Manoa Elementary School
Amanda Cronauer
Faculty Advisor: Dr. William Bahnfleth
14 April 2010
Presentation Overview
Project Background
Existing Mechanical Summary
Design Objectives
Alternative Descriptions
Ground Source Heat Pumps
Air Source Heat Pumps
System Comparison
Final Recommendations
Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option
Spring 2010
Project Background
Project Background
Existing Mechanical Summary
Design Objectives
Alternative Descriptions
Ground Source Heat Pumps
Project Information:
Project Size:
Location:
Cost:
Stories:
Construction Dates:
Delivery Method:
85,355 sf
Havertown, PA
$21.2 million
Classroom [3], Administration [1]
May 2007-November 2008
Design-Bid-Build
Air Source Heat Pumps
System Comparison
Final Recommendations
Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option
Project Team:
Owner:
Architect:
General Contractor:
Structural Engineer:
MEP Engineer:
Haverford School District
McKissick Associates Architects
John S. McManus, Inc.
Baker Ingram & Associates, Inc.
H.F. Lenz Company
Spring 2010
Project Background
Existing Mechanical Summary
Design Objectives
Alternative Descriptions
Ground Source Heat Pumps
Air Source Heat Pumps
System Comparison
Final Recommendations
Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option
Building Layout
Spring 2010
Project Background
Existing Mechanical Summary
Design Objectives
Alternative Descriptions
Ground Source Heat Pumps
Air Source Heat Pumps
System Comparison
Final Recommendations
Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option
Building Layout
Spring 2010
Project Background
Existing Mechanical Summary
Design Objectives
Alternative Descriptions
Ground Source Heat Pumps
Air Source Heat Pumps
System Comparison
Final Recommendations
Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option
Building Layout
Spring 2010
Project Background
Existing Mechanical Summary
Design Objectives
Alternative Descriptions
Ground Source Heat Pumps
Air Source Heat Pumps
System Comparison
Final Recommendations
Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option
Building Layout
Spring 2010
Project Background
Existing Mechanical Summary
Design Objectives
Alternative Descriptions
Ground Source Heat Pumps
Air Source Heat Pumps
System Comparison
Final Recommendations
Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option
Building Layout
Spring 2010
Project Background
Existing Mechanical Summary
Design Objectives
Alternative Descriptions
Ground Source Heat Pumps
Air Source Heat Pumps
System Comparison
Final Recommendations
Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option
Building Layout
Spring 2010
Project Background
Existing Mechanical System
Existing Mechanical Summary
Design Objectives
Alternative Descriptions
Ground Source Heat Pumps
Classroom Wing:
[2] Rooftop Variable Air Volume Units
Direct Expansion Cooling
Hot Water Perimeter Heating
Energy Recovery Ventilators
[2] Air Cooled Condensing Units
AHU-3
Final Recommendations
Administration Wing:
AHU-2
AHU-1
Third Floor
Second Floor
Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option
AHU-5
AHU-4
Air Source Heat Pumps
System Comparison
Spring 2010
First Floor
Rooftop VAV Unit with Energy Recovery Ventilator [AHU-3]
[2] Rooftop Constant Volume Units
Direct Expansion Cooling
Hot Water Heating
[3] Air Cooled Condensing Units
Project Background
Existing Mechanical Summary
Design Objectives
Alternative Descriptions
Ground Source Heat Pumps
Design Objectives
Improve System Performance
Energy Consumption
Emissions
Total System Cost
Air Source Heat Pumps
System Comparison
Final Recommendations
Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option
Comparison of Proposed System Performance
Spring 2010
Project Background
Existing Mechanical Summary
Alternatives
Spring 2010
Ground Source Heat Pumps:
Air Source Heat Pumps:
Air Source Heat Pumps
[+] Decentralized System
[+] Higher System Efficiencies
[+] Lower Greenhouse Gas Emissions
[-] Increased Construction Costs
[-] Impact of Loop on Ecosystem
[+] Decentralized System
[+] Higher System Efficiencies
[+] Lower Greenhouse Gas Emissions
[+] No Extensive Excavation
[-] Utilizes Electricity
System Comparison
Dedicated Outdoor Air:
Final Recommendations
[+] Reduce Load on Heat Pumps
[+] Smaller
Design Objectives
Alternative Descriptions
Ground Source Heat Pumps
Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option
[-] Utilizes Electricity
