Joe Sharkey
Structural Option
Christiana Hospital
2010 Project
Newark, DE
Scope of Presentation
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Introduction
Structural Overview
Proposed Changes
Effects of Sectioning Structure on
the Lateral System
Post-Tensioned Slab Design
Cost/Schedule Comparison
Acoustical Design
Conclusions
Introduction
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Occupant – Christiana Care
Project Cost - $126 Million
360,000 ft2 addition
Design-Bid-Build
8 Story Hospital
2 Story Conference Wing
Creates additional:
• 216 Beds
• Operating Rooms
• Catheterization Labs
• Emergency Exam Rooms
Structural Overview
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Hospital (Main Tower)
42” thick mat foundation
9 ½” two-way reinforced
concrete slab
5 ½” drop panels around
columns
24”x24” concrete columns
(11) 12” thick concrete
shear walls
Structural Overview
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Conference Wing
Spread Footings
Steel Framing
3 ¼” lightweight concrete
over 2” metal deck
4 concentrically braced
frames
Large 63’ span at the center
Proposed Changes
• Divide Main Tower into two independent structures
 Create a more symmetrical building
 Reduce lateral load due to torsional effects on
shear walls
 Reduce size/number of shear walls for
cost/schedule savings
• Create a post-tensioned design
 Deletion of drop panels
 Save on formwork/labor
 Compare cost and schedule
Effects of Sectioning Structure
M
65
Effects of Sectioning Structure
CM2
CM1
CR2
CR1
Effects of Sectioning Structure
Shear
WallForces
Forces
Shear
Wall
Wall #
4
O rigional Design
My Design (With Expansion Joint)
O rigional
Design
My
Design
(With Expansion
Wall #
Story
V (k)
M (ft-k)
V (k)
M (ft-k)
Story
V
(k)
M
(ft-k)
V
(k)
M (ft-k)
1
ROOF
32.03
426.036
-53.84 -969.052
EIG H TH STO R Y
32.03
579.452
81.88 -969.052
SEVENTH STO R Y
32.03
763.681
191.1 2488.788
SIXTH STO R Y
164.89 2029.899
284.95
5718.17
FIFTH STO R Y
169.2 2968.093
367.71 9885.573
FO U R TH STO R Y
192.92 4094.922
353.38 13890.51
TH IR D STO R Y
209.03 5305.472
345.6
17807.3
SECO ND STO R Y
229.41 7317.371
341.66 23046.11
FIR ST FLO O R
295.72 9534.092
363.29 28132.12
2
ROOF
80.04
838.906
28.65
515.65
EIG H TH STO R Y
80.04
833.181
114.32 1963.741
SEVENTH STO R Y
80.04
986.541
182.79 4279.142
SIXTH STO R Y
291.29 2559.436
240.9 7009.398
FIFTH STO R Y
332.05 3529.071
287.04 10262.57
FO U R TH STO R Y
394.53 4696.832
375.93 14523.06
TH IR D STO R Y
443.48 5939.244
448.64 19607.68
SECO ND STO R Y
456.38 8122.908
504.21 27338.96
FIR ST FLO O R
404.19
9049.62
537.96
34870.4
3
ROOF
-12.5
149.955
82.33 1481.993
EIG H TH STO R Y
30.32
566.247
32.32 1891.401
SEVENTH STO R Y
30.32
749.492
-7.32 1891.401
SIXTH STO R Y
162.24 2013.333
-45.46 1798.705
FIFTH STO R Y
168.29 2966.602
-78.46 1283.441
FO U R TH STO R Y
196.1
