Teacher Profile 1. Personal Details: 1. Name: Dr. MAHAJAN SHRIKRISHNA SHANKAR 2. Designation: Head of the Department 3. Office Address: Department of Commerce and Management, Shivaji University, Kolhapur- 416004 Maharashtra, INDIA. 0231-2609173/ 74 Office Phone: 4. Residential Address: Residential Phone: Plot No.50, Varshanagar, B Ward, Kolhapur 416012. 0231-2694863 5. Email: ssm_commerce@unishivaji.ac.in ssmahajan_suk@rediffmail.com 6. Date of Birth: 18th November 1969. 2. Academic Details: 1. Area of Specialization: Accounting & Finance 2. Academic Qualifications: S.No. Degree Year Grade Name of Institution 1. B. Com. 1990 1st Class Shivaji University, Kolhapur. 2. M.Com. 1992 1st Class Shivaji University, Kolhapur. 3. M. Phil. 1994 ‘A’ Grade Shivaji University, Kolhapur. 4. NET 1993 --UGC, New Delhi. 4. Ph. D. 2007 --Shivaji University Title of M. Phil. dissertation “MANAGEMENT OF CO-OPERATIVE SPINNING MILLS: A CASE STUDY OF KOLHAPUR ZILLA SHETKARI VINKARI SAHAKARI SOOT GIRANI LTD. ICHALKARANJI.” Title of Ph. D thesis : “DISINVESTMENT IN PUBLIC SECTOR UNDERTAKINGS IN INDIA: A CRITICAL STUDY” 3. Research Interest/ Specialization: Accounting & Finance, Entrepreneurship and Rural Management 4. Teaching Experience: 20 years • U.G.: 11 years • P.G.: 9 years 5. Research Guidance: Sr. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. Programme M. Com. Projects M. B. A. Projects M. Phil. Dissertations Ph. D. Theses No. of Students completed 102 20 08 07 No. of students on going 12 05 02 04 6. Research Publications: Total Papers published 24 (A) Research Papers published in Journals: Sr. No. 1. Name of Author(s) Shrikrishna Mahajan Title of the paper 2. Shrikrishna Mahajan Under-pricing and undervaluation of PSUs’ shares in Disinvestment Programme: A Study” 3. Shrikrishna Mahajan Banking for Poor as Microfinance: A Study of SHGs Bank Linkage in Kolhapur District” 4. Shrikrishna Mahajan Disinvestment Policy and Its Impact on Employment in Public Sector: A Study 5. Shrikrishna Mahajan & Parashram Patil Agribusiness Management: A Study of Cashew-nut Industry In India Decentralised Powerloom Industry in Ichalkaranji: A Study 6. Shrikrishna Mahajan & Sagar Powar Rural Entrepreneurship Development through Agribusiness: A Study of Rice Mills in Kolhapur District 7. Shrikrishna Mahajan & Chandrakant Kamble Government Support to Women Entrepreneurship: A Study of Programmes implemented by MAVIM 8. Amol H. Bobade and Shrikrishna S. Mahajan Is the Crop Insurance a Remedy on Risk Management in Agriculture especially in Drought Prone Area? : It’s Performance in Khatav Taluka of Satara District 9. Shrikrishna Mahajan & Sagar Powar Women Entrepreneurship Development Through Food Processing Industry 10. Shrikrishna Exploring the Trend in Name of Journal, Vol., No. Southern Economist, Vol. 45, No. 2 ISSN-0038-4046 Indian Journal of Finance, Vol.1, No.4, ISSN:0973-8711 The Maharashtra Journal of Commerce, Premier Issue ETHOS: Journal of research articles in management science and allied areas (refereed) Vol.1, No.1 ISSN:0974-6706 JM International Journal of Finance (JMIJF), Vol.1, No.2 ISSN: 2229-6123 KAIM Journal of Management & Research, (Charkhi Dadri, Distt-Bhiwani Haryana) ISSN:0974-9462 Indian Stream Research Journal, Vol. (1), Issue-XI, ISSN:-2230-7850 Review of ResearchInternational Online Multidisciplinary Journal, Vol.1, Issue-IV ISSN: 2249-894X Prabhandan- A Scholarly Peer Reviewed Journal, Vol.2, Issue-1 ISSN: 2229-4791 Journal of Shivaji Month & Year May 15, 2006. OctoberNovember 2007. February 2008. JulyDecember 2008 May 2011 May, 2011 December, 2011 January 2012 February, 2012 Published 11. 