1 Figure 2 3 Supplementary Fig. 1 Kinetic bioluminescent intensity of ADPWH_recA induced by artificial Cr- 4 contaminated soils. The soils were all treated with ultrasound for 300 s and exposed to the bioreporter 5 as soil-water slurries. Three replicates were conducted for each soil sample and three independent 6 replicates were carried out for the whole experiment. Error bars were standard deviations. 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1 20 21 22 Supplementary Fig. 2 Cell viability estimation of ADPWH_recA exposed to different concentrations 23 of Cr(VI). The 100 μM, 10 μM and 1 μM samples were artificial Cr(VI)-contaminated soils and S7 24 was the Cr(VI)-contaminated soils taken from Shandong Province. 200 mg of these soils were mixed 25 with 5 ml Milli-Q water and sonicated for 300 s as water-soil slurries. The cell population estimating 26 was done by colony couting on LB agar plate. Bioreporter cells exposed to different concentrations of 27 Cr(VI) were sampled at 0 h, 3 h, 4 h, 5 h and 6 h, and made a series dilution of 101, 102, 103, 104, 105 28 and 106. The 100 μl of each diluted cells were spread on LB agar plate and incubated at 30 °C for 29 colony counting. Three replicates were carried out for each treatment and three independent replicates 30 were carried out for the whole experiment. Error bars were standard deviations. 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 2 38 39 Supplementary Fig. 3 Sample collection from chromium-contaminated sites in China. 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 3 55 Table 56 Supplementary Table 1. Physical and chemical properties of chromium-contaminated soil samples. No. Area Cr concentration pH (ppm) Organic matter Cation exchange capacity (%) (cmol/100 g) S2 Shenyang 499 9.35 3.1 21 S4 Henan 112 8.36 2.04 28 S6 Henan 388 7 0.94 28 S7 Shandong 7089 10.72 0.96 22 S8 Shandong 7505 12.06 0.88 31 S13 Hubei 390 9.05 2.73 26 S14 Hubei 499 7.75 2.28 44 S15 Wuxi 123 8.4 0.59 36 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 4 72 Supplementary Table 1. Physical and chemical properties of chromium-contaminated soil samples. No. Total Total Total Available Available Available nitrogen phosphate potassium nitrogen phosphate potassium (%) (%) (%) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) S2 0.071 0.046 1.82 17.3 4.35 223 S4 0.102 0.039 1.75 47.5 0.66 130 S6 0.059 0.03 2.22 37.9 0.62 152 S7 0.004 0.056 0.29 6.4 17.8 57 S8 0.006 0.06 0.12 3.9 23.1 120 S13 0.12 0.044 1.27 36 0.22 93 S14 0.055 0.032 1.65 23.8 1.27 63 S15 0.046 0.065 1.9 37.2 1.57 97 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 5 91 Supplementary Table 1. Physical and chemical properties of chromium-contaminated soil samples. Particle size distribution (%) No. Sand Silt Clay >0.05 mm 0.05–0.02 mm 0.02–0.0063 mm 0.0063–0.002 mm <0.002 mm S2 46 16 13.3 7.4 17.7 S4 22 19.60 26.60 11.5 20 S6 21 14.2 18.3 11.2 35.4 S7 77 5.8 9.2 4.4 4.1 S8 64 7.2 13.3 9.1 6.3 S13 37 11.8 26.3 3.6 21.1 S14 35 13.7 24.30 7.8 18.9 S15 19 19.4 29 5 27.2 92 6