by natural
selection? What are mass extinctions, adaptive radiations? Fossil record: what type of rocks?, how are fossils
arranged in the strata? Have a working knowledge of the Geological time scale (remember the HMNS trip?) and be
able to use one to answer questions.
CHAPTER 26
What is the correct hierarchy of the Linnaean system? What is the newest taxon and where in the hierarchy does it
occur? What is convergent evolution? Be able to recognize examples of convergent evolution. What molecular
criterion is used today to construct a modern classification system? Be able to interpret a phylogenetic tree.
CHAPTER 27
What are the various nutritional combinations of carbon and energy lifestyles? What is the basic cell plan of all
bacteria and archaea? Know the cellular components of bacteria, and their properties. What is the major chemical
constituent of prokaryotic cell walls? What is a nucleoid? What is a plasmid? Know how it functions in
conjugation. Know the possible effects of the horizontal transfer of genes by conjugation between cells of the
same prokaryotic species. What is the major problem concerning the overuse of antibiotics in medical treatment?
What is the most important ecological role played by the prokaryotes?
CHAPTER 28
What is the basic cell plan of protists? (that is single celled Eukaryotes) Know the cellular components of protists,
and their properties. Which organisms are thought to be the ancestors of the green plants, which gave rise to
mitochondria? Chloroplasts? What are the various nutritional combinations of carbon and energy lifestyles? Which
groups are closely related to animals?
CHAPTER 31
What is a fungus? What is a mold? What is a mycelium? What are hyphae? What is the major chemical
constituent of fungal cell walls? What are the vegetative mycelium and the aerial mycelium? What are
their individual functions? How do they move outward from the point of germination? What is the major
nutritional lifestyle of all fungi? What are fruiting bodies? What are spores?