Announcements 2/9/11 Prayer Complex numbers next time. The Colton “Complex numbers summary” handout should be helpful. k and w What’s the difference between these: s cos( x 5t ) s cos(2( x 5t )) General form of cosine wave: s A cos(k ( x vt ) ) …sometimes written as: w = _______ s A cos(kx wt ) k = “wavevector”; w = “angular frequency” Reading Quiz A wave pulse traveling on a string hits the end of the string, which is tied to a post. What happens? a. The pulse reflects, flipped over b. The pulse reflects, not flipped over Demos Shive wave machine Web demo: http://www.colorado.edu/physics/phet/simulations/stringwave/stringWave.swf Reminder: the Wave Equation 2 f 2 f C 2 2 t x C v2 Any function that has “x-vt” will work! …or “x+vt” Why is it called the wave equation? a. Because traveling waves are solutions of the equation! f A cos( x vt ) f A sin( x vt ) x f A sin( x vt ) v t Av sin( x vt ) 2 f A cos( x vt ) 2 x 2 f Av cos( x vt ) v 2 t Av 2 cos( x vt ) Analysis: A section of rope F x T2 1 0 T1 cos1 T2 cos 2 = small; cos 1 T1 T1 T2 T2 2 1 x x+Dx 1 T1 = mass/length “linear mass density” F y ma y T2 sin 2 T1 sin 1 ma y T sin 2 sin 1 Dx a y T sin 2 sin 1 2 y 2 Dx t = small; sin tan T tan 2 tan 1 2 y 2 Dx t A section of rope, cont. T tan 2 tan 1 2 y 2 Dx t T2 T1 T2 2 1 T1 x x+Dx y T x What is tan2 in picture? tan2 = opp/adj = rise/run = slope! (at x + Dx) y 2 x y x Dx x 2 t Dx T 2 y 2 y 2 2 x t v T Demo: wave speed vs tension I measured mass of spring to be 0.28 kg. Can we predict how fast wave will travel? Reading Quiz A wave pulse traveling on a string meets an interface, where the medium abruptly switches to a thicker string. What happens? a. The pulse continues on, but flipped over b. The pulse continues on, not flipped over c. The pulse reflects, flipped over d. The pulse reflects, not flipped over e. The pulse partially reflects and partially transmits Advertisement: We’ll figure out the equations for reflection and transmission on Monday Power: energy transfer 1 P w 2 A2v 2 (Proved in book; most important is P ~ A2) The Wave Equation: Linear 2 2 f f 2 v 2 t x 2 Any function that has “x-vt” will work! Why is it called the linear wave equation? a. Because we don’t have nonlinear terms like f2, x2, xf, ex, etc., in the equation itself. Properties of linear differential equations: a. If f1 is a solution, then so is C f1 b. If f1 and f2 are solutions, then so is (f1 + f2) Consider: f A1 cos(k1 ( x vt ) 1 ) A2 cos(k2 ( x vt ) 2 ) Thought Question What happens when two wave pulses on a linear medium run into each other head on? a. They reflect off of each other and go back the way they came. b. Part of each wave is reflected and part transmitted. c. They pass right through each other. Demo: Shive wave machine interference Web demo again Complex Numbers – A Summary What is the square What is “i”? root of 1… 1 or -1? What is “-i”? The complex plane Complex conjugate a. Graphically, complex conjugate = ? Polar vs. rectangular coordinates a. Angle notation, “A” Euler’s equation…proof that ei = cos + isin a. must be in radians b. Where is 10ei(p/6) located on complex plane? Reminder What is w? What is k? How do they relate to the velocity? Relationship between w and T Relationship between k and l Consistency check: w/k = ?