Project Background
Existing Mechanical Summary
Design Objectives
Alternative Descriptions
Ground Source Heat Pumps
Air Source Heat Pumps
System Comparison
Final Recommendations
Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option
Vertical Loop Analysis
Systems to be Replaced:
Series Fan Powered Boxes  Heat Pump
Rooftop Air Handling Units  Dedicated
Outdoor Air Unit
Spring 2010
Vertical Loop Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Loop Sizing
Loop Optimization
[Construction Management
Breadth]
Results
Horizontal Loop Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Loop Sizing
Results
Vertical Loop Analysis
Project Background
Existing Mechanical Summary
Design Objectives
Assumptions:
Zoning
Alternative Descriptions
Ground Source Heat Pumps
Heat Pumps
Air Source Heat Pumps
DOAS Units
System Comparison
Final Recommendations
Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option
Spring 2010
Vertical Loop Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Loop Sizing
Loop Optimization
[Construction Management
Breadth]
Results
Horizontal Loop Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Loop Sizing
Results
Project Background
Existing Mechanical Summary
Design Objectives
Alternative Descriptions
Ground Source Heat Pumps
Air Source Heat Pumps
System Comparison
Final Recommendations
Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option
Vertical Loop Analysis
Spring 2010
Loop Sizing:
Vertical Loop Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Loop Sizing
Loop Optimization
[Construction Management
Breadth]
Results
Horizontal Loop Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Loop Sizing
Results
Vertical Loop Analysis
Project Background
Existing Mechanical Summary
Loop Sizing:
Design Objectives
Alternative Descriptions
Ground Source Heat Pumps
Spring 2010
Cooling Design Information
Entering Water
Temperature (°F)
75
Leaving Water
Temperature (°F)
85
Cooling Load
(MBH)
1,434
Total Borehole
Length (feet)
23,959
Air Source Heat Pumps
System Comparison
Final Recommendations
Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option
Heating Design Information
Entering Water
Temperature (°F)
45
Leaving Water
Temperature (°F)
35
Heating Load
(MBH)
1,153
Total Borehole
Length (feet)
25,052
Vertical Loop Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Loop Sizing
Loop Optimization
[Construction Management
Breadth]
Results
Horizontal Loop Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Loop Sizing
Results
Project Background
Vertical Loop Analysis
Existing Mechanical Summary
Spring 2010
Loop Sizing:
Design Objectives
Alternative Descriptions
Ground Source Heat Pumps
Air Source Heat Pumps
System Comparison
Final Recommendations
Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option
Heating Design Information
Entering Water
Temperature (°F)
45
Leaving Water
Temperature (°F)
35
Heating Load
(MBH)
1,153
Total Borehole
Length (feet)
25,052
Vertical Loop Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Loop Sizing
Loop Optimization
[Construction Management
Breadth]
Results
Horizontal Loop Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Loop Sizing
Results
Project Background
Vertical Loop Analysis
Existing Mechanical Summary
Design Objectives
Goals:
Meet Mechanical Load
Alternative Descriptions
Ground Source Heat Pumps
Air Source Heat Pumps
System Comparison
Final Recommendations
Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option
Spring 2010
Minimize Construction Cost
Vertical Loop Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Loop Sizing
Loop Optimization
[Construction Management
Breadth]
Results
Horizontal Loop Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Loop Sizing
Results
Project Background
Vertical Loop Analysis
Existing Mechanical Summary
Design Objectives
Alternative Descriptions
Ground Source Heat Pumps
Air Source Heat Pumps
System Comparison
Final Recommendations
Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option
Assumptions:
Piping  1” High Density Polyethylene [HDPE]
$0.53 per linear foot
40 foot lengths
$4.79 per weld
$40.25 per day for welding machine
Grout Constant Price of $5,937 regardless
Miscellaneous Site Costs  Specified by Number of Boreholes
Borehole Driller
Earth Auger Data
Bore Length
Rent
Output
(feet)
($/day)
(feet/day)
< 225
12190
1800
225 ≤ Lbore ≤ 325
14840
1200
> 325
12190
900
Spring 2010
Vertical Loop Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Loop Sizing
