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S3ETS: Supporting Science Success for Elementary Teachers and Students
Session 2
Today’s Agenda: February 17, 2015
Element
Content Focus
Content
Objectives
Details
Standard 1: Students will understand that water changes state as it moves through the
water cycle.
Objective 2: Describe the water cycle
Teachers will describe the molecular motion of water in the three states or phases and
when it is undergoing a phase change.
Teacher will construct both physical and representational models of condensation,
precipitation and evaporation.
Teachers will compare heat sources used in class and the sun’s role in the water cycle.
Teachers will construct a model or diagram of the water cycle and brainstorm ways to
introduce these types of models to their students.
Language
Objectives
Lesson Sequence
&
ILO Alignment
Teachers will correctly use higher level vocabulary when communicating about water
phases and cycles.
Teachers will use sentence stems or sentence frames provided to write about processes
in the water cycle.
1. Inquiry: Would you like your tea hot or cold?
2. S3ETS Business- Dina Dritz
3. Reading Guide and Informational Text
Bonus: Dew point and boiling point
C Penrod SLCSD 2015
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4. Modeling evaporation, condensation, and precipitation for conceptual understanding
a) Physical Models
b) Visual Models
c) Written Description of Process
d) Limitations of Models
e) Water Cycle Diagram
5. Homework – take a lesson you’ve done before and make it more student-centered.
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Case Studies: Phase Changes of Matter
A1-After washing your jeans,
you decide to hang them up on a
clothesline to dry. Explain HOW
they will dry using phase
changes of water.
Possible student explanation:
The water molecules start in
the liquid state/phase. They
can move freely and touch
each other. When the jeans are
hung outside, the water
molecules absorb
thermal/heat energy from the
sun. As each water molecule
gains more energy, it escapes
and goes flying off the jeans into
the surrounding air. Now the
molecules are in the air in the
gas phase/state. This process
is called evaporation.
liquid
+ energy
gas
A2-You have been swimming all
afternoon. You get out of the
pool and dry off with your towel.
Explain HOW your towel will
eventually dry using phase
changes of water.
Possible student explanation:
The water molecules start in
the liquid state/phase on the
towel. They can move freely
and touch each other. When
the wet towel is left outside, the
water molecules absorb
thermal/heat energy from the
sun. As each water molecule
gains more energy, it escapes
and goes flying off the towel into
the surrounding air. Now the
molecules are in the air in the
gas phase/state as the towel
dries off. This process is called
evaporation.
C Penrod SLCSD 2015
liquid
+ energy
gas
Since the jeans are wet, they
contain water in the liquid
phase. The water molecules
are touching, but not tightly
packed. They are able to move
around and soak the jeans.
When you hang them outside,
the water molecules gain
energy from the sun. This
thermal energy is absorbed by
the water molecules so that they
can change phase. When each
molecule has absorbed enough
energy to move apart from
other molecules, it will change
into the gas phase. In the gas
phase, molecules move with
high energy and leave the jeans.
They go flying off the jeans into
the air. This is how the jeans
dry. This process is called
evaporation.
When you dried off with the towel,
you added water to the towel. Now
the towel is wet with water in the
liquid phase. The water
molecules are touching, but not
tightly packed. They are able to
move around and soak the towel.
When you leave the towel in the
sun, the water molecules gain
energy. This thermal energy,
absorbed by the water molecules,
helps them change phase. When
each molecule has absorbed
enough energy to move apart
from other molecules, it will
change into the gas phase. In the
gas phase, molecules move with
high energy and leave the towel.
They go flying off into the air. This
is how the towel dries. This process
is called evaporation.
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B1-On a hot, summer day you
take a cold soda can out of the
fridge. You set it on the counter
and make yourself a sandwich to
go with it. When you pick up
your cold soda, the outside of
the can is wet. Explain HOW the
outside of the can got wet using
phase changes or water.
