Coppin State University
Health and Human Services Building
Baltimore, Maryland
Corinne Ambler
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Construction Management
Presentation Outline
Project Overview
Construction Cost Escalation Analysis
Solar Shading Analysis
Overhead Pedestrian Bridge Illumination
Summary and Conclusions
Questions
Corinne Ambler
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Construction Management
Project Overview
Presentation
Outline
Project Overview
Construction Cost
Escalation
Solar Shading
Analysis
Bridge Illumination
Analysis
Acknowledgements
Questions &
Comments
Size:
Construction Cost:
Construction Dates:
Delivery Method:
Corinne Ambler
Five Stories, 150,000 sf
$48.6 Million
January 2006 – August 2008
CM at Risk with GMP
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Construction Management
Project Team
Presentation
Outline
Owner
Client
Project Overview
Construction Cost
Escalation
Solar Shading
Analysis
University of Maryland,
Baltimore
Coppin State University
Architect
Construction Manager
Bridge Illumination
Analysis
Acknowledgements
Design Collective, Inc.
Barton Malow Company
Structural Engineer
MEP Engineer
Hope Furrer Associates
RMF Engineering, Inc.
Questions &
Comments
Corinne Ambler
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Construction Management
Project Features
Presentation
Outline
Academic Facility
Project Overview
Construction Cost
Escalation
Solar Shading
Analysis
Bridge Illumination
Analysis
Acknowledgements
Questions &
Comments
Corinne Ambler
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Early Childhood Demonstration Center
Lecture Halls
Meeting Rooms
Offices
Outpatient Health Clinic
Research Labs
Moot Courtroom
Forensic Lab
Overhead Pedestrian Bridge
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Construction Management
Building Envelope
Presentation
Outline
Project Overview
Construction Cost
Escalation
Solar Shading
Analysis
Façade Materials
–
–
–
–
–
Glazed Aluminum Curtain Wall
Glazed Storefront
Face-Brick Veneer with Masonry Cavity
Cast Stone Panels
Insulated Metal Panels
Bridge Illumination
Analysis
Acknowledgements
Questions &
Comments
Roof Materials
– Metal Screen
– EPDM Single Ply Membrane
– Hot Fluid Applied Roof
Corinne Ambler
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Construction Management
Structural System
Presentation
Outline
Framing
– ASTM A992 Structural Steel
Project Overview
Construction Cost
Escalation
Solar Shading
Analysis
Bridge Illumination
Analysis
Acknowledgements
Questions &
Comments
Foundation
– 4000 psi Cast-in-Place Caissons, Grade
Beams & Foundation Walls
Decking
– Composite Metal Deck
– 3” 3500 psi Reinforced Lightweight Concrete
Corinne Ambler
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Construction Management
Mechanical & Electrical Systems
Presentation
Outline
Project Overview
Construction Cost
Escalation
Solar Shading
Analysis
Bridge Illumination
Analysis
Acknowledgements
Questions &
Comments
Mechanical System
– 6 Rooftop Air Handling Units
– (2) 400 Ton Chillers
– (2) 200 HP Boilers
Electrical System
– 480Y/277 Volt Service
– 400kW Emergency Back-Up Generator
Corinne Ambler
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Construction Management
Site Conditions
Presentation
Outline
Project Overview
– Located in Baltimore, Maryland on a College Campus
– 8 miles Northwest of Inner Harbor
– 3 Site Entrances
Construction Cost
Escalation
Solar Shading
Analysis
Bridge Illumination
Analysis
Acknowledgements
Questions &
Comments
Corinne Ambler
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Construction Management
Volatility of Escalating
Construction Costs
Corinne Ambler
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Construction Management
Construction Cost Escalation
Presentation
Outline
Project Overview
Construction Cost
Escalation
Solar Shading
Analysis
Bridge Illumination
Analysis
Coppin State University - Health and Human Services Building Conditions
- Project Bid to Contractors in Three Phases
- Hurricane Katrina Hit During Bidding Process
- Materials Escalated Unprecedented High
Trades in Each Bid Phase
Phase I
Excavation and Grading
Demolition
Deep Foundations
Concrete
Structural Steel Elevators
Phase II
Fireproofing
Glass Systems
Fire Protection
Mechanical
Electrical
Acknowledgements
Questions &
Comments
Phase III
Final Sitework
Landscaping
Masonry
Misc. Metals
Carpentry & Woodwork
Metal Panels
Roofing
Doors, Frames and Hardware
Partitions and Ceilings
Ceramic Tile
Painting and Coating
Lab Casework
*Steel & Glazing Bid Accounted for Most Over Estimated Budget Overage
- Owner Forced to Alter Budget or Building
- Considered Removing Early Childhood Demonstration Center
- Asked State of Maryland for $5 Million More
X
Corinne Ambler
5 Story Main Building
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Construction Management
Construction Cost Escalation
Presentation
Outline
Project Overview
Construction Cost
Escalation
Solar Shading
Analysis
Problem:
Managing the risk of maintaining a Budget in the Current Market
- Volatility of Material Costs
- Escalation of Labor Wages
Bridge Illumination
Analysis
Acknowledgements
Questions &
Comments
Solution:
Alter the Contractors Bidding and Payment Process
- Require Contractor Bids to Reflect Current Market Prices
- Owner Compensate for Escalation Quarterly
Corinne Ambler
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Construction Management
Current Market Conditions
Presentation
Outline
Project Overview
Construction Cost
Escalation
Solar Shading
Analysis
Bridge Illumination
Analysis
Escalation of Material Costs
- Inflation/Escalation Free Era from 2001-2003
- Volatile Escalation of Material Prices from 2004-2006
- Material Costs have Decreased in Recent Months
- Material Costs Expected to Rise 6-8% by end of 2007
Causes of Material Escalation:
Increased Fuel Prices
- Anything Being Shipped or Hauled
- Raw Materials and Finished Products
Acknowledgements
Questions &
Comments
- Petroleum Products – PVC, Roofing/Waterproofing, PVC Pipe & Asphalt
Increase In Global Economy (India and China)
- Longer Lead Time for Materials
Materials Affected Most
- Concrete
- Aluminum
- Steel
- Glass
- Copper
- Drywall/Gypsum
- Lumber
Products Affected by Multiple Material Escalation – Cast-in-Place Concrete
Corinne Ambler
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Construction Management
Current Market Conditions
Presentation
Outline
Project Overview
Construction Cost
Escalation
Solar Shading
Analysis
Escalation of Labor Wages
- Construction Industry Produced 1 out of 10 New Jobs
- Recent Years Employment Dropped 0.2%
- Hourly Wages increased 4.8% in 2006
- Labor Wages Increase 5% by end of 2007
Bridge Illumination
Analysis
Acknowledgements
Questions &
Comments
Corinne Ambler
Causes of Labor Wage Increase
- Labor Shortage
- Decline in Residential Construction Increased Number of Higher
Paying Jobs
- Shortage of Apprentices Coupled with Shortage of Teachers
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Construction Management
Construction Cost Escalation
Presentation
Outline
Resources
Contacts for Cost Escalation Interview
Project Overview
Construction Cost
Escalation
Solar Shading
Analysis
Bridge Illumination
Analysis
Acknowledgements
Questions &
Comments
Brian Barnes
John Bechtel
Brook Behner
Lee Evey
Sarah Forrest
Scott Franckowiak
Hope Furrer
Bob Grottenthaler
Merton Harris
Matt Herbert
Telly Koutris
Keith Lambert
Mike Miller
Jorge Scotti
Ken Simonson
Todd Sody
Todd Vochinsky
Contractor
Owner
Contractor
Construction Manager
Estimator
Contractor
Designer
Construction Manager
Designer
Designer
Contractor
Contractor
Construction Manager
Owner
Economist
Contractor
Estimator
Finishes, Inc
The Pennsylvania State University
Homewood General Contractors, Inc
Design Build Institute of America
Hensel Phelps Construction Co.