Loop Optimization
[Construction Management
Breadth]
Results
Horizontal Loop Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Loop Sizing
Results
Vertical Loop Analysis
Project Background
Existing Mechanical Summary
Design Objectives
Alternative Descriptions
Ground Source Heat Pumps
Spring 2010
Results:
$160,000
$150,000
$140,000
$130,000
Air Source Heat Pumps
System Comparison
Final Recommendations
A
$120,000
B
C
$110,000
$100,000
$90,000
Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option
$80,000
25
45
65
85
105
125
145
Vertical Loop Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Loop Sizing
Loop Optimization
[Construction Management
Breadth]
Results
Horizontal Loop Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Loop Sizing
Results
Vertical Loop Analysis
Project Background
Existing Mechanical Summary
Design Objectives
Alternative Descriptions
Ground Source Heat Pumps
Spring 2010
Results:
$160,000
$150,000
$140,000
$130,000
Air Source Heat Pumps
System Comparison
Final Recommendations
A
$120,000
B
C
$110,000
$100,000
$90,000
Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option
$80,000
25
45
65
85
105
125
145
Vertical Loop Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Loop Sizing
Loop Optimization
[Construction Management
Breadth]
Results
Horizontal Loop Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Loop Sizing
Results
Vertical Loop Analysis
Project Background
Existing Mechanical Summary
Design Objectives
Alternative Descriptions
Ground Source Heat Pumps
Spring 2010
Results:
[115] Boreholes
[218] feet per borehole
$86,889 Total Installed Cost
Air Source Heat Pumps
System Comparison
Final Recommendations
Drill C: Depths Less than 225 feet
Calculated
#
Length
Boreholes
25,052
Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option
115
Length
per bore
Actual
Length
Days
218
25,070
14
Drilling
Welding
Grouting
Pipe Cost
Miscellaneous
Rental
Rental
Cost
Cost
Number
Cost
Cost
Weeks
Days
3
$36,570 $13,287
627
2
$3,095 $5,937
$28,000
Total Cost
$86,889
Vertical Loop Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Loop Sizing
Loop Optimization
[Construction Management
Breadth]
Results
Horizontal Loop Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Loop Sizing
Results
Project Background
Existing Mechanical Summary
Design Objectives
Alternative Descriptions
Ground Source Heat Pumps
Air Source Heat Pumps
System Comparison
Final Recommendations
Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option
Vertical Loop Analysis
Spring 2010
Vertical Loop Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Loop Sizing
Loop Optimization
[Construction Management
Breadth]
Results
Horizontal Loop Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Loop Sizing
Results
Design Objectives
$120,000
Alternative Descriptions
$100,000
Electricity
$60,000
$40,000
Final Recommendations
$91,792
System Comparison
Gas
$85,923
Air Source Heat Pumps
$80,000
$87,273
Ground Source Heat Pumps
$20,000
Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option
Spring 2010
$2,357
Existing Mechanical Summary
$140,000
$26,970
Project Background
$37,556
Vertical Loop Analysis
$0
AHSRAE Baseline
System
1
Designed
2 System
Redesigned
System
3
Vertical Loop Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Loop Sizing
Loop Optimization
[Construction Management
Breadth]
Results
Horizontal Loop Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Loop Sizing
Results
Vertical Loop Analysis
Project Background
Existing Mechanical Summary
5000
4500
Final Recommendations
2500
Gas
3,319
1500
3,211
Electricity
2000
2,966
System Comparison
3000
MBH
Air Source Heat Pumps
3500
61
Alternative Descriptions
1,320
4000
918
Design Objectives
Ground Source Heat Pumps
1000
500
0
Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option
Spring 2010
ASHRAE Baseline
As Designed
Proposed Redesign
Vertical Loop Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Loop Sizing
Loop Optimization
[Construction Management
Breadth]
Results
Horizontal Loop Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Loop Sizing
Results
Vertical Loop Analysis
Project Background
Existing Mechanical Summary
System Energy Savings Comparison
Savings Over
Baseline
Design Objectives
%
Alternative Descriptions
25% Reduction =
Savings Over
Designed
$
%
As Designed
9.56
11,936
Redesign
24.58
30,680 19.91
Spring 2010
7/19 LEED Points
[EA Credit 1]
$
18,744
Ground Source Heat Pumps
