The Gateway at MICA
Baltimore, Maryland
The Pennsylvania State University
Todd Newswanger
Architectural Engineering – Mechanical Option, Spring
2007
Presentation Outline
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Background Information
Existing Conditions
Design Objectives
Proposed Mechanical System
Construction Management Breadth
Electrical Breadth
Conclusions
Building Introduction
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New Dormitory for Maryland Institute College of Art
(MICA)
120,000 ft2
Approximate Cost $22 Million
10 Story Building
Location
1601 Mount Royal Ave. Baltimore, MD
Existing Equipment
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4 AHUs
– 3 VAV
• 2 Serving Floors 1 & 2
• 1 Serving Studio Spaces
– 1 CAV
• Serves Lobby & Gallery
Space
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2 Chillers
– 200 Tons Cooling
– Air Cooled Screw Chillers
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2 Boilers
– Natural Gas Fired
– 1632 MBH
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FCUs
– 51 Units on Floors 3-9
– 2 Pipe System
Ground Source Heat Pump
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Goal – To save energy and reduce operating costs
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Savings of 25% - 50% on energy consumption
Earth provides over 70% of energy needed to heat and
cool
Closed loop system/ no ventilation needed
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– No air pollution minimized impact on environment
Ground Source Heat Pump
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ASHRAE HVAC Applications Handbook 1999 Methodology
– Ground Temperature
• 55°F
– Thermal Resistances
• 0.34 hr·ft·°F/BTU (Annual)
• 0.32 hr·ft·°F/BTU (Monthly)
• 0.30 hr·ft·°F/BTU (Daily)
– Building Loads
• Cooling Block Load 3,786,136 BTU/hr
• Heating Block Load 2,007,148 BTU/hr
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Check For Heating and Cooling Length
– Longest Loop Governs
Ground Source Heat Pump
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Tin At Highest Recommended Value
– Cooling 20 – 30°F Higher Than Ground Temp.
(85°F)
– Heating 10 – 20°F Lower Than Ground Temp.
54 F
(35°F)
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42 F
Building Side
Ground
Side
ΔT Determined
By Heat
Balance
mb  c pg  Tb  mg  c pw  Tg
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BUILDING
LOOP
VALVE
Loop Fluids
– 30% Glycol Solution for Building Loop
– Water for Ground Loop
COOLING
96 F
GROUND
LOOP
85 F
150 F
BUILDING
LOOP
180 F
VALVE
63 F
HEATING
GROUND
LOOP
COMPRESSOR
35 F
Ground Source Heat Pump
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Coil Length
– Heating 66, 321 ft
– Cooling 119,366 ft
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Bores
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Lot Approx. 34,000 ft2
15 ft Bore Separation
12 x 12 Grid
408 ft
Ground Source Heat Pump
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Equipment Removed
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Chillers
Boilers
Pumps
$306,200
New Equipment
– (13) 25 Ton Units
– Installation Costs ($810K)
– $5-8K/ Ton, Assumed
$6,000
– $1.89 Million
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Operating Costs
– Design System $304,000
– GSHP System $218,000
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18.5 Year Payback
Combined Heat and Power
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Goal – Operating Cost Savings
Reduce Building’s Environmental
Impact
Design To Meet Peak Electrical Load
Combined Heat and Power
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Spark Gap
– $0.115/kWh
– $1.17/therm
– $22.00
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Thermal / Electric
Ratio
– 454,000 kWh
– 249,000 BTU/hr
– 1.41
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Electric Load
– 2503 kW
Combined Heat and Power
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Prime Mover Selected
– System of 4 Prime
Movers
– (3) 770 kW, (1) 210 kW
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Efficiency of Prime Mover
– 770kW - 36%
– 210 kW - 33%
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Thermal / Electric Ratio
– 770 kW - 1.59
– 210 kW - 2.03
Combined Heat and Power
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Annual Operating Cost
– Designed System - $516,000
– CHP System - $742,000
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Equipment Cost
