Annual Meeting 2003
FIG Commission 7
Polish System of Cadastre
Andrzej HOPFER
Wojciech WILKOWSKI
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The contents
• The history of the Polish Cadastre
• The definition of the Polish real estate cadastre
• The definition of cadastral objects (land plots,
buildings, premises)
• The level of computerisation of the polish
cadastral system
• The programme of modernisation of the existing
cadastre
• The programme for an integrated cadastral system
in Poland
• Summary
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The history of the Polish
Cadastre
The first technical book published in Polish.
Professor Stanisław Grzepski – then the head of the
Institute of Practical Geometry of the Jagiellonian
University who wrote and published the book called
“Geometry is a surveying science” in 1566
“This book has been published on considerable occasion in
Vilnius, at the King August’s Court, for surveyors in
Podlasie, who sometimes were leading ropes through the
room centres and drilling holes.”
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The history of the Polish Cadastre
Cadastre in Poland at the end of the 19th century
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The history of the Polish Cadastre
After World War 2, Poland’s borders have undergone
significant changes. It had taken until 1956 to start a wide
scope of geodesic work, tied to the establishment of uniform
land cadastre.
As a result of this work, cadastral maps have been drawn with
the use of various technologies:
• 34.5% of the inventoried area, the borders of plots have
been measured using direct measuring methods;
• 23.5% of the inventoried area, the borders of plots have
been measured with the use of photogrammetry,
• 42.0% of the inventoried area, the borders of plots have
been based on other studies and documents (old cadastre
maps, integration/ division maps, etc.)
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The history of the Polish Cadastre
The said maps have been drawn in the following
scales:
• 1:500 - 176740 hectares,
• 1:1000 - 669435 hectares,
• 1:2000 - 2877232 hectares,
• 1:5000 - 22468043 hectares,
in other scales – 1993069 hectares.
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The modern cadastre
The Polish law defines the real estate cadastre the following way:
 a uniform, standard for the whole country, systematically updated
collection of information on land, buildings and premises; their
owners or other individual or legal persons who control these lands,
buildings and premises.
The cadastral objects have been defined in the following way:
land plot - a unit of land, located within single, uniform limits;
homogenous in legal terms; separated from the surrounding area with border
lines;
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building - a closed and roofed construction, together with built-in
installations and technical equipment, used for permanent needs. It is
adapted for housing people and/or animals; or for the storage and protection
of objects;
premises - a unit, room or group of rooms, separated with fixed permanent
walls within a building, designated for permanent presence of people.
Together with service units is used to fulfil the housing needs of the
residents.
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12
01
12
02
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The computerisation of the
descriptive part of the cadastre
• 1975 - starting work from coding data on a
perforated tape
• 1985 - 2001 - setting up the descriptive part
of the cadastre system on single computer
workstations
• 2001 - the computerisation of the discriptive
part of the cadastre is finished
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The drawbacks of the applied
computerisation
• variety of software tools (up to 27
applications) in different parts of the
country
• lack of communication between existing
systems
• lack of possibility to automatically
aggregate cadastral data on regional and
national level
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The computerisation of the
cartographical part of the cadastre
• 1990 - the beginning of works
• 2002 - already 70% of urban areas and 24%
of rural areas is covered by numerical
cadastral maps.
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The drawbacks
Maps were created using different software
tools.
The research on the degree of computerisation of
the cartographic part of the cadastre showed that
over 20 different types of software basing on
various kinds of databases had been used.
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Conclusions following from performed analysis
Given the current condition of the cadastre, and the experience of other
European countries such as Austria, Netherlands and Germany, the modern
model of the cadastre should be organised in the following manner:
 cadastral data for both the descriptive and cartographic parts should be
integrated in one database, which would be managed on region
(voivodship) or subregion level;
 there should exist an obligation to define objects of cadastral database
in a uniform manner;
 due to software diversification it is necessary to introduce the standard
of exchange of cadastral data between the existing cadastral databases
 access to the cadastral information should be possible via
telecommunication and Internet networks, in a client-server
architecture;
 access to information should guarantee security of source data, and
provide the protection of personal data of the owners and holders of
real property.
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The project of the Integrated Cadastral System
1) Developing an integrating electronic platform for existing separated
databases: the land and building register (cadastre), land and mortgage
register
Some conditions must be satisfied:
• computerisation of the existing mortgage registers which are
maintained by disctrict courts, currently available on paper
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The project of the Integrated Cadastral System
• creation of the central database of the mortgage register
accessing
information
district
court
The central database of
the mortgage register
supplying with
information
about updates
district
court
district
court
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The project of the Integrated Cadastral System
2) modernisation of the existing land cadastre and converting it into
the real estate cadastre
some conditions must be satisfied:
• finishing computerisation of the geometrical part of the cadastre
• supplementing of the cadastral database with informations concerning
buildings and premises
• creating of source cadastral databases on region (voivodship) and
subregion level, supplied with data by county cadastral officces
accessing
information
Source cadastral
databases on region level
supplying with
information about
updates
cadastral
office
cadastral
office
cadastral
office
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SC
D
RL
SC
D
RL
SC
D
RL
SC
D
RL
Access
server to
IPE,
SWDE
standard
Tax register in
municipalities
The central
database of
KW
Migration
centres of
KW
Register
of farms
(IACS)
Access
server to
IPE,
SWDE
standard
KW
Sections
IPE
Access
server to
IPE,
SWDE
standard
Access
server to
IPE,
SWDE
standard
PESE
L
$
licensed
surveyors
REGO
N
Internet
Platform
$
notaries
$
$
banks
other users
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Summary
The implementation of the idea of the Integrated Cadastral System,
discussed in the paper, will enable to:
• develop an interface linking databases of the real estate cadastre with
land and mortgage register and property tax register,
• link this register with other subsystems and public registers,
• develop principles of the mass real estate appraisal,
• eliminate existing discrepancies between the real estate cadastre and
land and mortgage register,
• improve the accessibility to real estate database, thus creating
foundations for rational real estate management and implementation of
ad valorem tax,
• facilitate the access to real estate data, collected in the existing data
bases and in consequence, to stimulate real estate trade and improve its
safety and facilitate access to mortgage credit and mortgage banks’
growth,
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