Chapter 19 & 20
Verb Review
1.
When we refer to the tense of
the verb, we mean the _________
time
when the action occurs.
2.
The action of a present tense verb
present but the
happens in the ________
action of an imperfect tense verb
past
was happening in the __________.
3.
4.
The imperfect tense in Latin is
-baindicated by the tense sign _______
which appears before the personal
endings -m,-s,-t,-mus,-tis,-nt
Exceptions to this rule are the
sum, esse
irregular verbs ____________
and ____________
possum, posse which have the
-era- in their imperfect
letters ______
forms.
Activity 1: Conjugate the following verb in the present and imperfect
tense.
duco, ducere, duxi, ductus
Latin singular English
singular
1st:
2nd:
3rd:
Latin plural
English
plural
Tenses:
Present: Caupo mussat.
The innkeeper mutters.
Imperfect: Caupo mussabat.
The innkeeper was
muttering.
Perfect: Caupo mussavit.
The innkeeper muttered.
The perfect tense may also refer to an
action that someone has completed of
present time:
Servus meus alium tibi paravit.
My slave has prepared another
bed for you.
Perfect Endings!!
singular
plural
1st:
-i = I
-imus = we
2nd:
-isti = you
-istis = you all
3rd:
-it = he, she, it
-erunt = they
Marcus
slaves
How to form the perfect tense:
1.
drop the -i from the 3rd principal
part + perfect endings
intro, intrāre, intravi, intratus
mitto, mittere, misi, missus
3rd principal
part
intrav-
3rd principal
part
mis-
In many verbs, the stem for the perfect tense endings in -v-,
-s-,-u-, -x-, or -d-.
duco, ducere, duxi, ductus
Latin singular
English singular
Latin plural
English plural
1st:
duxi
I led, I have led duximus
we led, we have
led
2nd:
duxisti
you led,
you have led
duxistis
you all led,
you all have led
3rd:
duxit
he led,
he has led
duxerunt
they led,
they have led
Principal Parts of Verbs
When we refer to a Latin verb, we normally give the four principal
parts, from which all forms of that verb may be derived. Since
Chapter 10 you have been seeing the first two principal parts of
verbs in vocabulary lists. All four principal parts of the verb paro
are:
paro:
1st person, singular, present tense =I prepare, I am
preparing, I do prepare
parāre: present infinitive = to prepare
paravi:
1st person, singular, perfect tense = I prepared, I have
prepared, I did prepare
paratus: perfect passive participle = having been prepared,
prepared
present
1st:
lacrimo
infinitive
perfect
lacrimāre
lacrimavi
participle
meaning
lacrimatus to cry,
weep
2nd:
habeo
habēre
habui
habitus
to have,
hold
3rd:
mitto
mittere
misi
missus
to send
3rd –io:
iacio
iacere
ieci
iactus
to throw
4th:
audio
audīre
audivi
auditus
to hear,
listen
1.
In future vocabulary lists, the principal parts of verbs in
the 1st, 2nd and 4th conjugations that follow set patterns
will appear as follows:
paro, -āre, -avi, atus
to prepare
habeo, -ēre, -ui, -itus
to have, hold
audio,-īre, -ivi, -itus
to hear, listen
2.
There is not set pattern for 3rd conjugation verbs. Their
principal parts will be given in vocabulary lists in full:
duco, ducere, duxi, ductus to lead
3.
The principal parts of irregular verbs will be given in full
with the notation
irreg.:
sum, esse, fui, futurs
to be
eo, īre, ivi, itus
to go
Activity 3: Conjugate the following verbs in the perfect
tense.
Latin singular English
singular
1st:
2nd:
3rd:
Latin plural
English
plural
Activity 4: Translate into English
1.
Cornelius erat sollicitus quod omnes cauponae
erant periculosae et multi caupones erant scelesti.
Cornelius was worried because all inns were
dangerous and many innkeepers were wicked.
2.
3.
In magnam cauponam tamen intravit et cauponem
obesum bonam cenam parāre iussit.
He entered into the large inn however and ordered
the fat innkeeper to prepare a good dinner.
Cornelius cum omnibus viatoribus cenabat.
Cornelius was dining with all the travelers.
4.
5.
6.
Subito Aurelia gemuit quod cubiculum sordidum
erat.
Suddenly Aurelia groaned because the
bedroom was dirty.
Mox servi cauponis lectum meliorem in cubiculum
poratverunt.
Soon the slaves of the innkeeper carried a
better bed into the bedroom.
Cornelii uxor defessa cubitum īre poterat.
The tired wife of Cornelius was able to go
to bed.
Activity 5 - Supply the appropriate perfect tense endings, and then translate.
1.
Ubi tunica Sexti in ramis haerebat; nos omnes
imus
ris_________.
When the tunic of Sextus was stuck in the
branches; we all laughed
2.
Quo ivit Cornelia? Ego et Marcus patrem
imus
hoc(this) rogav_________,
sed ille(he) nihil
it
respond__________.
Where has Cornelia gone? Marcus and I
asked father this, but he replied nothing.
3.
it
Quamquam Sextus fu_________
molestus, servi
erunt
eum non verberav__________.
Although Sextus was/has been annoying, the
slaves have not beat him.
4.
istis
Ubi heri fu_________,
Marce et Cornelia? Pater
erunt
et mater nos iuss_________
hic manēre.
Where were you all/have you all been,
Marcus and Cornelia? Father and mother
ordered us to stay here.
5.
istis
Postquam vos cenav_________,
cubitum īre
istis
volu_________.
After you all dined, you all wanted to go
to bed.
6.
isti
Tune Cornelium vid_______,
ubi tu Romam
isti
i
adven_______?
Ego certe eum non vid______.
Have you seen/Did you see Cornelius, when
you arrived to Rome? I certainly have not
seen/did not see him.