MBR Construction
Hope Furrer Associates
Barton Malow Company
RMF
Design Collective, Inc
David Allen Company
Zephyr Aluminum
Southland
University of Maryland, Baltimore
AGC Chief Economist
Sody Concrete
Barton Malow Company
- Engineering News Record (ENR) Database
- Associated General Contractors (AGC) Escalation Reports
Corinne Ambler
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Construction Management
Construction Cost Escalation
Presentation
Outline
Project Overview
Construction Cost
Escalation
Solar Shading
Analysis
Bridge Illumination
Analysis
Acknowledgements
Questions &
Comments
Construction Material Cost Escalation is a Risk for:
- Contractors
- Construction Managers
- Designers
- Owners
- Vendors/Suppliers
Current Strategy
Incorporate an Inflation/Escalation Percentage Increase and then Pass
the Risk to the Next Party
Problem with Current Strategy
As Risk is Passed a Premium is Paid by the Owner for an Event that
May Never Occur
Corinne Ambler
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Construction Management
Construction Cost Escalation
Presentation
Outline
Current Strategy for Managing Risk
Project Overview
Construction Cost
Escalation
Solar Shading
Analysis
Bridge Illumination
Analysis
Acknowledgements
Questions &
Comments
Corinne Ambler
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Construction Management
Construction Cost Escalation
Presentation
Outline
Recommendation
Project Overview
Construction Cost
Escalation
Solar Shading
Analysis
Bridge Illumination
Analysis
Acknowledgements
Questions &
Comments
Make an Effort to Simplify Bid Documents
- Require Thorough Constructability Review that Involves a Contractor
- Eliminate Future Addendums
- Create a More Accurate Material Take-Off
Require Contractor to Bid on Current Market Prices
- Require that Initial Bid does not include the Cost of Escalation or Inflation
- Standardize Bid
Review Material Cost Escalation Quarterly
- Assess Material Escalation Quarterly using a Material Escalation Index
- Increase/Decrease Contract for Escalation of Materials Bought Each Quarter
> Performed for 3 Pay Applications
Corinne Ambler
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Construction Management
Construction Cost Escalation
Presentation
Outline
Project Overview
Construction Cost
Escalation
Solar Shading
Analysis
Conclusion
- Increase Mutual Respect between Parties
- Allow Owner to Manage the Risk of Cost Escalation and Inflation
- Reduce the Amount of Money Spent on Managing Risk
Bridge Illumination
Analysis
Acknowledgements
To Allow the Owner…
Questions &
Comments
‘To Get More Building For The Buck’
Corinne Ambler
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Construction Management
Solar Shading Analysis
Corinne Ambler
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Construction Management
Solar Shading Analysis
Presentation
Outline
Existing Sunshade runs along the 5th Floor Perimeter Serves as a
Capital to Complete an Aesthetic Look
Project Overview
Construction Cost
Escalation
Problem
– Sunshade does not Minimize Solar Heat Gain
Solar Shading
Analysis
Bridge Illumination
Analysis
Acknowledgements
Questions &
Comments
Sunshade is 4’-1 ¾ “ Above Head of Window
Existing
Redesign
Solution
– Minimize Solar Heat Gain by Extending and Lowering Sunshade
– Minimize Initial and Operating Cost
Corinne Ambler
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Construction Management
Solar Shading Analysis
Presentation
Outline
Project Overview
Construction Cost
Escalation
Solar Shading
Analysis
Existing Conditions
- Located at 39.18°N Latitude and 76.67°W Longitude
- 5th Floor Exposure Aligned with North/South Axis
- 4’ Tapered Outrigger with 4” Airfoil
- Sunshade Mounting Tab Welded to Girder
Existing Sunshade Connection
Bridge Illumination
Analysis
Acknowledgements
Questions &
Comments
5th Floor Exposure
4’ Tapered Outrigger
Corinne Ambler
4” Airfoil
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Construction Management
Mechanical Impacts
January
January
Presentation
Shadow
Length
(ft)
Shaded
(SF)
Solar Heat
Gain
Factor
(Btu/h-ft2)
Solar
Heat
Gain
(Btu)
Shadow
Length
(ft)
Percent
Shaded
Solar
Heat
Gain
Factor
muthPercent
Solar
Altitude
Azimuth
Percent
Shaded
(SF)
Solar
Heat
Gain
Factor
(Btu/h-ft2)
Solar
Heat
Gain
(Btu) (SF)
Shadow
Length
(ft)
Percent
Shaded
(SF)
Solar
Heat
Gain
Factor
(Btu/h-ft2)
Solar
Heat
Gain
Sunny
Days
Solar
Altitude
Shaded
(SF)
SolarAzimuth
HeatPercent
Gain
Factor
(Btu/h-ft2)
Solar
Heat
Gain
(Btu)
Outline
Solar
Heat
Gain
Sunny
Days(Btu/h-f
Hou
South
East
West
South
East
West
South
East
West
North
South
East
West
North
South
East
West
South
East
West
North
South
East
We
est
grees)
South
East
West
Time
(degrees)
(degrees)
January
South
East
West
North
South
East
West
North
South
East
West
South
East
West
North
South
East
West
No
Coefficient
per
Month
Time
(degrees)
(degrees)
South
East
West
North South
East
West
North
South
East
West
Coefficient
per Month
Shadow Length (ft)
Percent Shaded (SF)
Solar Heat Gain Factor (Btu/h-ft2)
Solar Heat Gain (Btu)
Solar
Altitude
Azimuth
Solar Heat Gain Sunny Days Hourly Btu
5.3
1.00
0.69
0.00
0.15
0.09
0.00
5
75
111
5
3159
11210
139665
8427
