Master of Education in Career and Technical Education Program Description The Master's in Education, Career and Technical Education degree program is designed to prepare students for a profession in career and technical education. Graduates of this program are able to assume roles as CTE administrators, educators, and training and development personnel in secondary, post-secondary, and business and industry settings. Students take courses in Career and Technical Education and in Education Foundations. Students also take 15 hours of coursework in one of three selected emphasis area in administration, teaching, or educational technology or in an area that is of interest to the student. Brief History of the M.Ed. in Career and Technical Education Program NAU has a long history of providing graduate degrees in the Career and Technical Education. When NAU was the Arizona State College, master’s programs in both industrial education and home economics education were offered as part of the School of Applied Science and Technology. In the fall of 1984 NAU began offering a Master in Vocational Education (MVE) through the College of Design and Technology. The MVE was moved to the Center for Excellence in Education in fall, 1994. Under the 2002-2004 catalog, the degree name was changed to Masters in Career and Technical Education to align with a name change in the national arena. The MVE (and now MCTE) has always been on the forefront of distance education. In the 1990’s the program was one of the first state-wide programs, delivering degree courses in satellite campuses and employing interactive television (ITV) classrooms. In addition, the MVE program was one of the initial adopters of online education at NAU in 200002. In 2003 the MCTE program went entirely online and expanded from a statewide to a nationwide student audience. Today, the program is moving towards an international student audience. Currently there is one degree seeking student from Italy. The MCTE program offers two options: option one for Thesis and Oral Defense and option two for Final Oral Exam. The program of study requires the following courses designed to meet the identified program goals: CTE Core (12 units): CTE 591 History and Philosophy, CTE 691 Research in CTE, CTE 692 Instructional Management and CTE 696 School and Community Relations one of EDF 500, 670, 671, 672, and 677 (3 units) 15 units of courses in a concentration area from other programs in the College of Education or within CTE and in consultation with an advisor. M.Ed. in Career and Technical Education Page 1 Background Information Enrollment Admission requirements to enroll in the MCTE are the same as those established by the Graduate College. This program does not require GRE scores or any other standardized test scores. However, students need to provide a writing sample that they complete while filling their online application. As with the BSED in CTE: Occupational Education, it is difficult to explain enrollment trends in the Master’s of Education in Career and Technical Education (MCTE) program because they do not conform to changes in legislature or other university issues. While the Technology Research Initiative Fund (TRIF) established in 2000 dedicated significant funds to workforce development and one of the programs that benefited from that funding was CTE, it did not have as much impact as it could have had for the undergraduate program. This is because the MCTE is an advanced degree and there are fewer professionals that would need such a degree to advance in their specific fields. Recently, two new online programs that compete directly with the population that may be attracted to the MCTE program were opened: Master’s in Public Administration and Master’s in Counseling: Human Relations. Both of these programs are also offered online and they are attractive to professionals that are seeking further their education to move to middle-level management positions. M.Ed. in Career and Technical Education (PAIR data) 60 Total Enrolled Studetns 50 40 30 20 10 0 FY 04 FY 05 FY 06 FY 07 FY 08 FY 09 FY 10 FY 11 FY 12 Unduplicated 23 25 28 32 32 43 38 33 27 Duplicated 26 45 37 50 50 49 40 40 M.Ed. in Career and Technical Education Page 2 Graduation Rates The graduation rates for the M.Ed. in CTE have remained relatively stable across the review period as has the overall enrollment in the program. Throughout the review period between 22-38% of the enrolled candidates in the program are conferred degrees (unduplicated count/degrees conferred). This would indicate that the program candidates are able to demonstrate good academic progress within the degree, not resulting in a bottleneck situation in which only a small number of candidates complete the program in an academic year with a continually rising number of candidates in progress within the degree program. The profile of degree awards is indicative of the enrollment trends within the program. That is, most degree completers in each of the years included in this review period are identified as being