Building Introduction & Thesis
Original Design Critique
Hoboken, NJ
System 1: Industry Standard
System 2: Design System
“Sustainable
HVAC Configurations
System
3: Domestic
Geothermal
for Condominiums”
System 4: Central Geothermal
Conclusions
Jenny Hamp
Mechanical Option
Coconut Building:
15 Million
Silver LEED
Bijou Properties
SHoP Architects
Buro Happold Engineers
Building Introduction & Thesis
Original Design Critique
System
Industry
Standard
Thesis
Analysis:1:
Impact
of Mechanical
systems on
Condominium
System building
2: Design System
How System
much can 3:
we Domestic
improve the Geothermal
total
performance of condominiums by changing the
System 4: Central Geothermal
mechanical system?
Conclusions
What are the constraints for this kind of
building?
Original Design Critique: Cooling
e-
Original Design Critique: Heating
But to Understand why the Design System is LEED
Industry
Standard
Terminal
rated, we
need to System:
look at the
standard
So
why issystem
this the industry standard
Heat
Pump
condominium
for Condominiums?
-Inexpensive, and since the owner sees no
payback, it’s the best choice
-Only needs electricity
installed to run
e-
-Virtually no responsibility
for the owner after installed
Original Design
$3100/
yr
$40,000
Initial
Terminal Heat Pump
4.1 G
Btu/yr
$4800
/yr
$16,000
Initial
4.4 G
Btu/yr
Packaged Terminal
Heat Pump
Terminal Packaged
Geothermal
Maybe we can get the best of both
systems.
If a geothermal loop is used to improve the
COP of packaged heat pumps, perhaps we
can get high efficiency, have better heating
distribution, and keep individual control.
Original
Design
Terminal Packaged
Geothermal
-0%
-20%
-40%
-60%
$3100/ $40,000
yr
Initial
4.1 G
Btu/yr
$2050/
yr
$40,000
Initial
1.2 G
Btu/yr
Central Geothermal Heat
Pumps
Is it possible to have better
efficiency if we use a central plant?
Packaged geothermal heat pumps are oversized
and don’t have as good overall efficiency as
central water to water heat pumps. So….
Domestic
Central Geothermal Heat
Geothermal
Pumps
-0%
-20%
-40%
-60%
$2050/
yr
$40,000
Initial
1.2 G
Btu/yr
$1830
/ yr
$42,500
Initial
1.0 G
Btu/yr
Original Design
Terminal Heat Pump
Source
Energy
$3100/
yr
$40,000
Initial
4.1 G
Btu/yr
5.6 G
Btu/yr
Domestic Geothermal
$2050/
yr
$40,000
Initial
1.2 G
Btu/yr
3.6 G
Btu/yr
$4800
/yr
$16,000
Initial
4.4 G
Btu/yr
13.1 G
Btu/yr
Central Geothermal
$1830
/ yr
$42,500
Initial
1.0 G
Btu/yr
3.1 G
Btu/yr
A better indicator of
mechanical system
performance…
Total Building
Emissions
(Design System
With compact
fluorescents, CHP
and Sensible
Wheel)
Conclusions:
Condominiums energy consumption can be
significantly changed by investing in
efficient mechanical systems.
The need for autonomy and simple
mechanical systems for condominiums
excludes extensive energy saving
measures
Low energy consumption does not mean
low emissions
Thank you!
Any Questions?
