STUDY TOPICS FOR EXAMINATION III - Biology 1406, CAMPBELL AND REESE 10e
KNOW AND UNDERSTAND ALL TOPICS AS A FUNCTION OF THE CONCEPT CHECK HEADINGS IN YOUR
TEXT!! In addition use the class slides to help you study the additional test topics from your textbook.
(Modified from one Developed by Dr. David Schwartz)
CHAPTER 8
Know all properties possessed by catalysts. Know enzyme structure and function - what is an active site? an
allosteric site? What is a substrate? What is a product? How does an enzyme catalyze a reaction? Does an enzyme
affect the rate at which a chemical reaction occurs? What is a coenzyme? What is a cofactor? What is energy
coupling and why is it important? Thoroughly understand ATP and how it energizes the cellular processes of life.
CHAPTER 9
Know and understand the concepts of oxidation and reduction. Know the fermentation pathways of
ethanol and lactate. Which cells perform each of these fermentations? Does fermentation include the steps
of glycolysis also? Does fermentation generate ATP directly in any other way than by the included steps
of glycolysis? What are the end products of lactate fermentation? Starting with the Krebs cycle, (also
known as the citric acid cycle), what is the pathway (the sequential steps) that electrons take inside an
active mitochondrion? What is the evolutionary significance of glycolysis? Where in the cell does
glycolysis take place? What are the chemical properties of NAD+ and NADH regarding oxidation and
reduction? Which of these has higher energy electrons? What are the end products of glycolysis? What
are the major products of the Krebs cycle? How many ATP molecules are produced from a single
molecule of glucose by glycolysis alone? How many are produced if the Krebs cycle is used? What are
cristae and why are they so highly folded? WHAT IS THE ELECTRON TRANSPORT SYSTEM
AND WHY IS IT IMPORTANT? WHAT IS AEROBIC RESPIRATION? WHAT IS OXIDATIVE
PHOSPHORYLATION? BE ABLE TO EXPLAIN THE ELECTRON TRANSPORT SYSTEM
AND THE CHEMIOSMOTIC SYNTHESIS OF ATP! What is substrate level phosphorylation?
Which are the two molecules that carry energy to the electron transport chain from the Krebs cycle?
Where is ATP synthase located in the mitochondria? What is the name of the 2 carbon fragment that
enters the Krebs cycle? What is fermentation? How is it different than cellular respiration?
CHAPTER 10
Know all necessary chemical compounds for photosynthesis. KNOW LINEAR ELECTRON FLOW. What is
P700? P680? Know the optimum absorption wavelengths of P680 and P700. What is NADP+? NADPH? What is
the internal structure of the chloroplast? What are thylakoids? What are grana? What are stroma? Is there an
electron transport chain in chloroplasts? Where is it found? Do plant cells have mitochondria? Can they also make
ATP by oxidative phosphorylation? WHAT IS THE CALVIN CYCLE? BE ABLE TO EXPLAIN THE CALVIN
CYCLE AND WHAT IT DOES! What is RuBP? G-3-P? Rubisco? BE ABLE TO EXPLAIN THE LIGHT
REACTIONS, THEIR PRODUCTS, AND THE RELATIONSHIP THEY HAVE TO THE CALVIN CYCLE!
Know and understand the roles and products of Photosystem II and Photosystem I. Where in the cell does the
Calvin cycle take place? WHICH PRODUCTS OF THE CALVIN CYCLE ARE UTILIZED IN THE LIGHT
REACTIONS? What is chlorophyll?
CHAPTER 12
Know and understand all stages of the cell cycle and what happens during each stage. How is the cell cycle
regulated? Know and understand all stages of mitosis - what happens during each stage, how daughter cells
compare with parent cells as to amount of DNA and numbers of chromosomes before, at, or after any phase, and
cytoplasmic contents, chromatid presence or absence, differences between plant cells and animal cells at mitosis
and during cytokinesis. What are sister chromatids? Homologous chromosomes? How are microtubles involved in
this process?
CHAPTER 13
How do sexual and asexual reproduction differ from each other? Know all stages of meiosis – what happens during
each stage, how daughter cells compare with parent cells as to amount of DNA and numbers of chromosomes
before, at, or after any phase, and cytoplasmic contents, chromatid presence or absence. What is a somatic cell?
What is a sex chromosome? What is an autosome? What are homologous chromosomes? Be able to work with the
concept and vocabulary of ploidy, including ploidy abbreviations. What are the differences between mitosis and
meiosis? What is a somatic cell, and how does it differ from a gamete? WHAT IS SYNAPSIS AND WHY IS IT
IMPORTANT IN GENETIC VARIATION? WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SYNAPSIS AND
CROSSING OVER? What is the independent assortment of chromosomes, what is the basis of independent
assortment, and why is the independent assortment of chromosomes important?