ELEMENTARY SCHOOL ONE
TOWN, MARYLAND
Jonathan Cann
Mechanical Option
BAE/MAE Integrated Program
www.nps.gov/nr/
Advisor: Dr. Treado
Spring 2015
www.janneyschool.org
Presentation Outline
Building Statistics
Project Background
Existing Conditions
Proposal
Mechanical Depth
Existing Building: Built 1925
National Register of Historic Places
Gross Square Feet : 84,400
Overall Project Budget: $25 Million
Completion Date: August 2011
3 stories above grade, 1 below
Function: Educational
Acoustical Breadth
Conclusion
maps.google.com
Jonathan Cann
Elementary School One
Mechanical Option
Presentation Outline
Project Background
Existing Conditions
Location and Weather
Town, Maryland
Relative Humidity – 50%
Summer
Winter
Designed Dry Bulb (°F)
91
13
Designed Wet Bulb (°F)
77
-
Indoor Air Temperature (°F)
75
72
Proposal
Mechanical Depth
Acoustical Breadth
Conclusion
Weather data based on Baltimore, Maryland
www.ashrae.org
Jonathan Cann
Elementary School One
Mechanical Option
Presentation Outline
First Floor
Mechanical Layout
Project Background
Blue:
RTU-1 & 2 Cafeteria
Existing Conditions
Orange:
RTU-3 &4 (DOAS) and VRF
Proposal
Purple:
RTU- 5 (DOAS) and VRF
Mechanical Depth
Green:
RTU-6 & 7 Multipurpose
Red:
AHU-1 Administrative Offices
Acoustical Breadth
Basement
Second Floor
Third Floor
Conclusion
Jonathan Cann
Elementary School One
Mechanical Option
Presentation Outline
Mechanical Schedule
Project Background
Existing Conditions
Proposal
Mechanical Depth
Acoustical Breadth
Conclusion
Rooftop Unit Schedule
Unit No.
Area Served
Supply CFM
Total Load (MBH)
RTU-1
Cafeteria
7500
227
RTU-2
Cafeteria
7500
227
RTU-3
Exist. Bldg.
8300
350
RTU-4
Exist. Bldg.
5600
236.9
RTU-5
Addition
10650
538
RTU-6
Multi-purpose
7500
235
RTU-7
Multi-purpose
7500
235
Air Cooled Condensing Units Schedules (VRF System)
Unit No.
Cooling (MBH)
Heating (MBH)
Condenser CFM
CU-VRF-1
439
494
20100
CU-VRF-2
343
386
20100
CU-VRF-3
305
343
13400
www.daikin.com
Jonathan Cann
Elementary School One
Mechanical Option
Mechanical Schematics
Presentation Outline
Project Background
Existing Conditions
Proposal
Mechanical Depth
Acoustical Breadth
Conclusion
Jonathan Cann
RTU- 1, 2, 6 & 7
RTU- 3, 4, & 5
DOAS
Elementary School One
VRF System
Mechanical Option
Presentation Outline
Energy Use & Emissions
Project Background
% of Total Building Energy
Total Building Energy (kBtu/yr)
21.56%
30.80%
0.51%
47.13%
100%
894,258
1,277,511
21,069
1,954,985
4,147,823
Heating
Cooling
Receptacles
Lighting
Total
Existing Conditions
Proposal
Mechanical Depth
Acoustical Breadth
Building Emissions
CO2 (lbm/year) SO2 (gm/year) NOx (gm/year)
1,626,597.0
14,638.5
2,801.8
Conclusion
Jonathan Cann
Elementary School One
Mechanical Option
Presentation Outline
Project Background
Proposal Goals
Depth: Implement a geothermal system to
improve the buildings energy use.
Existing Conditions
Proposal
Breadth: The impact of a geothermal system on
the construction management of the project.