8
8.1
55.3
1.00
0.69
0.00
0.15
0.09
0.00
5
75
111
5
00 0.15 0.15 0.0980.09 0.00
0.00
5 75South75
1110.69
5East0.00
11210
0.4 111 per 12
8.1
55.3
1.00
0.15
0.09
0.00
5East West
75 Coefficient
31
East
South
West3159
North
South
East
West139665
North
South 8427
Time
(degrees)
Month5 12
5 (degrees)
111 West
5
3159
11210
139665
8427
0.4
77
Project
Overview
8
8.1
55.3
1.00
0.69
0.00
0.15
0.09
0.00
5
75
111
5
3159
11210
139665
8427
0.4
12
779816
44 0.25 0.25
1.68
1.74
0.00
0.25 44
0.24
0.00
12 7583
160 21403
154
12
21403
16641812154
9 16.8
16.8
1.68
1.74
0.00
0.25
0.24
0.00
12 0.4
160
12
00
0.00
160
12
20225
12 75
44
1.68
1.74
0.00
0.25
0.2412 166418
0.00 214037583
12
160
154
1220225
0.2490.24
0.00
12 12
154 154
12
0.4
9
16.8
44 1601.68
1.74
0.00
0.25
0.247583
0.00
1221403
160
154166418
7583 20225
166418
20225
0.4
12
1035021 103
10
23.8
30.9
2.06
3.44
0.00
0.30
0.47
0.00
16
213
124
16
10110
26612
101517
26967
0.4
12
792987
0.9
2.06
3.44
0.00
0.30
0.47
0.00
16
213
124
16
10110
26612
101517
26967
10
23.8
30.9
2.06
3.44
0.00
0.30
0.47
0.00
16
213
124
16
00 0.30 0.30 0.47
0.0028.4
16
213
16
100.47 0.00
23.8
2.06
3.44
0.000.0010110
0.3024426612
0.4719 101517
0.00 2941426967
16
213 0.4
124 12
16 12
101
16 30.9
124 124
16
10110
0.4
11
16 2132.25
7.85
0.00
0.33
1.00
1926612
61101517
1200626967
26276
32023
0.4
12
478654 79
Construction
Cost
16 0.33 0.33
2.25
7.85
0.00
1.00
0.00
190.0012006
244
61
19
12006
29414
2627612
12
30
00.33 2.31
0.00
0.34 19
0.00
20
25429414
21
21 26276
12638
30280
29042
35394
0.4 244
12 19
515299 120
11
28.4
16
2.25
7.85
0.00
0.33
1.00
0.00
19 0.4
6132023
19
00
0.00
244
617.85
32023
12
111.00
28.4
16
2.25
0.00
0.33
1.00
0.00
19
244
61
1.00
0.00
19 19
2442.25
61 0.00
19
12006
29414
26276
32023
0.4
47
1
28.4
16
0.00
7.85
0.33
0.00
1.00
19
244
19
61
12006
29414
26276
32023
0.4
12
478654
Escalation
0
2.31
0.00
0.00
0.34
0.00
0.00
20
254
21
21
12638
30280
29042
35394
30 20
2.31
0.00
0.00
0.34
0.00
0.00
20 0.4
21
00 0.34 0.34 0.00
210.00
20.0023.8
30.9
0.00
0.30 21
0.00
16
21330280
16
124 29042
10110
2661235394
22127
123722
0.4 254
12 21 12
876341 126
120.00 12
0 2542.060254
2.31
0.000.4712638
0.34
0.00
0.00
20
254
21
0.0030
20
21 3.44
21
12638
30280
29042
35394
0.4
12
51
3
16.8
44
1.68
0.00
1.74
0.25
0.00
0.24
12
160
12
154
7583
21403
16595
202820
0.4
12
1192325
16 0.33 0.33
2.25
0.00
7.85
0.33
0.00
1.00
19
244
19
61
12006
29414
26276
32023
1
28.4
16
2.25
0.00
7.85
0.33
0.00
1.00
19
244
19
61
85
0.00
1.00
19
244
19
61
12006
29414
26276
32023
0.4
12
1
28.4
16
2.25
0.00
7.85
0.33
0.00
1.00
19
244
19
61
120
8.1
0.15
0.00
0.09
529414
75
5 26276
111
3159 32023
11210
6915
170215
0.4
12
919196 47
0.00
1.00 4
19 55.3 2441.00 0.00
19 0.69 61
12006
0.4
12
Total Btu: 123722
7068294
Solar
Shading
0.9
2.06
0.00
3.44
0.30
0.00
0.47
16
213
16
124
10110
26612
22127
44 0.30 0.30 0.0020.00 0.47
0.47 23.8
16 21330.9
213
160.00
123722
2 23.8
0.00
3.44
0.30
0.00
0.47
16 0.4 213
16 12 101
12
2.06
3.44 10110
0.30
0.00
0.47
16
213
16
16 30.9
16 2.06
124 124
10110
2661226612
2212722127
123722
0.4
12124
87
Analysis
44 0.25 0.25
1.68
0.00
1.74
0.25
0.00
0.24
12
160
12
154
7583
21403
16595
202820
74
0.00
0.24
12
160
12
154
7583
21403
16595
202820
0.4
12
3
16.8
44
1.68
0.00
1.74
0.25
0.00
0.24
12
160
12
154
75
3
16.8
44
1.68
0.00
1.74
0.25
0.00
0.24
12
160
12
15
0.00
0.24
12
160
12
154
7583
21403
16595
202820
0.4
12
119
5.30.15 0.15
1.00
0.00
0.69
0.00
0.09 111
5 3159
75 11210
5 6915 6915
111
3159
11210
69
0.09
50.15
75
5 0.00
170215
12 31
1.00
0.69
0.15
0.00
0.09
5
75
56915 12111
4 8.1
8.1
0.00
0.69
0.15
0.00
0.09
5 0.4 75
5170215
11
0.0040.00
0.09
5 55.3
7555.3
5 1.00
111
3159
11210
170215
0.4
91
Solar Heat Gain Calculations
Bridge Illumination
Analysis
Acknowledgements
Questions &
Comments
Constants
- Reynolds - “Mechanical and Electrical
Equipment for Buildings” pg 1638 & 1648
Total Btu:
Total Btu:
706
- Altitude
- Azimuth
- Solar Heat Gain Factor
- Viracon Glass VE 1-52 Defines Solar Heat Gain Coefficient
- Estimated Number of Sunny days per month
Corinne Ambler
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Construction Management
Mechanical Impacts
January
Presentation
Length (ft)
Percent
Solar Heat
FactorHeat
(Btu/h-ft2)
Solar Heat Gain Solar
(Btu)
Shadow Length
(ft) Shaded (SF)
Percent Shaded
(SF)Gain Solar
Gain Factor (Btu/h-ft2)
Altitude Solar
Azimuth
Altitude Shadow
Azimuth
Outline
South
East South
West East
South West
East South
West East
North West
South North
East South
West East
North West
SouthNorth East Sou
degrees)Time
(degrees)
(degrees)
(degrees)
8.1
8 55.3 8.1
16.8
44 16.8
Project9Overview
23.8
10 30.9 23.8
11 16
28.4
Construction
Cost28.4
12 0 30
30
Escalation
1 16 28.4
28.4
2 30.9 23.8
23.8
Solar Shading
3 44 16.8
16.8
4 Analysis
8.1
55.3 8.1
Solar Heat Gain Calculations
January
1.00
Solar
Time
1.68
8
9
2.06
10
2.25
11
12
2.31
1
2
2.25
3
4
2.06
1.68
1.00
0.69Azimuth1.00
0.00
0.15
55.3
Shadow 0.69
Length
(ft)
Altitude
East
West
(degrees) (degrees) South
1.74
0.00
0.25
44
1.68
1.74
8.1
55.3
1.00
0.69
0.00
16.83.44 44 2.06
1.68
1.74
0.00
0.00
0.30
30.9
3.44
23.8
30.9
2.06
3.44
0.00
16
7.85
0.00
0.33
28.47.85 16 2.25
2.25
7.85
0.00
30
0
2.31
0.00
0.00
0
2.31
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.34