Building Design
Total Mechanical First
Cost
Total Yearly
Maintenance Billing
Fees
Central
Geothermal
Domestic Geothermal
Base Case
$1,200,000
$1,292,398
$1,217,545
$485,870
$11,343
$11,343
$9,843
$5,421
Condominium
Mechanical First Cost
Range
$26,400
$69,960
$28,433
$75,347
$26,786
$70,983
$10,689
$28,326
Condo Utility Bill
Range
$2,120
$5,416
$1,283
$3,171
$1,392
$3,609
$3,428
$8,189
Total Pounds of
Emissions
1,346,097
902,395
962,813
2,266,284
Total Mbtu's, Site
4,075,011
1,045,412
1,182,802
4,377,384
Total Mbtu's, Source
5,643,772
3,100,236
3,548,407
13,132,153
Payback over Base
Case
12
15
8
9
8
9
0
0
Payback over Design
System
0
0
2
2
1
1
-
-
EER
15.1
Scroll Chiller Unloading Curve
100.00%
Water to Water
Geothermal, EER 19.8
80.00%
Percent Full Load Consumption
Modeled as Linear
unloading curves:
60.00%
Series1
40.00%
20.00%
0.00%
0%
20%
40%
60%
Percent Full Load
80%
100%
Water to Air
Geothermal, EER ~17.5
BH Design
Central
Geothermal
item
Size
DHWH Gas
Multi Stage Scroll Chillers
Centrifugal Cooling Towers
Rooftop AHU
Exhaust Fan
Exhaust Fan
Exhaust Fan
Fan Coil Unit
Fan Coil Unit
Fan Coil Unit
Fan Coil Unit
Fin tube Radiators
Boiler
550 gpm
110 ton
125 ton
15000 cfm
815 cfm
1450 cfm
2050 cfm
1.5 ton
2 ton
2.5 ton
3 ton
1 ft
1275 MBh
item
Size
DHWH
Brazed Plate Heat Exchanger
Pressure Tank
Rooftop AHU
Enthalpy Wheel
Additional Duct
50 gal
400 gpm
Vertical Turbine Pump
Test well
Well and Casing and screen
Humidifyer
500 gpm
Water to Water Heat Pumps
Water to Water Heat Pumps
Condensor Loop Pump
Fan Coil Unit, coil and preheat coil
Fan Coil Unit, coil and preheat coil
Fan Coil Unit, coil and preheat coil
Fan Coil Unit, coil and preheat coil
Quantity
2
2
2
1
5
9
3
14
13
22
6
835
2
Quantity
Crew
Q-6
Q-7
Q-7
Q-6
Q-20
Q-20
Q-20
Q-5
Q-5
Q-5
Q-5
Q-5
Q-7
Crew
30
1
1
1
1
2
Q-6
Q-6
1
PLUM
Q-6
Q-10
Q-10
200 lb/hr
1
1
2
1
6 ton
30 ton
3 HP
1.5 ton
2 ton
2.5 ton
3 ton
2
7
4
14
13
22
6
15000 cfm
20000 cfm
20000 cfm
Labor
Hours
Price, Mat & Total Labor Total Price
Instal
Hours
80
190
24.43
61.538
4
4.762
5
2.909
3.048
3.2
4
0.348
89.9
Labor
Hours
44000
72500
19000
21100
635
790
805
1075
1325
1875
2100
50
18600
160
380
48.86
61.538
20
42.858
15
40.726
39.624
70.4
24
290.58
179.8
1373.386
88000
145000
38000
21100
3175
7110
2415
15050
17225
41250
12600
41750
37200
469875
Price, Mat & Total Labor Total Price
Instal
Hours
1.6
30
61.538
30
7
600
29700
2000
21100
17000
10000
48
30
0
61.538
30
14
18000
29700
2000
21100
17000
20000
Q-1
B-23
B-23
Q-5
26.23
26.49
333
261
9075
4375
76500
6550
26.23
26.49
666
261
9075
4375
153000
6550
Q-7
Q-7
Q-1
Q-5
Q-5
Q-5
Q-5
38.005
96.96
8
4.3635
4.572
4.8
6
7175
17600
1584
1612.5
1987.5
2812.5
3150
76.01
678.72
32
61.089
59.436
105.6
36
2212.113
Location
Adjustment
516862.5
Location
Adjustment
14350
123200
6336
22575
25837.5
61875
18900
553873.5 609260.85
Decentral
Geothermal
item
DHWH
Brazed Plate Heat Exchanger
Pressure Tank
Rooftop HP
Packaged
Terminal Heat
Pumps
Size
Quantity
Crew
30 ton
2
1
1
2
Q-6
Q-6
1
PLUM
Q-6
Rooftop AHU
10000 cfm
2
Enthalpy Wheel
Additional Duct
10000 cfm
20000 cfm
Vertical Turbine Pump
