Chapter 13 Section 1 Notes
What Was “The West”?
Early Americans thought of the area between the ___________________________ and the
_______________________________ as the western frontier.
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A frontier is ___________________________________________________________________.
By the 1820s, however, Americans began looking _____________________________________.
Stretching for seemingly endless miles to the west, the ________________________ lie between the
_____________________________ and the _______________________________.
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Settlers in the early 1800s were ______________________________________.
o Farmers did not consider the land __________________________________________.
o Breaking up the dense sod that covered the plains would be
_________________________________.
For many settlers in the early 1800s, the Great Plains were simply a route to the
__________________.
o Some were attracted to the area known as __________________________ in the
Northwest.
o Others were interested in the _________________________ of the Southwest.
In the Northwest, settlers were attracted to the __________________________ stretching from beyond
the __________________________ to the _______________________.
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This area is now occupied by the states of ________________ and __________________ as well
as most of ________________________________ in Canada.
In the early 1800s, _______________________________, ___________________________,
__________________, and _________________ all claimed this land as their own.
The ________________________________ in the Southwest were another major destination for
settlers heading west.
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This area, known as the _______________________________, was part of _________________
Today, the lands of the Southwest include present-day ___________________, _____________,
___________________, ___________________, ________________________,
______________, and about half of _____________________.
o Ruled first by _______________, then by _______________, these lands had a culture
and history very different from that of the ________________________________.
Mexican Settlements
Like England and France, Spain followed a policy of ______________________ towards its colonies.

It was illegal for settlers in New Spain to ______________________________________.
o ____________________________ were sent to Spain.
o _______________________________ were shipped to the Spanish colonies for sale.
American-born children of Spanish settlers were called ________________.
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Spanish settlers, ___________________________, and ________________ intermarried
creating a group called the __________________.
By the 1800s, this combination of ethnic groups had created a
__________________________________________.
Spanish missionaries, such as ______________________________ in California, were determined to
convert Native Americans to ____________________________.
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Many Indians in the borderlands were forced to ______________________________________.
o There they ______________________________________ and
_________________________.
o They also learned about the ____________________________.
In the end, the mission system led to deaths of thousands of Native Americans from
___________________ or ____________________.
Spanish settlers and Native Americans exchanged _____________________, ________________, and
__________________.
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The Spanish brought their __________________, __________________, and _____________ to
the area.
The Indians introduced the Spanish to such foods as _____________, _______________, and
__________________.
Spanish settlers adopted Native American clothing such as _______________ and
___________________.
Southwestern ______________________ reflected this blending of cultures.
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
The general style of buildings was _______________________.
However, Native Americans brought their ___________ and ____________________________.
o Churches and other buildings were made of ___________________________________,
a traditional Native American building material.
In 1821, ______________________________________________________________.
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Unlike Spain, Mexico allowed its people to ___________________________________________
that landed on its shores.
o They also permitted overland trade with the ____________________________.
Under Spanish rule, ______________________, or _____________________________________
had been granted to only a few peninsulares.
o Mexico, however, made many grants to individual ________________, or
______________________________.
o Mexico also removed the ________________ from church control and distributed
mission lands to __________________ and a few ______________________________.
 Much of this land belonged to __________________________________.
 Indians often responded by ________________________________, but
they were soon ___________________.
 By the 1850s, the Indian population in the Southwest had been
____________________________.
Manifest Destiny
From the beginning, Americans had been interested in _____________________________.
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Expansion means ____________________________________________________________.
___________________________ was one of many who believed that the nation must increase
in size to make room for its _____________________________.
o By the 1840s, many Americans __________________________ westward expansion.
o The phrase __________________________ quickly became popular.
 It described the belief that the United States was
________________________________________________________________.