Mechanical Depth
Acoustical Breadth
Conclusion
Jonathan Cann
Breadth: Perform acoustical analysis to insure
the comfort of the spaces
www.nps.gov/nr/
Elementary School One
Mechanical Option
Proposed System
Presentation Outline
Project Background
Water-cooled VRF units coupled with closed loop
ground coupled heat pump
Existing Conditions
Proposal
Mechanical Depth
Acoustical Breadth
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
More efficient than air-cooled condensers
Constant thermal properties
Reduces noise pollution
Minimal site area loss
High initial cost (long term owners)
Renewable energy source (earth)
Low maintenance
Conclusion
Jonathan Cann
Ball State University
Elementary School One
Mechanical Option
Presentation Outline
Site & Well Properties
Soil Properties
Dry Density
Conductivity (k)
Diffusivity (α)
Project Background
Existing Conditions
Proposal
Annual Average Ground Temperature - 55ºF
Mechanical Depth
Acoustical Breadth
Conclusion
Well Design Details
Radius of bore
SDR 11
Rpipe
Rgrout
Rbore
Wet dense sand
120 lb/ft^3
1.63 Btu/h*ft*°F
0.91 ft^2/day
0.42
1.00
0.10
0.05
0.15
ft
in
ft*hr*°F/Btu
ft*hr*°F/Btu
ft*hr*°F/Btu
Geothermal Heat Pump Design Manual by McQuay Air Conditioning
Jonathan Cann
Elementary School One
Mechanical Option
Presentation Outline
Project Background
Geothermal Calculations
Required Bore Length for Cooling (ft)
Existing Conditions
Proposal
Required Bore Length for Heating (ft)
Mechanical Depth
Acoustical Breadth
Conclusion
Jonathan Cann
Equations from ASHRAE Handbook
Elementary School One
Net annual average heat transfer to the ground
Building design cooling block load (or heating)
Power input at design cooling load (or heating)
Effective thermal resistance of ground annual pulse
Effective thermal resistance of ground monthly pulse
Effective thermal resistance of ground daily pulse
Thermal resistance of bore
Short circuit heat loss factor
Part load factor during design month
Undisturbed ground temperature
Liquid temperature at heat pump inlet
Liquid temperature at heat pump outlet
Temperature penalty
Symbol
Qa
Qlc (or Qlh)
Wc (or Wh)
Rga
Rgm
Rgd
Rb
Fsc
PLFm
tg
twi
two
tp
Cooling
251,250
2,010,000
130,000
0.2438
0.223
0.131
0.15
1.04
1.00
55
74
83
2.00
Heating
150,000
1,200,000
130,000
0.2438
0.223
0.131
0.15
1.04
1.00
55
44
36
2.00
Units
Btu/h
Btu/h
W
ft*hr*°F/Btu
ft*hr*°F/Btu
ft*hr*°F/Btu
ft*hr*°F/Btu
Length
# of wells
33,689
84.2
32,454
81.1
ft
°F
°F
°F
°F
Mechanical Option
Well Layout
Presentation Outline
85 wells
Project Background
400 ft deep wells
Existing Conditions
1
15 ft well spacing
Proposal
Area used 19,125 sq. ft.
Mechanical Depth
2,3
Pump located in East Mechanical Room
Acoustical Breadth
maps.google.com
Direct return piping
Conclusion
Jonathan Cann
Elementary School One
Mechanical Option
Pipe & Flow Design
Presentation Outline
480 GPM
Project Background
2.9 GPM/ton design
Existing Conditions
6” header pipe
Proposal
2” row pipe
Mechanical Depth
1” well U-tube
Acoustical Breadth
Conclusion
Jonathan Cann
5” bore diameter
www.kochergeowelldrilling.com
Elementary School One
Mechanical Option
Well Pump Selection
Presentation Outline
Project Background
Table 22- Head Loss
Friction Loss
6.8 ft
Fixture Loss
109 ft
Velocity Loss
0.4 ft
Total head loss 116.2 ft
Existing Conditions
Proposal
Mechanical Depth
www.goulds.com
Acoustical Breadth
Conclusion
Jonathan Cann
Size
4x4x7
Head
116.2 ft
Flow Rate
480 gpm
RPM
3500
HP
20
Manufacturer
Goulds
Model
AC-135.3F
www.goulds.com
Elementary School One
Mechanical Option
Presentation Outline
Water-Cooled VRF Unit Selection
Unified heat pump and heat recovery
Project Background
Units in series to reach needed capacity
Existing Conditions
Daikin
Unit
Capacity
Cooling
(Btu/h)
EER
Capacity
Acoustical Breadth
Heating
Conclusion
CU-VRF-1
(3)x 21 ton + 12 ton
CU-VRF-2
(2)x 21 ton + 7 ton
CU-VRF-3
21 ton + 18 ton + 6 ton
Self heat recovery between modules
Proposal
Mechanical Depth
Units
(Btu/h)
COP
VRV-WIII Series
21 ton
18 ton
12 ton
7 ton
6 ton
252,000
216,000
144,000
84,000
72,000
15.0
15.3
15.3
15.0
15.3
283,500
243,000
162,000
94,000
81,000
4.7
5.3
5.3
4.7
5.3
www.daikin.com
Jonathan Cann
Elementary School One
Mechanical Option
Presentation Outline
Heat Exchanger Details
Ground Temperature 55ºF
Project Background
Existing Conditions
Ground Coupled Side
Proposal