28.4
16
2.25
0.00
7.85
23.8
30.9
2.06
0.00
3.44
16
2.25
0.00
0.00
7.85
0.33
16.8
44
1.68
0.00
1.74
8.10.00 55.32.06
1.00
0.00
0.69
30.9
0.00
3.44
0.30
44 0.00 1.68
1.74 0.00
0.25
55.30.00 1.00
0.69 0.00
0.15
0.09Shaded0.15
0.00Solar0.09
5 Factor0.00
75
0.00
Percent
(SF)
Heat Gain
(Btu/h-ft2)
South
East
West
North South
East
West
0.24
0.00
12
160
0.00
0.25
0.24
0.00
0.15
0.09
0.00
5
75
111
5
0.250.47
0.24 0.30
0.00
160
12
0.00 12 0.47
16 1540.00
213
0.00
0.30
0.47
0.00
16
213
124
16
0.00
0.00 19 1.00
19 610.00
244
0.331.00
1.00 0.33
0.00
244
19
0.34
0.00
0.00
20
254
21
21
0.00
0.34
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
20
254
0.33
0.00
1.00
19
244
19
61
0.30
0.00
0.47
16
213
16
124
7.85
0.33
0.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
19
244
0.25
0.00
0.24
12
160
12
154
0.150.00
0.00 0.30
0.09
111
3.44
0.47 5 0.0075
16 5 0.47
213
1.74
0.24
0.00 0.25
0.24 0.0012
160
0.69
0.09
0.00 0.15
0.09 0.005
75
East
111
5(Btu) 111
3159
11210
5
112
Solar Heat 75
Gain
Solar Heat5
Gain
Sunny3159
Days 139665
Hourly Btu
South
East
West
Coefficient
per Month
15411210
12
7583
21403
166418
12
160
154
12
7583
214
139665
8427
0.4
12
779816
21403
166418
20225
0.4
12
1035021
124
16
10110 162661210110
101517
16
213
124
266
26612
101517
26967
0.4
12
792987
19
61
1200626276
61 29414 244
19 32023
12006 0.4192941412
26276
478654294
30280
29042
35394
0.4
12
515299
20
21
1263829042
21 29414 254
21 32023
12638 0.4213028012
26276
478654302
26612
22127
123722
0.4
12
876341
19
19
1200626276
294
19 21403 244
61 202820
12006 0.4612941412
16595
1192325
6915
170215
919196266
16
16
1011022127
16 11210 213
124
10110 0.41242661212
Total Btu:
7068294
12
160
12
12
154
7583 15421403758316595214
111
and55West75
Sides 53159 111112103159 6915112
North
3159
7583
10110
12006
12638
12006
10110
7583
3159
Bridge Illumination
Analysis
Shadow Length = tan(Altitude) x
Acknowledgements
South Side
Shadow Length = tan(Altitude) x
Questions &
Comments
Shadow
Length
Height (ft)
Length (ft)
Area(ft2)
North
South
7.33
6.83
86.17
25.33
631.89
Length of Overhang
cos(Azimuth)
Length of Overhang
cos(Azimuth)
East
7.33
188.58
West
7.33
229.83
173.11 1382.94 1685.44
Percent Shaded = Shadow Length x Length of Glass
Total Area of Glass
Corinne Ambler
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Construction Management
Mechanical Impacts
Presentation
Outline
(ft)
Percent
Shaded
Shadow
Length
(ft) (SF)
muth
West South
South EastEast
rees)
0.00
0.15 0.690.09
5.3
1.00
Project Overview
0.00
0.25 1.740.24
44
1.68
0.30 3.440.47
0.90.00 2.06
Construction
160.00
2.25
7.851.00
0.33 Cost
0 0.00 2.31
0.34 0.000.00
Escalation
167.85 2.25
0.33 0.000.00
0.93.44 2.06
0.00
Solar0.30
Shading0.00
441.74 1.68
0.25 0.000.00
Analysis
5.30.69 1.00
0.15 0.000.00
Bridge Illumination
Analysis
Acknowledgements
Questions &
Comments
Solar Heat Gain Calculations
Solar Heat
Gain(SF)
Factor (Btu/h-ft2)
Heat Gain (Btu) Solar Heat Gain
Solar(Btu)
Heat Gain Sunny
Percent
Shaded
Solar Heat Gain FactorSolar
(Btu/h-ft2)
SolarDays
Heat Gain
Sunny
Hourly
Btu D
January
West South
North East
South West
East North
West South
NorthEast South
East
West
Coefficient
per
Month
West
West
North
South
East
West
Coefficient
per Mo
Shadow Length (ft)
Percent Shaded (SF)
Solar Heat Gain Factor (Btu/h-ft2)
Solar Heat Gain (Btu)
Solar
Altitude
Azimuth
Solar Heat Gain
Sunny Days Hourly
Btu
South
West 5South
East
West
South
East
West
North
East 0.4 West
5 0.09
75 East
5
11210
139665
8427 South 139665
Time0.00
(degrees)
per Month 77981612
0.00
0.15(degrees)
0.00111
75 3159
111North
5
3159
11210
8427 Coefficient12 0.4
8
8.1
55.3
1.00
0.69
0.00
0.15
0.09
0.00
5
75
111
5
3159
11210
139665
8427
0.4
12
779816
0.0016.8
160 1.74
12 160
7583
21403
166418
20225
0.420225
0.00
0.25 1244 0.241.68
0.001540.00 120.25
12
2140321403 166418
20225 0.4 12 0.4 12 1035021
9
0.24
0.00154 12
160
1547583
12
7583
166418
1035021 12
10 0.0023.8
30.9 0.47
2.06
0.4710110
0.00124 1626612
213
124
16
10110
101517
792987 12
213 3.44
16 213
101517
26967
0.426967
792987
0.00
0.30 16
0.001240.00 160.30
16
10110
2661226612 101517
26967 0.4 12 0.4 12
11
28.4
16
2.25
7.85
0.00
0.33
1.00
0.00
19
244
61
19
12006
29414
26276
32023
0.4
12
478654
0.00
0.33
1.00
0.00
19
244
61
19
12006
29414
26276
32023
0.4
0.00
19
244
61
19
12006
29414
26276
32023
0.4
12
478654
12
30
0
2.31
0.00
0.00
0.34
0.00
0.00
20
254
21
21
12638
30280
29042
35394
0.4
12
515299 12
1 0.0028.4
0.00
7.85
0.33
0.00
1.00
19
244
19
61
12006
29414
26276
32023
0.4
12
478654 12
0.00
0.34 2016 0.002.25
0.00
20
254
21
21
12638
30280
29042
35394
0.4
254 0.00 213.44 0.30
21 0.0012638
30280
29042
3539426612 221270.4123722
12
515299
2
23.8
30.9
2.06
0.47
16
213
16
124
10110
0.4
12
876341
7.85
0.33
0.00
1.00
19
244
19
61
12006
29414
26276
32023
0.4
3 1.0016.8
1.68
0.24
1229414
160
12
154
7583
0.4 12
12
1192325 12
1944
244 0.00 191.74 0.25
61 0.0012006
26276
3202321403 165950.4202820
478654
4
55.3
0.00
0.09
75
5
111
3159
6915
919196
3.44
0.001.00
0.47160.69 160.15
16 526612
124
10110
2661211210 22127
123722 0.4 12 0.4 12
12
0.47 8.10.30 16
213 0.00
124 213
10110
22127
123722
0.4170215
876341
Total Btu:
7068294
1.740.24 0.25 12 0.00160 0.2412
