Anatomy & Physiology study guide – test 3
Lecture 12:
Be able to identify the different types of leukocytes, their functions or special
features, and relative frequencies (most abundant to least abundant).
Note the functional capabilities of leukocytes that enable their defense against
infection.
Be able to outline the basic pattern of leukopoiesis.
Be able to name two methods of assessing white cell status in the blood and describe
some white cell disorders..
Be able to list the cardinal signs of inflammation and describe the physiological
events that contribute to the signs (e.g., hyperemia & vasodilation, permeability
increase & edema, etc.)
Be able to explain the beneficial effects of acute inflammation & harmful effects of
chronic inflammation.
Lecture 13:
Note the functions of lymphatic system and be able to list the lymphoid tissues of the
body.
Note the two basic patterns of immune response and identify the specific
lymphocyte(s) mainly involved in delivering the response.
Be able to describe antigens & antibodies, and note the outcomes of antigen antibody
binding.
Be able to describe the roles of T cells in CMI.
Be able to explain the phenomenon of sensitization and show how it is related to
vaccination.
Lecture 14:
Identify the features of the ABO system and the Rh system of blood types.
Be able to discuss the problem of Rh incompatibility in pregnancy.
Note the significance of antigens of MHC, especially related to graft rejection.
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Be able to explain why immunosuppression is practiced for transplant patients.
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Lecture 15:
Be able to explain the role of platelets in hemostasis.
Be able to outline some important differences between intrinsic and extrinsic
pathways for prothrombin activation.
Explain the importance of thrombin and fibrinogen in coagulation.
Be able to identify examples of anticoagulants and note their importance.
Be able to identify examples of clotting disorders.
Lecture 16:
Be able to describe the basic design of the cardiovascular system.
Be able to describe the wall layers and chambers of the heart including valves.
Note the major arteries and veins of coronary circulation.
Lecture 17:
Be able to describe the characteristics of cardiac muscle, including its electrical
activity.
Be able to describe the components of EKG and their significance.
Note the major events of the cardiac cycle, including valve actions and their relation
to heart sounds.
Be able to describe the factors that determine cardiac output including those that
oppose it (afterload)
Lecture 18:
Be able to describe the wall layers of blood vessels noting differences between
arteries and veins.
Note significance of pulse pressure, palpation of pulse, systolic and diastolic BP & its
measurement
Be able to explain the operation of one-way valves and auxiliary pumps in promoting
venous return.
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Be able to describe a microcirculatory unit, including variations in capillary
permeability & where they occur.
Be able to describe vasomotion and active hyperemia in relation to perfusion of a
tissue; note how tissue fluid exchange occurs in microcirculation.
Lecture 19:
Be able to outline the relationships between blood flow, blood pressure, & vascular
resistance.
Note how blood pressure may be regulated by altering heart function &/or vascular
resistance.
Be able to outline two major reflexes that may regulate BP.
Be able to discriminate between chronotropic and inotropic effects.
Note the important roles of cardiovascular centers & the autonomic nervous system
in regulation of BP.
Be able to discuss cardiovascular adjustments to digestion of a large meal, and to
vigorous exercise.