PE 320-01 CONGRESS
Spring 2004
Dr. Anne Hallum
Office Hours: MWF 1:30-2:30
Tuesday: 9 - 2:30
Office: 318A Eliz.Hall
email: ahallum@stetson.edu
MWF: 9 - 9:50 a.m.
Eliz.Hall 313
Dodd and Oppenheimer, Congress Reconsidered, 7th edition
Cohen, Richard, Washington at Work: 1990 Clean Air Act
Model Senate materials and research
Recommended: Davidson & Oleszek, Congress and Its Members, 9th edition; also see
reading list, attached
Required Books:
The objectives of the course are (1) to analyze how Congress operates as an institution and how it
has changed historically and continues to develop; (2) to analyze the widespread distrust of Congress that
most scholars agree “far outruns the institution’s actual defects and shortcomings” (Davidson and Oleszek,
p. xii); (3) to examine a few major political science theories of Congress; and (4) to prepare for the
competitive Floyd M. Riddick U.S. Model Senate, hosted here at Stetson, March 11-13. Additional
objectives are to improve research, writing, leadership, and oral presentation abilities throughout the
semester. The Model Senate simulation is an excellent opportunity for such improvement.
Our national legislature has been described as “Two Congresses” because of its simultaneous dual
nature: a group of career-minded politicians seeking to serve re-election constituencies; and a forum for
shaping and refining national policy. Given this complexity, what are the patterns of change in Congress
since the founding? What are the internal workings of Congress and what are their purposes? How do
external forces-- such as the media, presidential power, and the “electoral connection”-- strengthen or
impede congressional effectiveness?
Course Evaluation: You will be evaluated based on two exams, two papers, and Model Senate
participation, as follows:
First examination - 25%
Second exam - 25%
First paper 20%
Second paper -20%
Model Senate- 10%
Class attendance and participation is important for your own learning process and for the rest of us.
Therefore, roll will be taken each meeting, and attendance will influence your grade. Dates to submit
paper assignments are given below. You will be penalized by half a letter grade (five points) for each day
an assignment is late. Make-up examinations will be given for emergency reasons only. Finally,
remember that you are responsible for knowing any changes made to this syllabus that are announced in
class.
COURSE OUTLINE
I.
Course Introduction; studying Congress
II.
Evolution of Congress
Assignment: In Dodd & Oppenheimer (D & O), read Barbara Sinclair, “The New World
of U.S. Senators”; video; and U.S. Constitution, esp. Article I
III.
Leadership, Committee Politics, and Institutional Change
Assignment: D & O. ch. 8, “Evolution of Committee System in Congress” and
ch. 9, “Committee Theories Reconsidered”; Richard Fenno handout, “Congress in
Committee”
FIRST EXAMINATION:
IV.
Friday, February 13th
Congressional Rules and Procedures
Assignment: Class handouts; D & O, “What the American Public Wants Congress to Be”
Receive Senator and bill assignments— class practice for Model Senate
First Paper Due:
Friday, February 27th
This paper should be in two parts: (1) in-depth research on your bill for Model Senate, including
statistics explaining the need for the legislation, the cost of the legislation, and the rationale for the
legislation in terms of meeting the need (2) the paper should address the political strategy for
winning passage of the bill, including names of allies and opponents in the Congress and in the
country. You also must include a one-page speech that you will use at Model Senate introducing
the bill in committee.
The paper should be 6 - 8 pages, single-spaced (double-space between paragraphs), plus
bibliography & one-page speech.
SPRING BREAK:
March 1 - 5
MODEL SENATE!
March 11th - 13th
V.
The Bicameral Congress
Assignment: D & O, Ch. 11, “Keystone Reconsidered”;
and Washington at Work, 2nd edition by Richard Cohen -
all
Second Paper Due: Friday, April 2nd
This paper is a legislative and political history of legislation which you select, in the general format
of the Cohen book. That is, explain the perceived need for the legislation, then identify the various phases
toward the bill’s passage, how it was revised, and as much as possible, who the key players were. This will
involve research of reputable periodical sources, such as Congressional Quarterly, Washington Post, New
York Times, National Journal, as well as the daily Congressional Record. (Be wary of internet or
periodical sources that are sponsored by interest groups or are highly partisan). Also, include one book or
academic journal article which offers theoretical perspective for understanding the process of this
legislation In your conclusion, assess whether the public interest was well-served by the legislation or not
(within the context of democratic compromise) and why or why not.
The paper should be 8 - 10 pages, single-spaced (double-space between paragraphs), plus bib.
VI.
The Electoral Connection
Assignment: D & O, Ch. 12, “The Logic of Conditional Party Government: Revisiting the
Electoral Connection”;
All four chapters under “Elections & Constituencies”
th
(No class Friday, April 9 )
VII.
Review and Analysis
Assignment: D & O, ch. 16, “Congress and the Emerging Order: Assessing the 2000
Elections” and ch. 17, “Re-Envisioning Congress: Theoretical Perspectives”
Studying Congress:
The American Congress is the most extensively studied political institution in the world.
Journalistic coverage is detailed and colorful, but political science adds the dimension of explanatory
theory to these descriptions. Here is a list of some major scholarly works and their styles of research:
1.
Voting data and election analysis
Fiorina, Morris, Congress: Keystone of the Washington Establishment, 1979
(we will read a current assessment by Fiorina in the Dodd & Oppenheimer book)
Canon, William, Race, Redistricting and Representation, 1999
2. Elections and Public Opinion Analysis
Cooper, Joseph, Congress and the Decline of Public Trust
Hibbing, John R. and Elizabeth Theiss-Morse, Congress as Public Enemy, 1995.
Hibbing and Smith, “What the American Public Wants Congress to Be,” in Congress Reconsidered,
7th ed.
Jacobson, Gary and Samuel Kernell, Strategy and Choice in Congressional Elections, 2nd edition
Jacobson, Gary, The Politics of Congressional Elections
Jacobson, Gary, The Electoral Origins of Divided Government
3. Case Studies and Participant-observation
Cohen, Richard, Washington at Work: Clean Air Act Amendments, 1992
Redman, Eric, The Dance of Legislation, 1973
Fenno Richard F., Congress in Committee, 1962
Fenno, Richard F., The Power of the Purse: The Appropriations Committee
Fenno, Richard F., Home Style: Congressmen in their Districts, 2nd edition
Fenno, Richard F., Congress at the Grassroots, 2000
Fenno, Richard F. and Rosenthal, Cindy Simon, Women Transforming Congress, 2003
4. Legislative Activity Analysis
Wilson, Woodrow, Congressional Government, 1890s.
Matthews, Donald, U.S. Senators and Their World, 1959
Mayhew, David, Divided We Govern, 1991.
Sundquist, James, Decline and Resurgence of Congress, 1976.
5. Roll-call Analysis
Key, V.O., Southern Politics, 1955.
6.
And anything by Paul Beck.
Theory construction and formal modeling
Dodd, Lawrence, “Congress and the Quest for Power”; and “Re-Envisioning Congress” in
Congress Reconsidered, 7th ed.
Stewart, Charles III, Analyzing Congress.
Jacobson and Kernell, above; and Fiorina, above.