4119.22
12.22
727.069
TH IR D STO R Y
216.8
5358.93
103.48 1815.459
SECO ND STO R Y
241.39 7414.164
163.51 4322.631
FIR ST FLO O R -47.05
302.44 -846.864
9566.676
172.55
6738.285 362.82
RO O F
20.16
4
ROOF
-47.05 -846.864
20.16
362.82
EIG H TH FLO
O
R
100.39
-846.864
148.76
2247.115
EIG H TH FLO O R
100.39 -846.864
148.76 2247.115
SEVENTH SEVENTH
FLO O R FLO O256.34
3671.634
314.8
6234.543
R
256.34 3671.634
314.8 6234.543
6181.244
449.81
11332.35
SIXTH FLOSIXTH
O R FLO O R 221.44221.446181.244
449.81
11332.346
FIFTH FLO O R
295.62 9531.597
557.19 17647.18
FIFTH FLOFO
OU
RR TH FLO O295.62
9531.597 642.06
557.19
17647.181
R
356.81 13575.48
24923.84
FO U RTH FLO
13575.475
642.06
24923.839
TH IRO
DR
FLO O R 356.81
405.91
18175.79
726.1
33152.95
R
458.14
25200.61
764.3
44872.18
TH IRD FLOSECO
O RND FLO O 405.91
18175.793
726.1
33152.952
FIR ST FLO O R
486.43 32010.63
718.19 54926.84
SECO ND
FLO
O
R
458.14
25200.607
764.3
44872.184
5
ROOF
-8.79 -158.246
4.46
80.22
FIRST FLOEIG
O RH TH FLO O 486.43
718.19
54926.843
R
75.7532010.63
801.254
75.58
1037.542
SEVENTH FLO O R
167.33 2920.764
170.6 3198.524
SIXTH FLO O R
193.35 5112.008
243.95 5963.327
FIFTH FLO O R
248.88 7932.635
301.76 9383.289
FO U R TH FLO O R
286.13 11175.45
345.71 13301.37
TH IR D FLO O R
313.5
14728.5
390.42 17726.15
SECO ND FLO O R
339.56 19935.04
412.73 24054.66
FIR ST FLO O R
407.04 25633.53
481.4 30794.31
Joint)
Effects of Sectioning Structure
A
C
ASCE7-02 (9.5.2.8 & 9.5.5.7.1)
Seismic Use Group: III
I=1.5 Cd=4.5
∆amplified=(Cd*∆)/I
∆allowable=0.01h=0.01(118’)=14.16”
Building Deflections at Roof
∆x ∆xamplified ∆y ∆yamplified
Original Design
3.93 11.79
3.67 11.02
Area A (after
7.02 21.05
4.73 14.18
sectioning)
Area C (after
sectioning)
8.07 24.21
6.41 19.22
Effects of Sectioning Structure
Building Deflections at Roof
∆x
∆xamplified
∆y
∆yamplified
New Design
Area A
3.93 11.79
3.67 11.02
New Design
Area B
4.71 14.13
4.23 12.71
65
Post-Tensioned Slab Design
Main Tower (First Floor)
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Class U (uncracked concrete): ft < 7.5√f’c
10” Slab
5000 psi concrete
Largest Span = 30’
Tendons in groups of 4 @ 6’ o.c.
Exterior Span
Interior Span
1¼”
10”
5”
1¼”
1¼”
Post-Tensioned Slab Design
Uniformly Spaced Tendons
Main Tower (First Floor)
½”Ф – 270 ksi unbonded
tendons in groups of 4 @
6’ o.c.
Stressing Pockets
Expansion Joint
Banded Tendons
Main Tower (First Floor)
Banded Tendons
# Tendons
22
In-Plane Curve
20
> 6:1
18
16
14
12
8
Sustained Service Load Deflection
Plan
∆max = L/360
= 1”
Uniformly Spaced Tendons
Main Tower (Typical Floors)
½”Ф – 270 ksi unbonded
tendons in groups of 3 @
3¾’ o.c.
Expansion Joint
Banded Tendons
Main Tower (Typical Floors)
Conference Wing (Typical Floor)
Prestressed Beam
24x42 w/ 30 Tendons
RC Beam
24x42 8#6 T&B
15” Slab
Slab Tendons in groups of
3 @ 4 ½’ o.c.