12154 1607583 12 21403
154
7583
21403
16595
202820
0.4
16595
202820
0.4
12
119232512
0.690.09 0.15 5 0.0075 0.09 5
5 111 75 3159 5 11210
111
3159
11210
6915
170215
0.4
6915
170215
0.4
12
91919612
Total B
Total Btu:
7068294
Solar Heat GainX (Btu) = (1-ASX)ATXFX + ASX ATXFN
When…
ASX is the Shaded Area for Side X
ATX is the Total Area of Glass for Side X
FX is the Solar Heat Gain Factor for Side X
FN is the Solar Heat Gain Factor for the North Side
Hourly Solar Heat
=
Gain (Btu)
Corinne Ambler
Solar Heat x Solar Heat Gain
x Sunny Days
Gain
Coefficient
per Month
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Construction Management
Mechanical Impacts
Presentation
Outline
Project Overview
Construction Cost
Escalation
Solar Shading
Analysis
Bridge Illumination
Analysis
Acknowledgements
Questions &
Comments
Impacts of Lowering the Sunshade
Overhang Length of 4’
4’-1 ¾ “ Above Head of Window
Month
Month
Btu per Month
January
9,171,824
February
11,290,921
March
14,263,934
April
16,668,644
May
19,361,664
June
20,657,017
July
22,163,105
August
19,301,728
September
18,547,310
October
15,776,857
November
9,466,098
December
7,491,578
Yearly Total: 184,160,679
Current Btu
184,160,679
Corinne Ambler
Overhang Length of 4’
0“ Above Head of Window
Btu per Month
January
7,068,294
February
8,293,033
March
10,217,519
April
12,269,298
May
14,496,006
June
15,572,578
July
16,679,511
August
13,533,949
September
13,680,595
October
11,807,527
November
7,278,966
December
5,849,392
Yearly Total: 136,746,668
Re-design Btu
136,746,668
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Change in Btu
47,414,011
Construction Management
Solar Shading Analysis
Presentation
Outline
Impacts of Extending the Sunshade
Lowered
Lowered & Extended
Project Overview
Construction Cost
Escalation
Solar Shading
Analysis
Bridge Illumination
Analysis
Acknowledgements
Questions &
Comments
Sunshade Located at Head of Window
Length of
Sunshade
5'
6'
7'
8'
9'
10'
Corinne Ambler
Yearly Btu Savings per
Additional Foot
10,430,973
9,307,864
7,867,882
6,476,634
5,656,544
4,877,344
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Construction Management
Structural Impacts
Presentation
Outline
Project Overview
Construction Cost
Escalation
Solar Shading
Analysis
Addition of 156 Steel Plates Around 5th Floor Perimeter
- A36 24”x 7”x 3/8”
- Welded to Girder Beam at 5’ O.C.
Existing Connection
Redesigned Connection
Bridge Illumination
Analysis
Acknowledgements
Questions &
Comments
Corinne Ambler
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Construction Management
Cost Impacts
Presentation
Outline
Lowering Sunshade
Project Overview
Construction Cost
Escalation
Electrical Supply Savings
Current Btu
184,160,679
Solar Shading
Analysis
Bridge Illumination
Analysis
Acknowledgements
Questions &
Comments
Re-design Btu
136,746,668
Item
Change in Btu
47,414,011
Savings
$141
Savings
Electrical Demand Supply Charge Savings
Initial
One Time
Chiller Savings
$17,278
Current Lowest
Re-design
Difference in
Change in
Demand
Hourly
Btu Time
Lowest
Hourly Plate
Hourly
Btu
Tons
Charge Saved
Initial
One
Steel
Cost
-$6,017
7191
7048
143
4.29
$3,079
Electricity Savings per Year
$141
Chiller Reduction
Savings
Demand Charge Savings
per Year
$3,079
Amount Saved Number of Square
Total Initial
Cost ($/SF) ($):
Total First
Year Savings
$14,480
(Tons)
Feet per Ton
Savings ($)
4.29
450
$17,277.98
Additional
Savings
per $8.95
Year ($):
$3,220
Structural Steel Plate Costs
Weight of Steel
(lb/ft3)
460
Corinne Ambler
Volume of Steel
per Plate (ft3)
0.036458333
15% for Labor
(ft3)
0.00546875
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Weight per
Plate (lb)
19.28645833
Number of
Plates
156
Cost ($/lb)
$2.00
Cost ($)
$6,017.38
Construction Management
Cost Impacts
Presentation
Outline
Extending Sunshade
Cost per Additional Foot for Material and Labor
Project Overview
Sunshade
Length (ft)
Construction Cost
Escalation
Solar Shading
Analysis
Bridge Illumination
Analysis
Acknowledgements
Questions &
Comments
Sunshade
Length (ft)
4'
5'
6'
7'
8'
9'
10'
Cost ($)
1
4'
5'
6'
7'
8'
9'
10'
Additional Length + Steel
$6,017
Initial Cost
$40,015
40000
$74,387
20000
$109,133
0
$144,170
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
-20000
$179,581
-40000
$215,366
-60000
Area of
Sunshade (SF)
Cost ($)
3,188
$0
4,006
$33,998
4,833
$68,370
5,669
$103,116
6,512
$138,152
7,364
$173,563
Initial
Savings ($)$209,348
Yearly
8,225
Tonnage Reduction
$17,278
$21,628
160,000,000
$25,977
$30,206140,000,000
$34,556120,000,000
9
10
$38,906100,000,000
$43,255 80,000,000
-80000
60,000,000
-100000
40,000,000
-120000
Savings ($) Payback Period
(Years)
Demand + Supply
$3,220
Yearly
Btu
0
4
9
13
16
19
21
$4,026
$4,829
$5,606
$6,400
$7,192
$7,981
20,000,000
-140000
0
-160000
-180000
Corinne Ambler
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Construction Management
Conclusion & Recommendation
Presentation
Outline
Lower the Sunshade to Head of Window but do not extend the Sunshade
Project Overview
Construction Cost
Escalation
Solar Shading
Analysis
Initial Savings $14,480
Yearly Savings $3,220
No Schedule Impact
Bridge Illumination
Analysis
Acknowledgements
Questions &
Comments
Existing