Possible student explanation:
The water molecules start in
the gas state/phase in the air as
water vapor. When the water
vapor molecules hit the cold
can, their energy is transferred
to the can. As each water
molecule losses energy, it
changes from a gas to a
liquid, or condenses, and
collects on the outside of the
can. This processes is called
condensation.
gas
- energy
liquid
B2-After a hot, steamy shower
your bathroom mirror is fogged
over. Explain HOW your mirror
got fogged over using phase
changes of water.
Possible student explanation:
The water molecules start in
the gas state/phase in the air as
water vapor from the steamy
shower. When the water vapor
molecules hit the cold mirror,
their energy is transferred to
the mirror. As each water
molecule losses energy, it
changes from a gas to a
liquid, or condenses, on the
surface of the mirror. The water
collects on the mirror and the
mirror gets wet. This processes
is called condensation.
C Penrod SLCSD 2015
gas
- energy
liquid
When you take a soda can out
of the fridge, the can and the
liquid inside the soda can are
cold. The air surrounding the
can is warmer and contains
water vapor. This water vapor
is in the gas phase, moving
quickly and is invisible. When
the water vapor molecules
randomly hit the soda can, the
heat in the gas molecules is
absorbed into the can. Since
the vapor molecules loose
energy, they slow down and
change into a liquid. As more
and more water vapor molecules
hit the outside of the can, they
also loose energy and change
phase. Over time, they form
drops of water on the can until
the can is wet on the outside.
This process is called
condensation.
When you take a steamy
shower, water vapor fills the air.
This water vapor is in the gas
phase, moving quickly and is
invisible. When the water vapor
molecules randomly hit the cold
mirror, the heat in the gas
molecules is absorbed into
the cold mirror. Since the
vapor molecules loose energy,
they slow down and change
into a liquid. As more and
more water vapor molecules hit
the cold mirror, they also loose
energy, change phase and
condense. Over time, they form
drops of water on the mirror until
the mirror is covered in water
droplets. This process is called
condensation.
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C1-During the winter, you notice
that there is a layer of ice on
your favorite fishing pond.
Explain HOW the ice formed on
the pond using phase changes
of water.
Freezing: Similar to
condensation
liquid
- energy
solid
C2-You want some ice for your
drink. When you open the
freezer, you notice that you are
out of ice! Then you notice an
empty ice tray. You fill it with
water. Explain HOW ice is made
using phase changes of water.
Freezing: Similar to
condensation
liquid
- energy
solid
D1-One snowy winter day, you
go outside and build a snowman.
The next day, the sun comes out
and your snowman disappears.
Explain HOW your snowman
disappeared using the phases of
water.
Thawing: Similar to
evaporation
solid
D2-You are eating a bowl of
delicious ice cream. Your phone
rings and you take the call,
talking for 20 minutes. When
you pick up your bowl, there is
liquid goop in your bowl. Explain
HOW your ice cream changed
into liquid goop using the phases
of matter.
C Penrod SLCSD 2015
+ energy
liquid
Thawing: Similar to
evaporation
solid
+ energy
liquid
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Sentence Frame Ideas for Changes in States of Matter
1. The molecules start in the __________________ state.
2. The molecules are __________________________ in the _____________ state.
3. When you ____________ energy to a ________________________, then the
molecules move __________________________________.
4. When _________________________ the energy in the molecules ______________.
5. When molecules _________________ energy, the molecules move ____________
and change from a ________________________ to a ______________________.
6. When a _________________ changes to a __________________ this is called
____________________________.
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Answer to Science Question # _______________
Name ______________________________
Rewrite the Question:
What is still unclear to you?
What new questions do you have about our topic?
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How Do Your Jeans Dry?
When you wash your clothes they become wet. You can’t wear them that way, so they have to dry. Most
of us would throw those clothes in a dryer and turn it on. But what if you had no dryer? Most people of
the past, and many people today dry their clothes by hanging them in the sun. How does this help? Let’s
find out.