• 20% glycol / 80% water
Mechanical Depth
Jonathan Cann
• R140a
www.dreamstime.com
Acoustical Breadth
Conclusion
VRF Side
Cooling
Heating
Water
Tin
Tout
74°F
83°F
44°F
36°F
GPM
480
480
Refrigerant
Tin
Tout GPM
76°F 50°F 280
105°F 89°F 280
Elementary School One
Indoor Units Air
Supply
Return
53-55°F 78-80°F
78-81°F 68-70°F
EA Credit 6
Refrigerant
Q (tons)
R-410a
324
Refrigerant
Impact per ton
95.7
Credit (<100)
Yes
Mechanical Option
Presentation Outline
Alternative System Energy Use
Project Background
Table 25- Alternative Yearly Energy Consumption
Existing Conditions
Heating
Cooling
Lighting
Receptacle
Total
Cost
Proposal
Mechanical Depth
Acoustical Breadth
Building
kWh
185,431
192,269
572,805
6,173
956,678
$131,064.90
Building
kBtu/yr
632,320
656,215
1,954,985
21,069
3,264,589
Source
kBtu/yr
1,896,960
1,968,843
5,865,541
63,213
9,794,557
Conclusion
Jonathan Cann
Elementary School One
Mechanical Option
Presentation Outline
Project Background
Existing Conditions
Proposal
Mechanical Depth
Acoustical Breadth
Energy & Emissions Comparison
Table 26- Yearly Energy Breakdown
Original System
Alternative System
Yearly Savings
Building (kWh)
1,215,300
956,678
258,622
Building (kBtu/yr)
4,147,823
3,264,589
883,234
Source (kBtu/yr)
12,444,711
9,794,557
2,650,154
Cost
$166,496.09
$131,064.90
$35,431.19
Emissions Comparison- 21.3% less
Original Design
Alternative Design
CO2 (lbm/year)
1,626,597.0
1,280,231.0
SO2 (gm/year)
14,638.5
11,521.4
NOx (gm/year)
2,801.8
2,205.2
Conclusion
Jonathan Cann
Elementary School One
Mechanical Option
Presentation Outline
Payback Period
Table 28- Payback Period
Project Background
Existing Conditions
Proposal
Mechanical Depth
Federal Tax Rebate
• 10 % of initial material and labor cost
• EER ≥ 14.1
• COP ≥ 3.3
Without rebate Payback Period = 19.53 years
Acoustical Breadth
Original System
Alternative System
With 10% Rebate
System Difference
Yearly Energy Savings
Cost
$56,348.44
$692,071.26
$622,564.13
$566,215.69
$35,431.19
Payback Period
15.98 Years
191.77
Months
Conclusion
Jonathan Cann
Elementary School One
Mechanical Option
Presentation Outline
Cost Comparison
Original
Project Background
Material
Mechanical Cost
Existing Conditions
Proposal
Mechanical Depth
Acoustical Breadth
Total Construction Cost
Original Design
$3,461,864
$20,969,617
Alternative Design
$4,028,079
$21,535,833
Percent Increase
16.4%
2.7%
Labor
Alternative
Condensers
Controls
$42,377.00
$823.00
Condensers
Controls
$11,985.00
$1,163.00
Total Cost
Pump
Antifreeze
Water
Material
Investigation
$56,348.00
Original Building cost is based on 2015 using inflation from 2010.
Labor
maps.google.com
Conclusion
Controls
Elementary School One
$6,786
$14
$1,475
$915
Loop
$424,521
Sub-total
$452,911
Pump
$1,842
Controls
$2,952
Investigation
$3,993
Loop
$230,373
Sub-total
$239,160
Total Cost
Jonathan Cann
$19,200
$692,071
Mechanical Option
Presentation Outline
Multi-purpose Room Acoustical Treatment
After: NC – 39
Project Background
Before: NC > 65
Existing Conditions
Added Treatment:
• 2” duct lining (60 ft each)
• One duct silencer each
Proposal
Mechanical Depth
Goal NC-45
Cost Breakdown
Duct lining = $11,457
Duct Silencers= $4,700
Acoustical Breadth
Total Cost = $16,157
Conclusion
Jonathan Cann
Elementary School One
Mechanical Option
Presentation Outline
Project Background
Existing Conditions
Proposal
Mechanical Depth
Acoustical Breadth
Cafeteria Acoustical Treatment
Before: NC - 52
Goal NC-45
After: NC – 41
Added Treatment:
• One duct silencer each (36”x12”x50”)
Cost Breakdown
Duct Silencers= $4,000
Total Cost = $4,000
Not recommended extra cost
Conclusion
Jonathan Cann
Elementary School One
Mechanical Option
Presentation Outline
Conclusion
Project Background
System Initial Cost - $692,071.26
Existing Conditions
Monthly Savings - $2952.60
Proposal
Payback Period of System – 15.98
years
Mechanical Depth
EUI Reduction – 21.3%
Acoustical Breadth
Conclusion
Jonathan Cann
www.nps.gov/nr/
ww.nbm.org
Elementary School One
Mechanical Option
Acknowledgements
Penn State Faculty
JVP Engineers
Dr. Stephen Treado
All my peers that helped during the process
All my friends and family for their support
www.kumicm.com
www.nps.gov/nr/
Jonathan Cann
Elementary School One
Mechanical Option
Questions?
www.kumicm.com
www.nps.gov/nr/
Jonathan Cann
Elementary School One
Mechanical Option