This file contains the simulation figures from Rousseau
and Cantor (2003). The remaining figures appear in the
text of the paper.
The Evolution of Trading and Military Strategies:
An Agent-Based Simulation
1 August 2003
David L. Rousseau
Assistant Professor
Department of Political Science
235 Stiteler Hall
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, PA 19104
E-mail: rousseau@sas.upenn.edu
Phone: (215) 898-6187
Fax: (215) 573-2073
and
Max Cantor
Department of Political Science
and the School of Engineering and Applied Science
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, PA 19104
E-mail: mxcantor@sas.upenn.edu
Paper prepared for the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association,
August 28-31, 2003, Philadelphia, PA. Please send comments to the first author.
Figure 8: Output From The Baseline Model
A) Distribution of traits in
the landscape at iteration
1000 (Attribute=1 shown
in black).
B) Distribution of War
shown by black lines
connecting nodes.
C) Distribution of Trade
shown by green lines
connecting nodes.
F) Change in the Percentage of States Having
Traits 1, 2, 12, &13 Across Time.
D) Spatial Distribution of Wealth
(Blue above 1000 and Red
Below 1000 Power Unites)
G) Average Number of Wars, Trade,
and Gini Coefficient Across Time
Figure 10: H1: Increasing the Gains From Trade
A) Distribution of traits in
the landscape at iteration
1000 (Attribute=1 shown
in black).
B) Distribution of War
shown by black lines
connecting nodes.
C) Distribution of Trade
shown by green lines
connecting nodes.
F) Change in the Percentage of States Having
a Traits 1, 2, 12, &13 Across Time.
D) Spatial Distribution of Wealth
(Blue above 1000 and Red
Below 1000 Power Unites)
G) Average Number of Wars, Trade,
and Gini Coefficient Across Time
Figure 11: H2: Offense Dominance
A) Distribution of traits in
the landscape at iteration
1000 (Attribute=1 shown
in black).
B) Distribution of War
shown by black lines
connecting nodes.
C) Distribution of Trade
shown by green lines
connecting nodes.
F) Change in the Percentage of States Having
a Traits 1, 2, 12, &13 Across Time.
D) Spatial Distribution of Wealth
(Blue above 1000 and Red
Below 1000 Power Unites)
G) Average Number of Wars, Trade,
and Gini Coefficient Across Time
Figure 12: H3: Permitting Trade with Non-Neighbors
A) Distribution of traits in
the landscape at iteration
1000 (Attribute=1 shown
in black).
B) Distribution of War
shown by black lines
connecting nodes.
C) Distribution of Trade
shown by green lines
connecting nodes.
F) Change in the Percentage of States Having
a Traits 1, 2, 12, &13 Across Time.
D) Spatial Distribution of Wealth
(Blue above 1000 and Red
Below 1000 Power Unites)
G) Average Number of Wars, Trade,
and Gini Coefficient Across Time
Power Level
Relative to Start
Trade, War and
Inequality Across Time
Gene Prevalence
Over Time
Trades: Line
Connections
Wars: Line
Connections
Figure 13: H5: Altering the Exit Payoffs
0.10 Exit Payoffs
Baseline Model
0.90 Exit Payoffs
Power Level
Relative to Start
Trade, War and
Inequality Across Time
Gene Prevalence
Over Time
Trades: Line
Connections
Wars: Line
Connections
Figure 14: Absolute versus Relative Payoffs in the Trade Game
Absolute Payoffs
Relative Payoffs
Figure 15: Rapid Learning Representative Runs
A) Distribution of traits in
the landscape at iteration
1000 (Attribute=1 shown
in black).
B) Distribution of War
shown by black lines
connecting nodes.
C) Distribution of Trade
shown by green lines
connecting nodes.
F) Change in the Percentage of States Having
a Traits 1, 2, 12, &13 Across Time.
D) Spatial Distribution of Wealth
(Blue above 1000 and Red
Below 1000 Power Unites)
G) Average Number of Wars, Trade,
and Gini Coefficient Across Time
Figure 16: Simultaneously Raise Trade Benefits and War Costs
A) Distribution of traits in
the landscape at iteration
1000 (Attribute=1 shown
in black).
B) Distribution of War
shown by black lines
connecting nodes.
C) Distribution of Trade
shown by green lines
connecting nodes.
F) Change in the Percentage of States Having
a Traits 1, 2, 12, &13 Across Time.
D) Spatial Distribution of Wealth
(Blue above 1000 and Red
Below 1000 Power Unites)
G) Average Number of Wars, Trade,
and Gini Coefficient Across Time
Figure 17: Simultaneously Allow Rapid Learning, Increased Trade Benefits, & Increased War Costs
A) Distribution of traits in
the landscape at iteration
1000 (Attribute=1 shown
in black).
B) Distribution of War
shown by black lines
connecting nodes.
C) Distribution of Trade
shown by green lines
connecting nodes.
F) Change in the Percentage of States Having
a Traits 1, 2, 12, &13 Across Time.
D) Spatial Distribution of Wealth
(Blue above 1000 and Red
Below 1000 Power Unites)
G) Average Number of Wars, Trade,
and Gini Coefficient Across Time
Figure 18: Relative Gains, Rapid Learning, Increased Trade Benefits, & Increased War Costs
A) Distribution of traits in
the landscape at iteration
1000 (Attribute=1 shown
in black).
B) Distribution of War
shown by black lines
connecting nodes.
C) Distribution of Trade
shown by green lines
connecting nodes.
F) Change in the Percentage of States Having
a Traits 1, 2, 12, &13 Across Time.
D) Spatial Distribution of Wealth
(Blue above 1000 and Red
Below 1000 Power Unites)
G) Average Number of Wars, Trade,
and Gini Coefficient Across Time