an online student or are taking courses in a community campus location. M.Ed. in Career and Technical Education Degrees Awarded by Location (PAIR data, duplicated count) Degree Awarded FY 2004 FY 2005 FY 2006 FY 2007 FY 2008 FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 Community Campuses* Flagstaff* 7 3* 2* 3* 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1* 0 0 1* 0 0 Online 2 9 7 7 11 19 8 10 12 TOTAL 11 12 9 11 11 19 9 10 12 *There were 10 students identified as a campus based students, but this program is only available online. Students sometimes classify themselves based upon their residence not understanding that that degree is not offered at a campus based location. Program Diversity and Student Engagement with Diversity The M.Ed. in CTE program continues to attract a primarily male (60-70%), White/Anglo (7080%) population of students. This gender trend, however, is representative of the national figures for CTE programs, which often show a traditional model of gender by discipline (Ashunda, 2011). Given the program offerings in Family and Consumer Science (often female weighted), and Business, Industrial Technology, and Administration (typically male weighted), the gender distribution is in line with other national data on gender diversity in CTE programs. The ethnicity breakdown for the program mirrors the U.S. Census data for 2010 for Black/African American (4.5%), 5.3% American Indian (5.3%), but diverges from the state population statistics for Asian (3.1% vs 0%), Hispanic (30.2% vs 8-15% in typical years), and White (57.1% vs 70-80% in this review period). Recruiting and retaining a more diverse candidate pool is an area of need for this program. M.Ed. in Career and Technical Education Page 3 Number of Students Enrolled in the M.Ed.in Career and Technical Education by Gender (PAIR data, fall term of each academic year used for comparison purposes) Gender Female Male TOTAL FY 04 FY 05 FY 06 FY 07 FY 08 FY 09 FY 10 FY 11 FY 12 15 16 17 21 24 26 24 21 20 (65%) (64%) (62%) (66%) (75%) (60%) (63%) (64%) (74%) 8 9 11 11 8 17 14 12 7 (35%) (36%) (38%) (34%) (25%) (40%) (37%) (36%) (26%) 23 25 28 32 32 43 38 33 27 Number of Students Enrolled in the M.Ed.in Career and Technical Education by Ethnicity (PAIR data, fall term of each academic year used for comparison purposes) Race / Ethnicity African American Asian American Hispanic Native American White FY 04 FY 05 FY 06 0 0 0 0 0 0 FY 07 FY 08 FY 09 FY 10 FY 11 Spring 12 1 3 5 2 2 1 (3%) (9%) (12%) (5%) (6%) (4%) 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 (4%) (3%) 0 1 2 5 2 2 3 5 (4%) (7%) (15%) (6%) (5%) (8%) (15%) 0 0 5 3 1 1 (22%) (12%) (4%) (3%) 2 1 1 (5%) (3%) (4%) 18 21 24 23 26 35 28 23 23 (78%) (84%) (85%) (72%) (81%) (81%) (74%) (70%) (84%) International 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other/Not Specified Two or More 0 0 0 0 TOTAL 0 23 0 0 25 28 1 1 1 2 (3%) (3%) (2%) (5%) 0 0 0 32 32 43 1 (4%) 1 2 1 (3%) (6%) (4%) 38 33 27 Self-Study Summary Relationship of the M.Ed. in Career and Technical Education program to NAU’s mission and strategic goals? The program has been a leader in distance delivery for over 20 years. This learner-centered degree has been completely online since 2003 to provide convenient access for students. Faculty members focus on relevancy in the coursework with a well-planned curriculum that is applicable, challenging, and helps prepare students for a variety of careers upon graduation (NAU Goal 1). The program also focuses on personal contact with students. All advising is done by full-time faculty and all faculty members are accessible to students for assistance 7 M.Ed. in Career and Technical Education Page 4 days per week. To address the goal of student access, progress and affordability (Goal 2), this program offers year-round admission and allows students to start the program at any time. The flexible program of study allows students to customize coursework to meet individual career goals. In addition, the program is focused on affordability by allowing students to achieve their master’s degree in an efficient and timely manner. Because the program does not charge program fees, has very low course fees, and most courses do not require the purchase of textbooks, students are able to earn their degree in an affordable manner. The M.Ed. in CTE program also addresses the goal of innovative and effective practices by employing a rigorous online education program. Candidates are able to complete this degree program wherever they live and/or work. By crafting the program in this manner, the program increases educational opportunity across the state, region, and nationally. The M.Ed. in CTE program also addresses strategic initiatives of the College of Education. The program coursework is unique in Arizona in that there are no other options for advanced degrees in CTE in the state. Thus, the M.Ed. in CTE program demonstrates leadership in preparing teachers and human service personnel in Arizona (CoE Strategic Plan Goal 1). Recent recruitment efforts