Prestressed Beam
18x42 w/ 15 Tendons
RC Beam
16x42 4#7 T&B
Construction Management
Total Structural System Cost Without Added Shear Walls
Concrete
Structural Steel/ Misc. Metals
Total
Savings of
My Design
As Built
$11,880,127
$9,320,230
$205,958
$2,897,875
$12,086,085
$12,218,105
$132,020
Total Structural System Cost With Added Shear Walls
Concrete
Structural Steel/ Misc. Metals
Total
Added Cost of
My Design
As Built
$12,096,298
$9,320,230
$205,958
$2,897,875
$12,302,256
$12,218,105
$84,151
Construction Management
Project Schedule
Main Tower
Conference Wing
Start Date
Finish Date
Start Date
Finish Date
As Built
9/1/2004
3/1/2005
1/17/2005
3/11/2005
My Design
9/1/2004
1/12/2005
1/17/2005
3/31/2005
Time Savings
Time Lost
49 Days
20 Days
Acoustics
12’ Ceiling Height
Materials Used:
63’
•5/8” Gypsum
•4’x4’ Armstrong
Optima Ceiling Tiles
•Softwall ½”
Acousticotton
•Carpeting
•Upholstered Seats
61’
Acoustics
As Built Room
Surface
Floor
Floor
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Ceiling
Material
Carpet on Concrete
Audience in
U polstered Seats
5/8" G ypsum on
Metal Studs
Wood Paneling
and Doors
Softwall - 1/2"
Acousticotton
G lass
Curtin
Armstrong
O ptima 3255 4'x4' Tile
5/8" G ypsum
Ceiling
Target R everb. Time:
0.7-1.1 sec.
Area (ft 2 )
Price/ft 2
Cost
$0.32
$231.82
$1.50
$2,632.71
0.97
$4.10
$11,657.08
0.03
7699.55
0.03
7963.56
$0.32
$1,334.32
$15,855.93
0.32
0.31
3304
500
0.14
Absorption Coefficient (H z)
1000
2000
0.37
0.6
4000
0.65
1220.6
0.88
0.96
0.93
0.85
724.45
0.05
0.03
0.03
0.03
619.75
0.17
0.09
0.1
0.11
1755.14
0.22
0.54
0.81
1
35.33
98
0.18
0.4
0.12
0.4
0.07
0.5
0.04
0.5
2843.19
0.84
1.01
1.02
4169.75
a= ?Sα
T 60 (sec.)
0.05
4706.73
0.03
6459.69
0.59
0.39
$15,855.93
Acoustics
My Design
Surface
Floor
Material
Area (ft 2)
Carpet on Concrete 3304
Audience in
Floor
1220.6
U polstered Seats
5/8" Gypsum on
Wall
2289.57
Metal Studs
Wood Paneling
Wall
619.75
and Doors
Softwall - 1/2"
Wall
192
Acousticotton
Wall
G lass
35.33
Wall
Curtin
98
Armstrong
Ceiling
O ptima 3255 0
4'x4' Tile
5/8" Gypsum
Ceiling
7012.94
Target Reverb. Time:
a=∑Sα
0.7-1.1 sec.
T60 (sec.)
Price/ft 2
Cost
$0.32
$732.66
$1.50
$288.00
0.97
$4.10
$0.00
0.03
3774.77
0.66
$0.32
$2,244.14
$3,264.80
500
0.14
Absorption Coefficient (Hz)
1000
2000
0.37
0.6
4000
0.65
0.88
0.96
0.93
0.85
0.05
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.17
0.09
0.1
0.11
0.22
0.54
0.81
1
0.18
0.4
0.12
0.4
0.07
0.5
0.04
0.5
0.84
1.01
1.02
0.05
2194.97
1.14
0.03
2876.23
0.87
0.03
3665.6
0.68
$3,264.80
Acoustics
Benefits:
•Target Reverberation Time Met
•Cost Savings of $12,591
Conclusions
Sectioning Structure into two Independent Structures:
• Increased Forces
• Required Additional Walls
• Increased Both Cost and Schedule
Post-Tensioned Design:
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Created a Lighter Building
Allowed for Deletion of Drop Panels
Decreased Both Cost and Schedule in Main Tower
Increased Schedule in Conference Wing
Acoustical Redesign:
• Target Reverberation Time Met
• Decreased Cost of Conference Room by $12,591
Acknowledgments
•Cagley & Associates
Frank Malits
Joe Ajello
James Lakey
•Wilmot Sanz
Sheila Williams
•AE Faculty
Dr. Memari
Dr. Lepage
Professor Parfitt
•Suncoast Post-Tension
•Acoustical Panel Resources
•Armstrong
•Marjam Supply
Questions