1. Use the blue construction paper to cut out two pairs of pants. They should be the same size: about 4
inches long and about 1 inch wide.
2. Set up two clotheslines. Place a dowel in each wooden holder. Add some washers to make it stable.
Place the two poles about 10 inches apart.
Tie a string between them to make the clothesline.
It should look like this:
Be sure to make two of these.
The first one will be for drying our jeans in the sun, the other will be our control. We’ll use it to dry jeans
without the help of the sun.
3. Now use the pipette to drop 10 drops of water on each pair of jeans. Let the water soak in. Attach one
pair of jeans to each clothesline using paperclips or clothespins.
4. Set one clothesline in a shaded part of the classroom or outside. Set the other clothesline under a
lamp or in direct sun.
5. Use a graph and a timer to keep track of how long it takes for the jeans to dry. Here is a sample graph
for you.
Jeans Drying
Percent dry
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 5
10 15 20
Time in Minutes
Did you figure out how the jeans dried? What word would you use for that?
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Cold Soda, Warm Soda
It’s a hot day. You want a cold soda. You take one out of the refrigerator and set it down on the table
while you go find a glass. What happens to the soda can when you leave it for a little while? Let’s find
out.
1. Take two paper towels and place them on the table about a foot apart.
2. Place a room temperature soda can on one of the paper towels. This is our “control.” A control is
something that we can use to determine if changes are taking place in our experiment.
3. Take a cold can of soda out of the refrigerator. Wipe it with another paper towel to ensure it is dry on
the outside. Place it on the table on top of your second paper towel.
4. After 2 minutes check the outside of each can. Write and draw what you see. Be sure to label each
can.
5. Check the cans again every 2 minutes for 10 minutes. What happens? Why do you think it is
happening?
6. Discuss with your group how this relates to the water cycle. What is the process you witnessed called?
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Cooling off the Kettle
The steam rising from a boiling kettle is not water vapor. Instead, invisible water vapor rises above the
kettle, cools, and condenses into what we call steam. It’s really a kind of cloud! Once it rises farther into
the atmosphere, the molecules are able to move away from each other and become invisible again. This
happens in the sky as well. Clouds will form, then disappear when the water droplets gain enough energy
to become vapor. But some other things can happen. Let’s look at that.
1. Fill the tea kettle half full of water. Put it on the hotplate and turn it on high.
2. When the water begins to boil, put several ice cubes in the metal pie pan.
3. Now pick up the pie pan with the tongs. Hold it about 1 foot above the tea kettle so the steam and
water vapor can touch the cold underside of the pie pan.
4. Watch what happens. Write and draw your results. Think of reasons this may happen. How is this
like what happens in clouds?
Something to
discuss: What are
those bubbles that
form on the bottom
of the tea kettle?
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Would You Drink That???
In Utah, nearly all of our drinking water is treated before we drink it. The water treatment plant tests the
water for purity and uses chemicals, and other methods of treatment to be sure the water is safe to drink.
However, materials called “dissolved solids” are left in the water. Let’s see if we can find some of them.
1. Fill the beaker with 20 ml of water.
2. Set up the alcohol burner and stand. It should look like this:
3. Place the beaker on top of the stand.
4. Remove the protective lid and light the burner.
5. Allow the water to heat up and boil. Leave it there until it
boils completely away.
6. Extinguish the flame on the burner and let the beaker cool off for
at least 5 minutes.
7. Check the inside of the beaker. What do you notice? How did this stuff get there? What do you think
it is? What would happen if you refilled the beaker and did the experiment again without first cleaning
out the beaker?
Something to think about: How is the beaker like the Great Salt Lake?
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Global Water Fluxes and Reservoirs
Source: http://elements.geoscienceworld.org/content/7/3/157/F3.expansion.html
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Source: http://www.climate.be/textbook/images/image(5).jpg
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