– CHP Equipment Cost - $2.12
Million
Heating Load
700
350000
600
300000
500
250000
400
Series1 200000
300
200
100
0
y = 4E-06x 6 - 9E-05x 5 + 0.0097x 4 - 0.6654x 3
+ 13.655x 2 - 83.026x + 519.76
R2 = 0.9863
BTU/hr
kW
Electric Load
Poly. (Series1)
150000
100000
50000
Series1
y = 0.038x 6 - 2.6936x 5 + 77.859x 4 1255.7x 3 + 11814x 2 - 46432x + 227261
R2 = 0.9917
0
1
3
5
7
9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
Hour
1
3 5
7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
Hour
Poly. (Series1)
Combined Heat and Power
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Base Load Design
Electric Load
– 353 kW
Prime Mover
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$390,000
395 kW
35% Efficient
1.51 Thermal / Electric
Operating Cost
– Prime Mover $353,000
– Electricity $131,000
700
600
500
kW
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400
300
200
100
0
Series1
y = 4E-06x 6 - 9E-05x 5 + 0.0097x 4 - 0.6654x 3
+ 13.655x 2 - 83.026x + 519.76
R2 = 0.9863
1
3
5
7
9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
Hour
Poly. (Series1)
Combined Heat and Power
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CHP System
– $484,000
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Designed System
– $516,000
12 Year Payback
Base Load
$700,000.00
$600,000.00
$500,000.00
Cost
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$400,000.00
Series1
Series2
$300,000.00
$200,000.00
$100,000.00
$0.00
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
Time (Years)
Combined Heat and Power
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Emissions SHP
– NOx – 19,909 lbm
– SOx – 24,638 lbm
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Emissions CHP
– NOx – 15,257 lbm
– SOx – 0 lbm
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Difference
– NOx – 4,652 lbm
– SOx – 24,636 lbm
Addition of Equipment Room
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Requirements
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42’x34’
Excavated
Poured Concrete
Designed To Buildings
Specs
A
Total Cost
– MC2 ICE 2000
– $63,265
2
3
3.5
Electrical Distribution
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Existing
– 208/120V
• High Current = Large Wire
– Transformers
• Studio Tower is Distributed
• Residential Tower is Central
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Proposed
– 480/277V
• High Voltage = Lower
Current
• Low Current = Smaller Wire
– Entire Building Distributed
– Added Redundancy
Electrical Distribution
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Distributed
Transformers
– Distribution Panel
• 800 A
– Transformers
• 7 Transformers
• 50 KVA – 112 KVA
– Feeders & Grounds
• 8 AWG – 2/0
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Central Transformer
– Distribution Panel
• 1000 A
– Central Transformer
• 300 KVA
– Feeders & Grounds
• 6AWG – 500 KCM
Electrical Distribution
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Designed System Cost
– Transformer
• $10,000
– Distribution Panel
• $25,000
– Wires
• $35,000
– $70,000
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Proposed System Cost
– Transformers &
Breakers
• $26,500
– Distribution Panel
• $25,000
– Wires
• $15,000
– $66,500
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Cost Savings
– $3,500
Conclusion
Ground Source Heat
• Changes To
Pump
System
– Eliminate
• Chillers
• Boilers
• Pumps
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Initial Cost
– $1.53 Million
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Annual Saving
– $85,000
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Payback Period
– 18.5 Years
Conclusion
Combined Heat & Power
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Changes To System
– Added Equipment
– Needed Space
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Emissions Reduction
– NOx – 4,652 lbm
– SOx – 24,636 lbm
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Initial Cost
– $390,000
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Annual Saving
– $32,000
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Payback Period
– 12 Years
Recommendations
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Combined Heat & Power
– Lower Initial Cost
– 12 Year Payback
– Reduction of Emissions
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Added Equipment Room
– Payback - 14 Years
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Distributed Electrical System
– Added Redundancy
– Small Cost Savings
Questions