have resulted in a changing demographic of program candidates that includes more individuals from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds (CoE Strategic Plan Goals 2 and 3 – Leading Institution for Native American/Hispanic/Latino(a) Students). Quality of the program? Faculty: Quality of the Faculty and Curricular Offerings This program has only one tenure track faculty member and one non-tenure track faculty member on a contract that renews annually. These faculty members serve not only the B.S.Ed. CTE programs, but the M.Ed. in CTE programs as well. Both faculty members teach year round to support the course offerings of both programs (including winter and summer sessions). They are supplemented with adjunct faculty. In the Phoenix program only a single course is taught by full-time faculty, the capstone course CTE 495c (previously CTE 408c). In the online program adjunct faculty are also heavily relied upon. The two full time faculty members bring to the program very different skills and professional experiences that complement each other, making it a stronger program. For instance, Dr. Michael Roberts brings the experience and skills from the construction, welding, and other vocational/trades knowledge part of the degree while Ms. Nicole Hampton contributes the business perspective and experience. Besides that, they take extreme care in selecting parttime faculty to teach in the program. Full time faculty members evaluate potential instructors based upon a combination of education and experience. Specifically, a combination of education in CTE, experience in CTE at the secondary or post-secondary level, and occupational M.Ed. in Career and Technical Education Page 5 experience in a CTE content area are essential to be able to teach in the MCTE program. Parttime faculty also need to show knowledge of current trends, issues, and philosophies in CTE and show an involvement in the field overall. The table below indicates faculty teaching core courses: Human Relations Core Faculty Michael Roberts Rank Career and Technical Education Courses Taught Associate Professor Nicole (O’Grady) Hampton Assistant Clinical Professor CTE696 (School & Community Relations), CTE692 (Instructional Management) CTE691 (Research in CTE), CTE692 (Instructional Management), CTE591 (History and Philosophy of CTE) Online Core Course Designers & Primary Instructors Career and Technical Education Online Core Course CTE696 School & Community Relations CTE691 Research in CTE CTE591 History and Philosophy of CTE CTE692 Instructional Management Designer M. Roberts N. Hampton N. Hampton N. Hampton M. Roberts D. Abel Instructors M. Roberts N. Hampton N. Hampton N. Hampton M. Roberts D. Abel Career and Technical Education Online Elective Course CTE550 Grant Writing CTE561 Facilities Design CTE592 Program Planning & Curriculum Development CTE576 Coordinating Coop Programs Designer M. Roberts M. Roberts D. Abel N. Hampton CTE500 CTE Foundations N. Hampton CTE583 Student Services in CTE CTE595 Evaluation in CTE CTE661 Bus/Fin Mgt CTE670 Adult Learners CTE690 Personnel Mgt V. Croft V. Croft, D. Abel V. Croft, D. Abel N. Hampton V. Croft, D. Abel Instructors M. Roberts M. Roberts D. Abel N. Hampton, D. Hume-Cheatwood N. Hampton, P. Beltram V. Croft V. Croft, D. Abel V. Croft, D. Abel N. Hampton V. Croft, D. Abel CTE592 Program Planning & Curriculum Development Online Elective Courses, Designers, and Instructors Evidence of Teaching Effectiveness and Innovation Students in the M.Ed. in Career and Technical Education complete an end of term evaluation of each course. The tables below present the course evaluation data for two academic terms. Course evaluations sample student perceptions of the quality of courses and instruction using a 5 point Likert-scale survey tool. A Rating of 5 indicates that the student perceived the course experience in that area to be “excellent.” Ratings of 1 indicate that the student perceived the course experience in that area to be “unsatisfactory.” To gather data on the student M.Ed. in Career and Technical Education Page 6 perceptions of teaching effectiveness and innovation, two questions from the survey were extracted for analysis. Student ratings on the extent to which the course “increased their knowledge” were used to indicate the quality of the overall instruction they received (i.e., did the student learn). The second question, “Was the course worthwhile?” serves as an indication of the student’s overall satisfaction with the course. Course evaluations for 2011-2012 for core program courses in the program with response rates are included below. Student course evaluations for the numerous courses in the M.Ed. in Career and Technical Education program of study are typically at or above 4.0 for all courses and across all instructors. This speaks of the teaching and excellence commitment from full time faculty and also about the care that is taken in selecting part-time instructors. Full time faculty members evaluate potential instructors based upon a combination of education