Lowered &Extended
Lower Sunshade
Lowered
Corinne Ambler
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Construction Management
Overhead Pedestrian Bridge
Illumination Analysis
Corinne Ambler
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Construction Management
Bridge Illumination Analysis
Presentation
Outline
The Overhead Pedestrian Bridge connects the New Campus to Old Campus and is
a visible symbol of the college for all who drive down W. North Avenue
Project Overview
Construction Cost
Escalation
Solar Shading
Analysis
Bridge Conditions
– Connects with Health and Human Services Building on 2nd Floor
– Will Connect to a Future Parking Garage
– Crosses North Avenue
Bridge Illumination
Analysis
Acknowledgements
Questions &
Comments
Corinne Ambler
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Construction Management
Bridge Illumination Analysis
Presentation
Outline
Project Overview
Construction Cost
Escalation
Community Outreach
– Early Childhood Demonstration Center
– Outpatient Health Clinic
– Community BBQ
Solar Shading
Analysis
Bridge Illumination
Analysis
Acknowledgements
Questions &
Comments
Corinne Ambler
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Construction Management
Bridge Illumination Analysis
Presentation
Outline
Project Overview
Construction Cost
Escalation
Solar Shading
Analysis
Bridge Illumination
Analysis
Acknowledgements
Questions &
Comments
Corinne Ambler
Problem
- Ignored Architectural Feature of the Campus
- Lighting is Ordinary and Industrial
Solution
- Create a Prestigious Symbol for Coppin State University
- Highlight the Structure and Architectural Features of Bridge
- Hide the Light Source
- Maintain an Average Horizontal Illuminace Level of 5
footcandles and an Average Vertical Illuminance Level of 3
footcandles according to IESNA Handbook
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Construction Management
Bridge Illumination Analysis
Presentation
Outline
Existing Conditions
- 40 Pendant Ceiling Mounted Fixtures
- No Light Focused on Structure
- Light Source is Visible
Project Overview
Construction Cost
Escalation
Solar Shading
Analysis
Bridge Illumination
Analysis
Interior View
Acknowledgements
Questions &
Comments
Exterior Views
Corinne Ambler
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Construction Management
Bridge Illumination Analysis
Presentation
Outline
Redesigned Lighting Scheme
- Small Fixtures Blend into Space
- Fixtures Painted to Match Truss Color
- FF-1 Ceiling Mounted Every 20 feet
- FF-2 Wall Mounted Every 10 feet on Alternate Sides
Project Overview
Construction Cost
Escalation
Solar Shading
Analysis
Bridge Illumination
Analysis
Acknowledgements
Questions &
Comments
Corinne Ambler
FF-1
FF-2
Label
Description
Diecast Aluminum,
FF-1
Ceiling Surface
Mounted Downlight
Diecast Aluminum,
FF-2
Wall Mounted
Direct/Indirect
NO.
Lamp
Type Watts
Ballast
Voltage
Type
Lamps
Fixture
Qty.
1
50W
MH
50W Electronic
1
277
7
1
50W
MH
50W Electronic
1
277
16
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Construction Management
Bridge Illumination Analysis
Presentation
Outline
Project Overview
Pseudo Color Rendering
Existing Conditions
Construction Cost
Escalation
Solar Shading
Analysis
Bridge Illumination
Analysis
Acknowledgements
Questions &
Comments
Redesign Conditions
Redesigned Illuminance Levels
- Average Illuminance of 6.18 footcandles
- Maximum Illuminance 11.6 footcandels
Corinne Ambler
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Construction Management
Bridge Illumination Analysis
Presentation
Outline
Hidden Light Source that Highlights the Structure and Architectural
Features with a Sufficient Amount of Light
Project Overview
Construction Cost
Escalation
Solar Shading
Analysis
Bridge Illumination
Analysis
Acknowledgements
Questions &
Comments
Interior View
Interior View
Exterior Views
Corinne Ambler
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Construction Management
Electrical Impacts
Presentation
Outline
Project Overview
Construction Cost
Escalation
Solar Shading
Analysis
Bridge Illumination
Analysis
Acknowledgements
Questions &
Comments
ASHRAE Design Criteria of Maximum of 3 Watts/ft2
PANELBOARD SCHEDULE
Redesign Power Density
80% Less than Allowable
VOLTAGE: 480Y/277V,3PH,4W
PANEL TAG: LPN2
MIN. C/B AIC: 10K
Existing and Redesigned PANEL
System
Circuited to Panelboard
LPN2
SIZE/TYPE BUS: 150A
LOCATION: Room 212
OPTIONS: PROVIDE FEED THROUGH LUGS
SIZE/TYPE MAIN: 150A/3P C/B
PANEL MOUNTING: SURFACE
FOR PANELBOARD 1L1B
Circuit 4 Redesigned According
to NEC
DESCRIPTION
Lighting
Lighting
Lighting
Lighting
Lighting
Spare
Spare
Spare
Spare
Spare
Spare
Spare
Spare
Spare
Spare
Spare
Spare
Spare
Spare
Spare
Spare
LOCATION
LOAD (WATTS) C/B SIZE POS. NO.
Offices
2900
20A/1P
Existing
Power
Density
1
2100
20A/1P
3
500
20A/1P
Total5
2900 Watts
20A/1P
7
2900
20A/1P Watts
9
0
20A/1P
11
40
35
1400
0
20A/1P
13
Total
Watts:
0
20A/1P 1400
15
0
20A/1P
Sqare
Feet:
204017
0
20A/1P
19
Power
0 Density:
20A/1P0.686275
21
0
20A/1P
23
0
20A/1P
25
0
20A/1P
27
0
20A/1P
29
0
20A/1P
31
0
20A/1P
33
0
20A/1P
35
0
20A/1P
37
0
20A/1P
39
0
20A/1P
41
Offices
Exterior
Control Panel Qty
Label
Control Panel
FF-1
A
B
C POS. NO.