Air Source Heat Pumps
Greenhouse Gas Emission Data
System Comparison
CO2
NOX
(lbm/year)
(lbm/year)
ASHRAE Baseline
2.02E+04
3.05E+01
1.64E+03
1.56E+04
As Designed
1.59E+04
2.47E+01
1.15E+03
1.08E+04
Redesign
6.15E+03
1.10E+01
1.03E+02
Final Recommendations
Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option
Total
SOX
Redesign
Savings
(lbm/year) (lbm/year)
Vertical Loop Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Loop Sizing
Loop Optimization
[Construction Management
Breadth]
Results
Horizontal Loop Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Loop Sizing
Results
Project Background
Vertical Loop Analysis
Existing Mechanical Summary
Simple Payback Period:
Design Objectives
Alternative Descriptions
Ground Source Heat Pumps
Air Source Heat Pumps
System Comparison
Final Recommendations
Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option
Design:
[5] Rooftop AHU’s =$280,000
[5] ACCU’s= $12,000
Utility= $112,893
Redesign:
•[67] Heat Pumps= $420,050
•[5] DOAS Units= $82,042
•Vertical Loop= $86,889
•Utility=$94,129
Simple Payback Period: 10.76 years
Spring 2010
Vertical Loop Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Loop Sizing
Loop Optimization
[Construction Management
Breadth]
Results
Horizontal Loop Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Loop Sizing
Results
Project Background
Vertical Loop Analysis
Existing Mechanical Summary
Simple Payback Period:
Design Objectives
Alternative Descriptions
Ground Source Heat Pumps
Air Source Heat Pumps
System Comparison
Design:
[5] Rooftop AHU’s =$280,000
[5] ACCU’s= $12,000
Utility= $112,893
Ductwork= $319,850
Redesign:
•[67] Heat Pumps= $420,050
•[5] DOAS Units= $82,042
•Vertical Loop= $86,889
•Ductwork= $74,531
•Utility= $94,129
Final Recommendations
Simple Payback Period: 1.2 years
Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option
Spring 2010
Vertical Loop Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Loop Sizing
Loop Optimization
[Construction Management
Breadth]
Results
Horizontal Loop Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Loop Sizing
Results
Project Background
Existing Mechanical Summary
Design Objectives
Alternative Descriptions
Ground Source Heat Pumps
Air Source Heat Pumps
System Comparison
Final Recommendations
Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option
Horizontal Loop Analysis
Systems to be Replaced:
Series Fan Powered Boxes  Heat Pump
Rooftop Air Handling Units  Dedicated
Outdoor Air Unit
Spring 2010
Vertical Loop Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Loop Sizing
Loop Optimization
[Construction Management
Breadth]
Results
Horizontal Loop Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Loop Sizing
Results
Project Background
Horizontal Loop Analysis
Existing Mechanical Summary
Design Objectives
Assumptions:
Zoning
Alternative Descriptions
Ground Source Heat Pumps
Heat Pumps
Air Source Heat Pumps
DOAS Units
System Comparison
Final Recommendations
Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option
Spring 2010
Vertical Loop Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Loop Sizing
Loop Optimization
[Construction Management
Breadth]
Results
Horizontal Loop Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Loop Sizing
Results
Project Background
Horizontal Loop Analysis
Existing Mechanical Summary
Design Objectives
Alternative Descriptions
Ground Source Heat Pumps
Air Source Heat Pumps
System Comparison
Final Recommendations
Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option
Assumptions:
Sizing Method Applicable
Horizontal, 6-Pipe Coil
Ground Temperature
Spring 2010
Vertical Loop Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Loop Sizing
Loop Optimization
[Construction Management
Breadth]
Results
Horizontal Loop Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Loop Sizing
Results
Project Background
Horizontal Loop Analysis
Existing Mechanical Summary
Design Objectives
Results:
[150] foot per ton loop recommended
Alternative Descriptions
Ground Source Heat Pumps
Air Source Heat Pumps
System Comparison
Final Recommendations
Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option
[17,925] feet of length required
Spring 2010
Vertical Loop Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Loop Sizing
Loop Optimization
[Construction Management
Breadth]
Results
Horizontal Loop Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Loop Sizing
Results
$140,000
Design Objectives