and experience. Specifically, a combination of education in CTE, experience in CTE at the secondary or post-secondary level, and occupational experience in a CTE content area are essential to be able to teach in the MCTE program. Part-time faculty also need to show knowledge of current trends, issues, and philosophies in CTE and show an involvement in the field overall. CTE CORE Course Number and Title CTE 591 History & Philosophy of CTE CTE 691 Research in Career and Technical Education CTE 692 Instructional Management for Career and Technical Education CTE 696 School-Community Relations in CTE CURRICULUM ELECTIVES Course Number and Title CTE 592 Program Planning and Curriculum Development in Career and Technical Education CTE 670 Adult Learners Sections Taught 2011-12 1 Response Rate (range) 13% Increased Knowledge Course Worthwhile 5.00 5.00 1 44% 4.25 4.25 1 43% 4.00 4.00 1 67% 4.67 4.67 Sections Taught 2011-12 1 Response Rate (range) 53% Increased Knowledge Course Worthwhile 4.12 4.12 50% 3.83 3.67 4.23 4.18 3.60 3.40 3.91 3.74 4.15 4.01 2 (25-75% CC 580 The Community College 12 47% (25-64%) ECI 666 Problems in Secondary School Curriculum ECI 675: Principles of Curriculum Construction ECI 696: Professional Problems of Teachers 2 50% (0-100%) 7 35% (0-60%) 7 40% (12-70%) M.Ed. in Career and Technical Education Page 7 EDL 600 Leadership Skills 18 50% 4.37 4.25 4.31 4.40 Increased Knowledge Course Worthwhile 4.24 4.09 4.67 4.56 3.96 3.91 4.43 4.32 Increased Knowledge Course Worthwhile 4.30 4.29 4.19 4.17 4.24 4.19 4.30 4.25 (11-100%) EDL 630 Leadership Development 7 80% (33-100%) FOUNDATIONS ELECTIVES Course Number and Title EDF 670 Philosophy of Education Sections Taught 2011-12 8 Response Rate (range) 31% (0-56%) EDF 671 History of American Education 8 52% (0-100%) EDF 672 Comparative Education 3 43% (13-90%) EDF 677 Education Sociology 4 48% (33-67%) EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY ELECTIVES Course Number and Title EPS 620 Vocational Counseling and Career Development EPS 605: Educational Psychology Applied to Learning EPS 611 Adolescent Psychology Sections Taught 2011-12 10 Response Rate (range) 50% (32-64%) 18 48% (18-100%) 4 57% (42-75%) ESP 612 Adult Psychology 3 50% (44-55%) The tables above depict course evaluations for academic year 2011-2012, including those that are not part of the CTE area. Courses that do not have a CTE prefix belong to a different COE department. Out of all the CTE courses in the tables, only one, CTE 670, did not reach 4.0 in the course evaluation. The number presented above for this course is the evaluation average of two course offerings, one with overall evaluation of 5.0 and another with evaluations of 2.67 and 2.33 in the two questions that are selected to demonstrate teaching effectiveness and innovation. During school breaks (before fall and spring semesters), full time faculty meet to discuss students’ course evaluation and determine strategies to modify and improve courses, especially those with low student evaluation. Faculty Contributions to Discipline or Profession through Scholarly, Creative or Professional Activity There are only two full-time faculty members in the career and technical education area. Both core faculty members hold key state leadership positions in the career and technical education discipline. Dr. Roberts serves as an appointed member of the CTE Advisory Board to the M.Ed. in Career and Technical Education Page 8 Arizona State Board of Education. Nicole Hampton serves as an appointed member as the University Representative to the ACTEAZ Board of Directors. Additionally, both have a very extensive and diverse scholarly and professional record. They have made numerous professional presentations at conferences, published chapters in textbooks, served as scholarly reviewers in their discipline, participated in diverse committee membership servicing their discipline at the college, university, and state levels, and held leadership roles. Appendix A provides a list of scholarly and professional activities for these two core career and technical education faculty. Both core faculty members maintain membership and an active role in the key professional organizations in their discipline: the Association for Career and Technical Education and the Arizona Association for Career and Technical Education. Additionally, both core faculty members serve annually as University Supervisors for student teachers in the Career and Technical Education disciplines. Dr. Roberts has also served as a University Supervisor for DODDs student teachers in a variety of disciplines. Assessment of Student Learning/Success The assessment of student learning/success in the M.Ed. in CTE program of studies involves an assessment of the overall GPA of program candidates and a comprehensive examination or a thesis project that covers major learning requirements of the program of study. The assessment of GPA shows that the average GPA of a program graduate is 3.83. This shows that students are successfully completing