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
C/B SIZE LOAD (WATTS)
LOCATION
Redesigned
Density
20A/1P
1800Power Corridor
20A/1P
20A/1P
Label
20A/1P
20A/1P
FF-1
20A/1P
20A/1P
FF-2
20A/1P
20A/1P
20A/1P
20A/1P
20A/1P
20A/1P
20A/1P
20A/1P
20A/1P
20A/1P
20A/1P
20A/1P
20A/1P
20A/1P
1196
Bridge
1100
CoveTotal
Qty 0
Watts 0
Watts
0
7 0
52
364
16 0
52
832
0 Total Watts:
1196
0
2040
0Square Feet:
Power
Density: 0.586275
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
DESCRIPTION
Lighting
Lighting
Lighting
Lighting
Circuit 4 Redesign -* 20A, Single Pole, 277V
*
*
*
Allowable Total Wattage
on Circuit 4
*
*
16A x 277V x 1(Power Factor)
= 4,432 Watts
CONNECTED LOAD (KW) - A
7.60
TOTAL DESIGN LOAD (KW)
CONNECTED LOAD (KW) - B
6.20
POWER FACTOR
CONNECTED LOAD (KW) - C
1.60
1,196 Watts < 4,432 Watts
23.09
1.00
TOTAL DESIGN LOAD (AMPS)
All Fixtures on Same Circuit
Feeder Requires (3) #10 Wires in ½” EMT Conduit
Corinne Ambler
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Construction Management
28
Cost Impact
Presentation
Outline
Project Overview
Construction Cost
Escalation
Solar Shading
Analysis
Bridge Illumination
Analysis
Acknowledgements
Redesigned Fixture
- Material Increase Cost of $1,000
- Labor Increase of 106 hours for Cost of $5,812
Number of Fixtures
- Existing has 40 Fixtures
- Redesign has 23 Fixtures
Lamp Maintenance Reduction
- Existing Lamp is Linear Fluorescent T8
- Redesigned Lamp is Metal Halide
- Linear Fluorescent Lamps Lose Efficiency and Lamp Life in Low Temperatures
- Metal Halide is Better for Outdoor Application
Questions &
Comments
Metal Halide
Corinne Ambler
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Linear Fluorescent
Construction Management
Conclusion & Recommendation
Presentation
Outline
Interior View
Project Overview
Construction Cost
Escalation
Solar Shading
Analysis
Bridge Illumination
Analysis
Existing
Acknowledgements
Questions &
Comments
Redesign
Corinne Ambler
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Construction Management
Conclusion & Recommendation
Presentation
Outline
Exterior View
Project Overview
Construction Cost
Escalation
Solar Shading
Analysis
Bridge Illumination
Analysis
Existing
Acknowledgements
Questions &
Comments
Redesign
Corinne Ambler
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Construction Management
Conclusion & Recommendation
Presentation
Outline
Existing
Project Overview
Exterior View
Construction Cost
Escalation
Solar Shading
Analysis
Bridge Illumination
Analysis
Redesign
Acknowledgements
Questions &
Comments
Corinne Ambler
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Construction Management
Conclusion & Recommendation
Presentation
Outline
Project Overview
Construction Cost
Escalation
Solar Shading
Analysis
Bridge Illumination
Analysis
Acknowledgements
Questions &
Comments
Utilize the Redesigned Lighting Scheme
- Creates a Prestigious Symbol for the College
- Slight Cost Increase
Corinne Ambler
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Construction Management
Acknowledgements
Presentation
Outline
Project Overview
Construction Cost
Escalation
Solar Shading
Analysis
Bridge Illumination
Analysis
Acknowledgements
Questions &
Comments
Architectural Engineering Faculty
- Dr. Horman
- Dr. Ling
- Dr. Messner
- Dr. Riley
Barton Malow Company
- Bob Grottenthaler
- Katie Lynahan
- Jason McFadden
- Allen Turnbaugh
- Todd Vochinsky
Coppin State University & University of Maryland, Baltimore
Design Collective, Inc
- Matt Herbert
- Eric Wohnsigl
Family and Friends
Fellow Architectural Engineering Students
- Alexis Kreft
- Joseph Mugford
- Angela Nudy
- Tyler Swartzwelder
Corinne Ambler
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Construction Management
Questions and Comments
Presentation
Outline
Project Overview
Construction Cost
Escalation
Questions & Comments
Solar Shading
Analysis
Bridge Illumination
Analysis
Acknowledgements
Questions &
Comments
Allow the Owner ‘To Get More Building For The Buck’
- Owner Manages the Risk of Cost Escalation and Inflation
- Reduce the Amount of Money Spent on Managing Risk
Lower the Sunshade to Reduce Solar Heat Gain
- First Year Savings of $14,480
- Yearly Additional Savings $3,220
- No Schedule Impact
Corinne Ambler
Utilize Redesigned Lighting Scheme of Bridge
- Creates Prestigious Symbol
- Highlights Structure and Architecture
- Hides Light Source
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Construction Management
Current Market Conditions
Presentation
Outline
Project Overview
Construction Cost
Escalation
Solar Shading
Analysis
Bridge Illumination
Analysis
Acknowledgements
Questions &
Comments
Corinne Ambler
AGC Percentage Changes in Producer Price (PPI) Index
Product
Concrete products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete pipe
Ready-mixed concrete
Precast concrete products
Prestressed concrete products
Brick and structural clay tile
Plastic construction products
Gypsum products
Insulation materials
Lumber and plywood
Architectural coatings
Steel mill products
Hot-rolled bars, plates, & structural shapes
Steel pipe and tube
Copper and brass mill shapes
Aluminum mill shapes
Fabricated structural metal
Fabricated structural metal for buildings
Architectural and ornamental metalwork
Fabricated iron & steel pipe, tube, & fittings
Fabricated steel plate
Prefabricated metal buildings
Construction machinery and equipment
Past Years
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
2.5
2.3
4.4
2.5
0.7
5.3
5.3
-2.7
0.4
0.4
-2.9
2.9
-6.1
-4.3
-3.7
-9.5
-2.9
-1.3
-1.5
-0.1
0.6
0.6
0.0
-0.1
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
-0.3
1.6
1.7
-1.1
0.3
1.8
1.9
3.1
3.4
-1.5
1.4
0.6
11.1
2.1
9.1
-1.6
-0.9
-2.4
-3.3
3.7
0.1
-1.0
4.0
1.9
1.5
3.2
1.4
2.1
2.5
-0.2
0.7
3.2
2.8
2.0
3.1
3.9
1.7
11.3
3.3
11.6
-0.5
0.1
-0.1
0.7
1.2
0.6
-0.7
1.3
7.6
4.7
5.5
8.7
6.0
8.2
3.0
7.2
20.0
8.6
5.0
5.3
48.8
53.8
66.0
29.6
9.9
24.7
20.0
23.5
32.6
7.6
35.5
6.0
10.1
7.9
8.1
7.0
7.5
3.8
11.3
9.8
6.0
3.9
14.3
4.9
9.4
5.8
21.6 -0.6
18.8
5.4
2.6
4.5
-1.1 -10.8
9.2
6.0
-3.8 11.6
-1.0
6.7
1.2
6.2
31.0 44.3
5.0 12.4
2.8
5.2
3.1
3.4
3.1
2.5
5.5
4.9
0.6
8.6
2.0
6.2
4.9
3.4
1 mo.