12. Mahajan & Sagar Powar Production, Export & Import of Rice Shrikrishna Mahajan & Sagar Walavekar Farmers’ Awareness of Sugarcane Cultivation and its Financial Management: A Micro Level Study of Selected Villages of Sangli District Kshitija Sawant & Shrikrishna Mahajan University (Humanities and Social Sciences) Vol. 44, No.1&2 of 2009 ISSN: 0368-4199 ETHOS: Journal of research articles in management science and allied areas (refereed) Vol.1, No.1 in Dec.2012 JulyDecember 2012 Housing Loan Management: A Study Of KUC Bank Ltd ISSN:0974-6706 Journal of Commerce and Accounting Research, Vol.2, No.1 ISSN:2277-2146 International Journal of July 2013 Business, Management & Social Sciences, Vol.II, No.11, 13. Dr. Shrikrishna S. Mahajan and Manoj Nakate Export of Textile Products from from India: An Exploratory Study 14. Shrikrishna Mahajan & Natha Kalel An Assessment of Potential Financial Inclusion of Slum Dwellers Through Business Correspondent Model 15. Aniket Jadhav & Shrikrishna Mahajan Measuring Financial Health of Cooperative Sugar Factories: A Comparative Study of (B) Papers published in Edited Volumes: Sr. Name of Title of the paper No. Author(s) 1. Shrikrishna Commerce Mahajan Education, Business and Society- Its Interdependence 2. Shrikrishna Mahajan Role of Euro-issues in Foreign Investment in India 3. Shrikrishna Mahajan Service Tax and Its Accounting Aspect ISSN: 2249-7463 The IUP Journal of Bank Management, Vol.XII, No.4, November, 2013 ISSN: 0972-6918 ETHOS- (Journal of research articles in management science and allied areas) Vol. 6, No.1, ISSN:0974-6706 Title of a book & Publisher SOUVENIR of 18th Maharashtra Commerce Conference held at Sardar Patel Mahavidyalaya, Chandrapur 'Foreign Investment in India’ a volume edited by Dr. J. F. Patil and Dr. V. S. Patil, Shivaji University, Kolhapur. 'Service Tax in India’ a volume edited by Dr. J. F. Patil and Dr. V. S. Patil, Shivaji University, 2013 JulyDecember 2013 Month & Year 4th & 5th February 2005. 2006. 2007. 4. Kolhapur. ‘Jagtikikaran Bharatasamoril Aavhane’ a volume edited by Dr. Jagan Karade, Diamond Publication, Pune Jagatikikaran Aani Bharatatil Udyog Vyapar” (Globalization and Industry-Trade in India) (In Marathi- a regional language) Shrikrishna Mahajan 5. Shrikrishna Mahajan & Parashram Patil Financial Needs of Small Scale Industry: A Case Study of Cashew-Nut Industry 6. Shrikrishna Mahajan & Sagar Powar Financial Problems of Food Processing Industry in Kolhapur District 7. Shrikrishna Mahajan & Kumar Kamble Financial Inclusion through Inclusive Banking in Kolhapur District 8 Shrikrishna Mahajan & Sagar Powar (Role of Primary Milk Cooperative in Rural Development in India:) A Case Study of Kalnakwadi Village (Kolhapur District) (34-38) 9 Shrikrishna Mahajan New Horizons of Commerce & Management in Changing Scenario (15-20) January 2008. ISBN: Rediscovering Finance & 2010 Banking Edited Book edited by P.S.James, Roji George & Roshna Varghese, Excel India Publishers, New Delhi. ISBN:978-93-80697-18-5 2011 Recent Trends in Finance and Banking, Excel India Publishers, New Delhi. ISBN:978-93-80697-18-5 Recent Trends in Finance and Banking, Published by Excel India Publishers, New Delhi ISBN:978-93-80697-18-5 Proceeding of UGC sponsored National Seminar on New Challenges Before the Indian Dairy Industry organized by G. A. College of Commerce, Sangli Proceeding of UGC sponsored National Seminar on Emerging Areas of Research in Commerce and Management organized by Sadashivrao Mandlik Mahavidyalaya, Murgud, Dist. Kolhapur ISBN:978-93-5104-962-3 2011 10th and 11th August 2012 11 & 12 January 2013. 