Chapter 2
What does the word subject
refer to in grammar?
the person or thing that performs
the action of the verb
Jupiter loves Europa.
Who loves Europa? ANSWER: Jupiter
What is a verb?
a word that expresses the actions,
events or states of being
different types of words that are verbs:
• physical activity
to run, to hit, to talk, to walk
• mental activity
to hope, to believe, to dream, to think
• a state or condition to be, to feel, to have, to sleep
What is a linking verb?
does not perform an action - connects
the subject to additional information
about the subject
a verb that is like an = sign
Mark is my best friend.
Mark = best friend.
Identify the subjects and verbs
v
Cornelia est puella Romana.
s
Puellae in Italiā habitant.
linking
The verb est is a __________
verb
___________
when it
links
__________
the subject with a
noun or an adjective. This noun
or adjective completes the
pattern of the sentence and is
complement
called a _______________.
Cornelia est puella.
Cornelia is a girl.
Flavia defessa est.
Flavia is tired.
Does the placement of est
change the meaning of the
sentence? no
inflected
Latin is an ______________
language. That means that
endings
the _____________
change
to tell parts of speech.
Puella in agris currit quod laeta est.
Puellae in agris currunt quod laetae
sunt.
What other words changed in the
sentence?
puella and laeta
If the subject is ____________
singular
with an -a then the verb will end
-t
in _____.
If the subject is
plural
___________
with an -ae then
the verb will end in ______.
-nt
Subject
Verb
-a
-t (singular)
-ae
(singular)
(plural)
-a et -a (plural)
-nt
(plural)
-nt
(plural)
Activity 1 - In the story on p. 7 find all the verbs that end in
-t and -nt.
-t
-nt
est
ambulat
sunt
habitant
sedet
currit
sedent
ambulant
legit
scribit
Activity 2 - Write S in the blank if a singular verb would be
required and P if a plural verb:
1. amica
4. villa
7. puella
2. puellae
5. amicae
8. villae
3. Flavia et Aurelia
6. pictura
9. Cornelia
Activity 3 - Choose the correct word and translate
1. Flavia in villā vicinā _____.
habitat, habitant
2. Cornelia et Flavia sub arbore ____.
sedet/sedent
3. Cornelia et Flavia defessae _____.
est/sunt
4. Flavia strenua _______.
est/sunt
5. Cornelia et Flavia sunt ______.
puella Romana/
puellae Romanae
6. Puellae in agris non iam ______.
currit/currunt
Activity 4 -Translate - label s, v, c
1.
In picturā sunt puellae nomine Cornelia et Flavia.
2.
Flavia in agris currit.
3.
Brevi tempore puellae ex agris ambulant.
4.
Tandem puellae ad villam rusticam lente ambulant.
Activity 5 - Practice translating sentences with UNEXPRESSED
subjects:
1.
Sub arbore sedet.
2.
In agris currunt.
3.
Brevi tempore defessa est.
4.
In Italiā habitant.
Activity 6 - Answer TRUE or FALSE about the story on page 7.
________
1.
Cornelia et Flavia sunt puellae Romanae.
________
2.
Flavia et Cornelia in agris habitant.
________
3.
Hodie Flavia in agris non est.
________
4.
Cornelia ex agris ambulat quod defessa est.
________
5.
Flavia saepe in villā currit.
________
6.
Amicae in agris ambulat, sed brevi tempore Cornelia
defessa est.
________
7.
Flavia non defessa est.
________
8.
Tandem Flavia sub arbore sedet et scribit.
________
9.
Brevi tempore amicae non currunt, sed sub arbore
sedent
________
10.
Tandem puellae ex agris ad villam rusticam lente
ambulant.