$120,000
Alternative Descriptions
$100,000
$40,000
Final Recommendations
$106,856
System Comparison
$60,000
$85,923
Air Source Heat Pumps
$80,000
$87,273
Ground Source Heat Pumps
$20,000
Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option
Spring 2010
$2,908
Existing Mechanical Summary
$26,970
Project Background
$37,556
Horizontal Loop Analysis
$0
1
AHSRAE Baseline
2 System
Designed
3
Redesign
System
Gas
Electricity
Vertical Loop Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Loop Sizing
Loop Optimization
[Construction Management
Breadth]
Results
Horizontal Loop Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Loop Sizing
Results
Horizontal Loop Analysis
Project Background
5000
Existing Mechanical Summary
Ground Source Heat Pumps
3000
918
3500
2500
System Comparison
1500
Final Recommendations
1000
3,945
2000
3,211
Gas
2,966
MBH
Alternative Descriptions
1,320
4000
80
4500
Design Objectives
Air Source Heat Pumps
500
Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option
Spring 2010
0
ASHRAE Baseline
As Designed
Proposed Redesign
Electricity
Vertical Loop Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Loop Sizing
Loop Optimization
[Construction Management
Breadth]
Results
Horizontal Loop Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Loop Sizing
Results
Horizontal Loop Analysis
Project Background
Existing Mechanical Summary
System Energy Savings Comparison
Savings Over
Baseline
Design Objectives
%
Alternative Descriptions
12% Reduction =
Savings Over
Designed
$
%
As Designed
9.56
11,936
Redesign
12.07
15,065
2.85
Spring 2010
$
1/19 LEED Point
[EA Credit 1]
3,129
Ground Source Heat Pumps
Air Source Heat Pumps
Greenhouse Gas Emission Data
System Comparison
CO2
NOX
(lbm/year)
(lbm/year)
ASHRAE Baseline
2.02E+04
3.05E+01
1.64E+03
1.43E+04
As Designed
1.59E+04
2.47E+01
1.15E+03
9.55E+03
Redesign
7.40E+03
1.31E+01
1.31E+02
Final Recommendations
Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option
Total
SOX
Redesign
Savings
(lbm/year) (lbm/year)
Vertical Loop Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Loop Sizing
Loop Optimization
[Construction Management
Breadth]
Results
Horizontal Loop Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Loop Sizing
Results
Project Background
Horizontal Loop Analysis
Existing Mechanical Summary
Simple Payback Period:
Design Objectives
Alternative Descriptions
Ground Source Heat Pumps
Air Source Heat Pumps
System Comparison
Design:
[5] Rooftop AHU’s =$280,000
[5] ACCU’s= $12,000
Utility= $112,893
Ductwork= $319,850
Redesign:
•[67] Heat Pumps= $420,050
•[5] DOAS Units= $82,042
•Horizontal Loop= $76,898
•Ductwork= $74,531
•Utility= $109,764
Final Recommendations
Simple Payback Period: 0.95 years
Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option
Spring 2010
Vertical Loop Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Loop Sizing
Loop Optimization
[Construction Management
Breadth]
Results
Horizontal Loop Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Loop Sizing
Results
Project Background
Existing Mechanical Summary
Design Objectives
Alternative Descriptions
Ground Source Heat Pumps
Air Source Heat Pumps
System Comparison
Final Recommendations
Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option
Air Source Heat Pumps
Systems to be Replaced:
Series Fan Powered Boxes  Heat Pump
Rooftop Air Handling Units  Dedicated
Outdoor Air Unit
Spring 2010
Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Results
Air Source Heat Pumps
Project Background
Existing Mechanical Summary
Design Objectives
Assumptions:
Zoning
Alternative Descriptions
Ground Source Heat Pumps
Heat Pumps
Air Source Heat Pumps
DOAS Units
System Comparison
Final Recommendations
Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option
Spring 2010
Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Results
$140,000
Design Objectives
$120,000
Alternative Descriptions
$100,000
$40,000
Final Recommendations
Electricity
$83,442
$60,000
System Comparison
$20,000
Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option
Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Results
Gas
$85,923
Air Source Heat Pumps
$80,000
$87,273
Ground Source Heat Pumps
Spring 2010
$19,942
Existing Mechanical Summary
$26,970
Project Background
$37,556
Air Source Heat Pumps
$0
1
AHSRAE Baseline
System
2 System
Designed
3
Redesign
System
Air Source Heat Pumps
Project Background
5000
Existing Mechanical Summary
Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Results
4500
706
Ground Source Heat Pumps
3000
918
3500
2500
1500
Final Recommendations
1000
2,440
System Comparison
500
0
Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option
Gas
Electricity
2000
2,966
MBH
Alternative Descriptions
1,320
4000
3,211
Design Objectives
Air Source Heat Pumps
Spring 2010
ASHRAE Baseline
As Designed
Proposed Redesign
Air Source Heat Pumps
Project Background
Existing Mechanical Summary
System Energy Savings Comparison
Savings Over
Baseline
Design Objectives
Alternative Descriptions
%
Savings Over
Designed
$
%
As Designed
9.56
11,936
Redesign
17.18
21,445
9.20
$
Spring 2010
17% Reduction =
3/19 LEED Points
[EA Credit 1]
9,509
Ground Source Heat Pumps
Air Source Heat Pumps
Greenhouse Gas Emission Data
System Comparison
CO2
NOX
(lbm/year)
(lbm/year)
ASHRAE Baseline
2.02E+04
3.05E+01
1.64E+03
8.75E+03
As Designed
1.59E+04
2.47E+01
1.15E+03
4.00E+03
Redesign
1.22E+04
1.89E+01
8.82E+02
Final Recommendations
Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option
Total
SOX
Redesign
Savings
(lbm/year) (lbm/year)
Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Results
Project Background
Air Source Heat Pumps
Existing Mechanical Summary
Simple Payback Period:
Design Objectives
Alternative Descriptions
Ground Source Heat Pumps
Air Source Heat Pumps
System Comparison
Design:
[5] Rooftop AHU’s =$280,000
[5] ACCU’s= $12,000
Utility= $112,893
Ductwork= $319,850
Redesign:
•[67] Heat Pumps= $211,403
•[5] DOAS Units= $83,042
•Ductwork= $74,531
•Utility= $103,384
Final Recommendations
Simple Payback Period: 0.65 years
Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option
Spring 2010
Analysis
Systems to be Replaced
Assumptions
Results
System Comparison
$40,000
Final Recommendations
$20,000
Gas
$2,908
$0
Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option
Baseline
As Designed
Vertical
Loop
Horizontal
Loop
Spring 2010
$19,942
Air Source Heat Pumps
$60,000
$83,442
$80,000
$106,856
Ground Source Heat Pumps
$2,357
$100,000
$91,792
Alternative Descriptions
$26,970
Design Objectives
$120,000
$85,923
Existing Mechanical Summary
$140,000
$87,273
Project Background
$37,556
System Comparison
Air Source
Electricity
System Comparison
80
61
918
1,320
1500
706
Gas
3,945
3,319
2000
3,211
2500
2,966
$2,908
$20,000
Electricity
MBH
3000
Gas
Electricity
1000
500
0
$0
Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option
3500
2,440
Final Recommendations
$19,942
$40,000
4000
$83,442
System Comparison
$106,856
Air Source Heat Pumps
$60,000
$2,357
Ground Source Heat Pumps
$80,000
$91,792
$100,000
$26,970
Alternative Descriptions
4500
$85,923
Design Objectives
$120,000
5000
$37,556
Existing Mechanical Summary
$140,000
$87,273
Project Background
Spring 2010
Baseline
As Designed
Vertical
Loop
Horizontal
Loop
Air Source
ASHRAE
Baseline
As Designed
Vertical
Horizontal
Air Source
System Comparison
Project Background
Greenhouse Gas Emission Data
Existing Mechanical Summary
Ground Source Heat Pumps
Air Source Heat Pumps
System Comparison
Final Recommendations
Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option
Total
SOX
Emissions
(lbm/year) (lbm/year)
CO2
NOX
(lbm/year)
(lbm/year)
ASHRAE Baseline
2.02E+04
3.05E+01
1.64E+03
2.18E+04
As Designed
1.59E+04
2.47E+01
1.15E+03
1.71E+04
Vertical Loop
6.15E+03
1.10E+01
1.03E+02
6.26E+03
Horizontal Loop
7.40E+03
1.31E+01
1.31E+02
7.54E+03
Air Source
1.22E+04
1.89E+01
8.82E+02
1.31E+04
Design Objectives
Alternative Descriptions
Spring 2010
Simple Payback Period:
•Vertical Loop GSHP = [1.2] years
•Horizontal Loop GSHP = [0.95] years
•Air Source Heat Pump= [0.65] years
Project Background
Existing Mechanical Summary
Design Objectives
Alternative Descriptions
Ground Source Heat Pumps
Air Source Heat Pumps
System Comparison
Final Recommendations
Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option
Final Recommendations
Emissions and Fuel Consumption:
Vertical Ground Source Heat Pump
Lowest First Cost:
Air Source Heat Pump
Fastest Potential Payback:
Air Source Heat Pump
LEED Points:
Vertical Ground Source Heat Pump
Spring 2010
Special Thanks To:
•Paul Cronauer, H.F. Lenz Contact
•Verne McKissick, McKissick Architects Contact
•Dr. Bahnfleth, Faculty Advisor
•Penn State Architectural Engineering Mechanical Faculty
•Family and Friends for all their support
•Fellow AE Students
•Jonah, moral support
Amanda Cronauer │ Mechanical Option
Questions
Spring 2010