7. Papers presented at Conferences/ Seminars etc.: Sr. Name of Title of paper Name of Sponsoring Month & No. Author(s) Symposia/ Conference agency Year 1. Shrikrishna Mahajan Challenges and opportunities of powerloom industry in India and centenary year of powerloom sector in Ichalkaranji XVth Maharashtra State Commerce Conference on “Excellence in Commerce Education: A Global Challenge” B. N. N. College, Bhiwandi and Maharashtra State Commerce Association 14th and 15th February 2004 2. Shrikrishna Mahajan Socio-economic environment in India and quality assurance and nongrant scenario in higher education One Day State Level Seminar on ‘Quality assurance without grants: a dilemma in higher education’ G. A. College of Commerce, Sangli 13th March 2004 3. Shrikrishna Mahajan Practical orientated commerce education at graduation level One Day Seminar on ‘Challenges before Commerce and management education’ Shivaji University Commerce And Management Teachers Association at D. R. K. College of Commerce, Kolhapur. 14th March 2004 4. Shrikrishna Mahajan Rural Resources Management: a way of rural development through optimum utilisation of rural resources National Seminar on ‘Resources utilisation and regional development in India’. Shivaji Vidyapeeth Bhugol Shikshak Sangh at Shivaji University Kolhapur 28th , 29th and 30th January 2005 5. Shrikrishna Mahajan Rural Service Management: A Study of Crop Insurance XVth Maharashtra State Commerce Conference on “Agro-based IndustriesProduction, Management and Marketing” Mastyodari Sanstheche Arts, Commerce and Science College, Jalana and Maharashtra State Commerce Association 5th and 6th February 2005 6. Shrikrishna Mahajan Disinvestment in Public Sector in India: A Critical Study International Conference on Management AIMS International USA and Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad. 1st to 4th January 2006. 7. Shrikrishna Mahajan Role of Euro-Issue in Foreign Investment in India National Workshop on “Foreign Investment in India: The United Western Bank’s Late Shri. R. N. 5th & 6th January 2006. Opportunities and Challenges” Godbole Chair at Department of Commerce & Management, Shivaji University, Kolhapur. 18th Maharashtra State Commerce Conference on “Social Dimensions of Commerce Education Campaign on University Research and Training (COURT- 2006) Sardar Patel Mahavidyalaya, Chandrapur. 4th & 5th February 2006. Shivaji University, Kolhapur. 6th & 7th October 2006. UWB’s Late R. N. Godbole Chair, Department of Commerce and Management, Shivaji University, Kolhapur. Kanya Mahavidyalaya, Miraj (Dist.Sangli) 15th & 16th January 2007. The Indian Commerce Association and Department of Commerce, Osmania University, Hyderabad Panhala Dist. Kolhapur. 27th, 28th and 29th December 2007. Rajgad Dnyanpeeth’s Anantrao Thopate College 2nd and 3rd February 2008. 8. Shrikrishna Mahajan Commerce Education, Business and Society- Its Interdependence (Paper in absentia) 9. Shrikrishna Mahajan Disinvestment in Public Sector Undertakings in India: A Critical Study(Poster Presentation) 10. Shrikrishna Mahajan Service Tax and its Accounting Aspect National Workshop on Service Tax 11. Shrikrishna Mahajan Impact of Disinvestment on employment in Public Sector Undertakings: A Case of India Fourth Annual Conference of Shivaji University Commerce and Management Teachers’ Association 12. Shrikrishna Mahajan The Horizon of Micro-finance: A Study of SHGs Bank Linkage in Kolhapur District 60th All India Commerce Conference 13. Shrikrishna Mahajan Commerce Education 14. Shrikrishna Mahajan Fifth Annual Conference of Shivaji University Commerce and Management Teachers’ Association 20th Maharashtra Commerce Conference Micro-finance as Banking for poor: SHGs Bank Linkage in Kolhapur District 21st January 2007. 19th and 20th January 2008. and Research Centre, Bhor Dist. Pune. 15. Shrikrishna Mahajan Avenue of ADRs and GDRs in International Finance: A Study of Foreign Investments in India National Conference on ‘International Business- Problems and Prospects for India’ Department Commerce and Management (MBA Unit), Shivaji University, Kolhapur. 