Test well
Well and Casing and screen
Humidifyer
500 gpm
Water to air HP
Water to air HP
Water to air HP
Price, Mat & Total Labor Total Price
Instal
Hours
80
30
10
102
44000
29700
2000
23000
160
30
10
204
88000
29700
2000
46000
Q-6
46.154
15600
92.308
31200
2
2
Q-10
Q-10
26.7
7
10000
6000
53.4
14
20000
12000
200 lb/hr
1
1
2
1
Q-1
B-23
B-23
Q-5
26.23
26.49
333
261
9075
4375
76500
6550
26.23
26.49
666
261
9075
4375
153000
6550
1.5 ton
2 ton
2.5 ton
20
19
4
Q-5
Q-5
Q-5
8.89
9.412
10
1900
1975
2100
177.8
178.828
40
1940.056
38000
37525
8400
485825
400 gpm
item
Size
Packaged Terminal Air Conditioner
Split system rooftop unit
OA supply ducts
Exhaust Fan
Exhaust Fan
Exhaust Fan
Exhaust Ducts and Vents
Exhaust Ducts and Vents
Exhaust Ducts and Vents
12000 Btuh
50 ton
20000 cfm
815 cfm
1450 cfm
2050 cfm
815 cfm
1450 cfm
2050 cfm
Original Design Mechanical Cost
Central Geothermal Mechanical Cost
Decentral Geothermal Mechanical Cost
Packaged Unitary Mechanical Cost
Labor
Hours
1,200,000
1,292,398
1,217,545
485,870
Quantity
90
1
2
5
9
3
5
9
3
Crew
Labor
Hours
Q-5
Q-7
Q-10
Q-20
Q-20
Q-20
Q-10
Q-10
Q-10
Per Apartment Average
41,379
44,565
41,984
16,754
4
213
15
4
4.762
5
18
19
20
Price, Mat & Total Labor Total Price
Instal
Hours
1400
111000
9000
635
790
805
9000
10000
13000
360
213
30
20
42.858
15
90
171
60
1001.858
126000
111000
18000
3175
7110
2415
45000
90000
39000
441700
Location
Adjustment
534407.5
Location
Adjustment
485870
Central Geothermal
with EW kwhr
monthly $
first cost
without
kwhr
monthly $
first cost
Decentral Geothermal
with EW kwhr
monthly $
first cost
without
kwhr
monthly $
first cost
January
18,111
29
1,055
February
16,200
29
944
March
18,430
29
1,074
April
12,645
24
737
May
8,052
17
469
June
4,463
11
321
July
4,428
12
318
August
4,315
14
310
34,513
52
2,010
29,326
51
1,708
35,105
54
2,045
17,868
35
1,041
10,533
24
614
5,066
13
364
5,017
16
361
4,758
18
342
15,287
25
890
13,663
25
796
15,579
25
908
10,329
20
602
6,615
14
385
4,352
12
313
4,907
16
353
30,274
45
1,763
25,661
45
1,495
30,809
48
1,795
15,113
30
880
8,149
20
475
3,455
15
248
4,427
23
318
October
10,422
19
608
November
14,088
24
821
December
18,389
29
1,072
Totals
134,255
29
8,066
58100
September
4,712
12
339
September
4,712
12
339
October
10,422
19
608
November
14,088
24
821
Dec
1
5,498
16
395
17,085
35
996
23,063
43
1,345
3
4,731
18
340
4,083
10
293
8,256
16
481
11,648
20
679
1
4,233
26
304
3,774
13
271
11,611
23
677
17,299
31
1,009
3
h
8,430
29
074
April
12,645
24
737
May
8,052
17
469
June
4,463
11
321
July
4,428
12
318
August
4,315
14
310
5,105
54
045
17,868
35
1,041
10,533
24
614
5,066
13
364
5,017
16
361
4,758
18
342
5,498
16
395
17,085
35
996
23,063
43
1,345
39,363
64
2,295
227,196
64
13,515
21100
5,579
25
908
10,329
20
602
6,615
14
385
4,352
12
313
4,907
16
353
4,731
18
340
4,083
10
293
8,256
16
481
11,648
20
679
15,543
25
906
114,993
25
6,946
109200
0,809
48
795
15,113
30
880
8,149
20
475
3,455
15
248
4,427
23
318
4,233
26
304
3,774
13
271
11,611
23
677
17,299
31
1,009
32,070
50
1,870
186,875
50
11,105
36000
1
2
1
Yearly Payback
Savings Period
5,449
7
4,159
18