coursework. However, assessment of student learning in this degree goes beyond just completing the required coursework. In order to graduate, students are required to either pass an exit oral examination or successfully defend a thesis. This ensures that student learning is assessed at the end of the program. As the program is completely online, requiring students to personally demonstrate knowledge related to core outcomes ensures program integrity. In the past seven years, all graduating students have chosen the exit oral exam option. Only one student did not successfully pass the exit oral exam (this student successfully transferred their coursework to the Masters in Secondary Education and graduated with that degree). It is not uncommon for student to conditionally pass sections of the exit oral exam. It is also not uncommon for students to not pass sections of the exit oral exam and have to retake the following semester. Less common is the student who has a full no-pass and is required to retake the entire exam the following semester. It has been recognized that the exit oral exam procedures need to be formalized and documented for students. As a result a student handbook was created and adopted the Fall, 2012 semester. Additionally, formal data for conditional and no pass rates by section needs to be collected and analyzed by faculty to use for program improvement. M.Ed. in Career and Technical Education Page 9 Contributions of the Program to the region, state or local community? Contributions the University The M. Ed. In CTE program allows NAU to reach out and serve individuals in career and technical professions that want to move up to a middle-management position within a company. Given the flexibility of this degree in terms of being almost tailor-made for each student, the program attracts minority and non-traditional students. Through the commitment to service from the two full-time faculty members in this area, NAU is well represented at national and state conferences in CTE. Contributions to the State We are the only CTE Masters program in the state. We are one of a handful of programs in the country. Program faculty serve in leadership positions in two key areas: one faculty member is on the CTE Advisory Committee to the State Board of Education and one faculty member is on the ACTEAZ Board of Directors. Strategic plans for the future? Future improvements for the M.Ed. in Career and Technical Education fall into four broad categories: Students, faculty/staff, program enhancements, and program delivery system. Students: 1. A student handbook was developed and it is being implemented starting Fall 2012. This comprehensive student handbook, developed by the CTE faculty, is intended to assist students in their degree progress and success while in the program. 2. Goal to increase the total number of students in the program by 20%. The enrollment in the M.Ed. in CTE program has remained relatively stable across the review period, generally hovering around 30-40 students during any one academic year. Primarily, this has been a function of the limited number of full-time faculty members in the program. A cadre of highly qualified part-time, contingent faculty members supports the program. The CTE faculty members and the College of Education administration will explore options for expanding enrollment in the program, with a target of a 20% increase in candidates enrolled in the program during the upcoming review cycle. M.Ed. in Career and Technical Education Page 10 3. Goal to increase the geographic diversity of students, especially in light of the differences between the current candidate pools and state Census figures, as well as targeting national and international students. The online course delivery of this degree program allows candidates from geographically diverse areas to participate in the program. Currently, there are few candidates outside of Arizona or the surrounding states in the region. One area of potential growth for the program is to explore options for students across the country and internationally to participate in the M.Ed. in CTE program. The Western Region Graduate Programs (WRGP) recently adopted the MCTE degree as part of the offerings for students living in such states to enroll in the program without having to pay for out-of-state tuition. Still, the program faculty will explore options for recruiting international students with the Center for International Education and the NAU Graduate College. 