6th and 7th February 2008. 16. Shrikrishna Mahajan & Parashram Patil Cashew-nut Industry and Development of Hilly Region National Conference on The Development of Hilly Regions: Problems and Potentials Prof. Dr. N. D. Patil Mahavidyalaya, Malkapur-Perid, Dist. Kolhapur. 2nd & 3rd March 2009 17. Shrikrishna Mahajan & Sagar Powar Rice Mills and Rural Industrialization National Seminar on Rural Industrialization: Problems and Prospects Ajara Mahavidyalaya, Ajara Dist. Kolhapur 5th & 6th February 2010 18. Shrikrishna Mahajan & Parashram Patil SWOT Analysis of Small Scale Industry: A Case Study of Cashew-nut Industry in India Ajara Mahavidyalaya, Ajara Dist. Kolhapur 5th & 6th February 2010 19. Shrikrishna Mahajan & Parashram Patil Financial Needs of Small Scale Industry: A Case Study of Cashew-Nut Industry National Conference on Rural Industrialization: Problems and Prospects National Conference on ‘Finance & Banking’ Saintgits Institute of Mangement, Kottayam, Kerala. 3rd and 4th September 2010. 20. Shrikrishna Mahajan Developing Rural Entrepreneurship through Agribusiness 63rd All India Commerce Conference The Indian Commerce Association and Department of Commerce, Goa University, Goa. 1st to 3rd October 2010. 21. Shrikrishna Mahajan & Supriya Chougule Current Reporting Standards & IFRS International Seminar on International Financial Reporting StandardsChallenges before Indian Accountants and Companies Gogate Jogalekar College Ratnagiri and Konkan Chapter of ICWAI 26th & 27th November 2010. 22. Shrikrishna Mahajan & Globalisation & Economic International Conference on Indian Institute of Mangement 16th to 18th December Parashram Patil Asymmetries: A Study of Challenges & Opportunities before India’s Foreign Trade of Cashew-nut Globalisation & Economic Asymmetries in International Trade and Development Lucknow and Athenian Policy Forum, held at Indian Institute of Mangement Lucknow, Noida Campus 2010. 23. Shrikrishna Mahajan & Parashram Patil Development of Social and Economic Backward Class: A Study of Cashew-nut Industry International Seminar on Inclusive Development in India: Past Experiences, Present Challenges and Future Directions Department of Social Work, University of Lucknow, Lucknow. 20th & 21st December 2010. 24. Shrikrishna Mahajan SCs Development Corporations in India: ‘An Effective Tool for Inclusion’ with Entrepreneurship Development Perspective International Seminar on Inclusive Development in India: Past Experiences, Present Challenges and Future Directions Department of Social Work, University of Lucknow, Lucknow. 20th & 21st December 2010. 25. Shrikrishna Mahajan Caste in Business National Workshop on Atrocities on Dalits in India Centre for The Study of Social Exclusion & Inclusive Policy, Shivaji University, Kolhapur. 4th & 5th January 2011. 26. Shrikrishna Mahajan Business Approaches to Sustainable Consumption with reference to Entrepreneurship Development and Innovation Perspective National Seminar on Environment, Society and Culture in the Wake of Globalisation Department of Sociology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur. 18th & 19th February 2011. 27. Shrikrishna Mahajan & Chandrakan t Kamble Government Support to Women Entrepreneurship: A Study of Programmes Implemented by MAVIM International Seminar on Women Entrepreneurship Kamala College, Kolhapur 25th & 26th March 2011. 28. Shrikrishna Women International Kamala College, 25th & 26th Mahajan & Parashram Patil Entrepreneurship in Cashew Industry: A Case of Sagar Industry Seminar on Women Entrepreneurship Kolhapur March 2011. 29. Shrikrishna Mahajan & Sagar Powar Entrepreneurship Development among Women Through Food Processing Industry International Seminar on Women Entrepreneurship Kamala College, Kolhapur 25th & 26th March 2011. 