0.8
0.2
-0.1
1.0
1.2
-0.4
-0.1
-0.3
0
0.3
0.2
4.1
2.3
3.7
-0.1
1.7
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.1
-0.7
5.0
0.4
0.2
2007
3 mo.
1 yr.
2.5
1.7
-0.6
2.8
3.6
1.4
0.6
-1.3
-2.5
-1.1
3.5
4.7
3.5
6.1
-2.0
-7.2
2.7
0.9
0.5
3.1
-5.1
5.0
-0.8
1.4
5.3
4.3
2.6
5.8
5.1
5.6
2.4
-2.6
-4.0
-1.3
-10.2
4.6
13.1
12.5
3.0
25.5
7.7
5.3
2.7
5.6
-0.8
14.1
5.2
2.2
Construction Management
Current Market Conditions
Presentation
Outline
Material Cost Escalation
Project Overview
Construction Cost
Escalation
Solar Shading
Analysis
Bridge Illumination
Analysis
Acknowledgements
Questions &
Comments
CPI-U is the Consumer Price Index for all Urban Consumers
-Used to Help Predict Project Cost Changes
Corinne Ambler
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Construction Management
Structural Impacts
Presentation
Outline
Project Overview
Construction Cost
Escalation
Addition of 156 Steel Plates Around 5th Floor Perimeter
- A36 24”x 7”x 3/8”
- Welded to Girder Beam at 5’ O.C.
Existing Connection
Redesigned Connection
Solar Shading
Analysis
Bridge Illumination
Analysis
Acknowledgements
Questions &
Comments
Eccentric Weld Tables AISC Steel Manual 13th Edition
- Downward Force 2k per connection
- Moment of 4’k
- Plate Checked for Flexural Yield
Corinne Ambler
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Construction Management
Structural Impacts
Presentation
Outline
Project Overview
Construction Cost
Escalation
Wind Load
Self Weight Assumptions
- Self Weight: 15 psf
- Maximum Wind Load: 50 psf
- Maximum Snow Load: 50 psf
Solar Shading
Analysis
Bridge Illumination
Analysis
Acknowledgements
Questions &
Comments
Corinne Ambler
Snow Load
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Construction Management
Cost Impacts
Presentation
Outline
Project Overview
Construction Cost
Escalation
Electrical Savings
Current Btu
184,160,679
Acknowledgements
Questions &
Comments
Change in Btu
47,414,011
Change in Btu
Savings
$141
x $0.0608/kwh
COP of Chiller x 3412 kwh/Btu
Solar Shading
Analysis
Bridge Illumination
Analysis
Re-design Btu
136,746,668
Demand Supply Charge Savings
Current Lowest
Hourly Btu
7191
Re-design
Lowest Hourly
7048
Difference in
Hourly Btu
143
Change in
Tons
4.29
Demand
Charge Saved
$3,079
Hourly Change in Btu x 365 Days x COP of Chiller x $10/ton
12000 Btu/ton
Tonnage Reduction Savings
Amount Saved Number of Square
(Tons)
Feet per Ton
4.29
450
Cost ($/SF)
$8.95
Total Initial
Savings ($)
$17,277.98
Tons Saved x 450 SF/ton x $8.95/SF
Corinne Ambler
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Construction Management
Cost Impacts
Presentation
Outline
Project Overview
Structural Steel Plate Cost
Weight of Steel
(lb/ft3)
460
Volume of Steel
per Plate (ft3)
0.036458333
15% for Labor
(ft3)
0.00546875
Weight per
Plate (lb)
19.28645833
Number of
Plates
156
Cost ($/lb)
$2.00
Cost ($)
$6,017.38
Volume per Plate x 1.15 (Labor) x 460 lb/SF x Number of Plates x $2/lb
Construction Cost
Escalation
Additional Cost per Foot
Solar Shading
Analysis
Bridge Illumination
Analysis
Sunshade
Length (ft)
Area of
Sunshade (SF)
Cost ($)
4'
5'
6'
7'
8'
9'
10'
3,188
4,006
4,833
5,669
6,512
7,364
8,225
$0
$33,998
$68,370
$103,116
$138,152
$173,563
$209,348
Acknowledgements
$41.56/SF (Includes Labor) x Area of Sunshade
Questions &
Comments
Payback Period of Extension
Sunshade
Length (ft)
4'
5'
6'
7'
8'
9'
10'
Cost ($)
Initial Savings ($)
Additional Length + Steel
$6,017
$40,015
$74,387
$109,133
$144,170
$179,581
$215,366
Tonnage Reduction
$17,278
$21,628
$25,977
$30,206
$34,556
$38,906
$43,255
Yearly Savings ($) Payback Period
(Years)
Demand + Electric
$3,220
$4,026
$4,829
$5,606
$6,400
$7,192
$7,981
0
4
9
13
16
19
21
(Yearly Savings + Initial Savings – Initial Costs)
Yearly Savings
Corinne Ambler
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Construction Management
Mechanical Impacts
Presentation
Outline
Impacts of Lowering the Sunshade on the 5th Floor
North Change South Change East Change
in Btu
in Btu
in Btu
Month
Project Overview
Construction Cost
Escalation
Solar Shading
Analysis
Bridge Illumination
Analysis
Acknowledgements
Questions &
Comments
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Yearly Change:
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
364,788
525,743
601,529
243,556
0
0
0
241,207
709,339
683,433
360,811
286,508
4,016,913
761,486
1,049,002
4,600,052
1,825,055
2,074,564
2,138,146
2,332,903
2,369,945
1,713,417
1,408,382
800,958
591,278
21,665,186
West Change
in Btu
Total Change
in Btu
928,050
1,297,054
1,796,514
2,174,106
2,528,345
2,605,835
2,843,193
2,898,136
2,088,203
1,716,446
976,156
720,612
22,572,651
2,054,324
2,871,799
6,998,095
4,242,716
4,602,909
4,743,981
5,176,096
5,509,288
4,510,959
3,808,260
2,137,926
1,598,398
48,254,750
West Side Total Area of Glazing 1,685 ft2
North Side Total
Area of Glazing 173 ft2
North Side Total
Area of Glazing 632 ft2
East Side Total Area of Glazing 1,383 ft2
Corinne Ambler
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Construction Management
Conclusion & Recommendation
Presentation
Outline
Light Loss Factors
Project Overview
Construction Cost
Escalation
Solar Shading
Analysis
Bridge Illumination
Analysis
Luminaire Maintenance
LLD LDD RSDD
Label
Category
FF-1
IV
0.7
0.85
FF-2
III
0.7
0.88
Assume : 24 month cleaning interval and a clean
Total
LLF
0.98
0.5831
0.98
0.60368
environment.
BF
Acknowledgements
Questions &
Comments
Corinne Ambler
Penn State AE Senior Thesis
Construction Management