4. Goal to increase ethnic diversity of students, especially Native American and Hispanic/Latino(a) students corresponding to the College of Education strategic goals. A review of the diversity of candidates in the program indicates a need to increase the diversity of the candidates’ pool for the program. Expanding the diversity of candidates enrolled in the program, especially related to candidates of Hispanic/Latino(a) and/or Native American backgrounds will enhance the program and provide for a more diverse candidate experience. The program will work with the NAU Graduate College and the Marketing Department to identify strategies to improve outreach and recruitment of candidates from diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds. Faculty/Staff 1. Faculty will continue to attend professional development in the CTE field to ensure currency of content area knowledge. The changing landscape of public education (and higher education) requires that faculty members remain current in their discipline. The CTE faculty members will identify sources of funding to support professional development activities for full-time faculty members. 2. Faculty will maintain or increase leadership positions in key CTE organizations at the regional, state, and national levels. 3. With only two full time faculty, it is very difficult to increase student enrollment in this program. It is recommended that at least one more faculty position based in the Phoenix metro area is funded. M.Ed. in Career and Technical Education Page 11 Program 1. Program hour change approved by University Graduate Committee (UGC) effective Fall 2012 reduced total hours from 36 to 30. It is expected that this will make the program more competitive with other institutions. The faculty members will monitor the program to determine if the reduction in credit hours required for degree completion stimulates greater levels of interest and enrollment in the program. 2. Program change approved by UGC effective Fall, 2012 removed three emphasis areas and the program of study changed to have concentrations. With advisor assistance and approval the student develops a concentration, from either CTE courses or approved interdisciplinary courses that comprise a coherent area of study. Areas from which a student may select a concentration include but aren’t restricted to curriculum and instruction, higher education, educational technology, human resource development, and CTE Administration. 3. Evaluate and modify course fees to be in alignment with current program needs. 4. The M.Ed. in CTE program currently does not have a set of student learning outcomes and/or program learning goals. The full time faculty members in will work with the Office of Curriculum, Learning Design, and Academic Assessment to develop a comprehensive set of program/student learning goals for this program. Develop a comprehensive and rigorous assessment system for the MCTE. At present, the program uses course grades and the results of the comprehensive oral examination to assess the effectiveness of the program. Faculty members of the CTE will work with the Office of Curriculum, Learning Design, and Academic Assessment to craft a comprehensive and rigorous assessment system that is aligned to major program learning outcomes, samples student learning/success across the program, is articulated with university-level learning outcomes, and includes an electronic system to gather key artifacts of student learning and evaluate these artifacts to determine the extent to which candidates demonstrate the major program learning outcomes. 5. Align the exit oral examination to program-level student learning outcomes. Compile and evaluate exit oral exam data in an effort to assess of student learning/success. The results of this analysis will be used to review the program coursework, assignments, and identify potential gaps in student learning. M.Ed. in Career and Technical Education Page 12 6. Develop strategies to identify resources to effectively market and recruit students into the program, especially both nationwide and internationally. It is recommended that both undergraduate and graduate programs are promoted as a packet to develop skilled workforce and middle management qualified personnel. 7. Explore expanding the program to an international audience. Delivery System: 1. All faculty will use the BbLearn grade book to communicate student progress. Presently, faculty members use a mix of strategies and tools to track and inform candidates of their progress in the course. With the availability of BbLearn course shells for all courses, the CTE faculty members will begin implementing the grade book inherent in this system as a common means of tracking and informing candidates of their progress in course within the program. 2. With the help of an advisory board, determine if the program will be more attractive by offering hybrid courses instead of all online courses. Although online course and program offerings are attractive to busy adults, it is recognized that a hybrid mode of delivery combines the best of in-person and online courses. 3. Seek internal and external funding to revamp courses and program foci to make them more attuned to present industry standards and course delivery needs. This possibility will be explored by full time faculty when they meet for their semester retreat. Do we want to look into hybrid/blended classes to align with the President’s initiatives on blended learning? Should we pursue grants to garner external funding for course transformation/conversion? M.Ed. in Career and Technical Education Page 13