30. Shrikrishna Mahajan & Sagar Powar Financial Problems of Food Processing Industry in Kolhapur District National Conference on ‘Finance & Banking’ Saintgits Institute of Mangement, Kottayam, Kerala. 11th and 12th November 2011. 31. Shrikrishna Mahajan & Kumar Kamble Financial Inclusion through Inclusive Banking in Kolhapur District National Conference on ‘Finance & Banking’ Saintgits Institute of Mangement, Kottayam, Kerala. 11th and 12th November 2011. “Annihilation of Caste: Necessity of Nation" National Seminar on '75 Years of Annihilation of Caste- Tracing the Journy of Caste System in India' Department of Political Science, Shivaji University, Kolhapur. 25th & 26th December 2012 “Social Dilemma of Eradicating Poverty Through Profits: Myths and Realities of The Fortune at the Bottom of Pyramid" National Seminar on 'Poverty and Social Inequalities in India' Department of Sociology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur Shrikrishna Mahajan Financial Inclusion of Poor: BOP Market for Banking National Seminar on ‘Financial Inclusion: A Gateway of Inclusive Development’ Department of Commerce and Management, Shivaji University, Kolhapur. Shrikrishna Mahajan “Financial Inclusion & Performance of Cooperatives In Maharashtra" National Seminar on ‘Re-Asserting the Co-operative Movement in 21st Century in India’ Department of Economics, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 7th & 8th March 2014 Shrikrishna Mahajan & Aniket Jadhav “Predication of Financial Health of Cooperative Sugar Factories- Z Score Model” National Seminar on ‘Re-Asserting the Co-operative Movement in 21st Century in India’ Department of Economics, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 7th & 8th March 2014 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. Shrikrishna Mahajan Shrikrishna Mahajan 15th & 16th February 2013 6th & 7th December 2013 8. Research Project Work: Sr. No Title Minor Research ProjectMicro-Enterprise Promotion: A Study of Self-Help Groups in Karveer Taluka Minor Research ProjectEvaluation of Kisan Credit Cards Scheme: A Study of Bank in Selected Villages of Kolhapur District Minor Research ProjectEvaluation of The Self Instructional Material (SIM) of Accounting and Finance for Managers Developed by The Centre for Distance Education (Shivaji University) for M. B. A. 1 2 3 Major Research ProjectRole of State Development Agencies in Entrepreneurship Development among Scheduled Castes in Maharashtra with special reference to Western Maharashtra Major Research ProjectFinancial Inclusion of Slum through Business Correspondent Model in Maharashtra with reference to Kolhapur District 4 5. Agency Grant /Amount Mobilize d (Rs.) Period Whether Co-PI Shivaji University , Kolhapur 5,000 01-06-2007 to 31-05-2009 Principal Investigator Completed Bank of India 17,000 01-12-2008 To 30-06-2009 Principal Investigator Completed The Centre for Distance Education , Shivaji University , Kolhapur. Status Completed 10,000 01-04-2009 to 30-06-2009 Principal Investigator University Grant Commissi on, New Delhi 5,60,587 01-02-2010 to 31-01-2012 Principal Investigator Completed Indian Council for Social Science Research (ICSSR), New Delhi 7,00,000 01-03-2014 to 31-08-2015 Project Director On-going 9. Books Published: Sr . No. Name of Book Name of Publisher Date of Published Author(s) Name 1. Financial Management ISBN- 978-81-8486-104-4 Shivaji University, Kolhapur February, 2009 S S Mahajan A G Suryavanshi S M Sonalkar 2. Project Planning and Financial Decision Analysis ISBN- 978-81-8486-199-0 Shivaji University, Kolhapur July 2009 S S Mahajan K V Marulkar A G Suryavanshi 3. Indian Financial Analysis ISBN- 978-81-8486-198-3 Shivaji University, Kolhapur July 2009 4. Investment Management ISBN- 978-81-8486-201-0 Shivaji University, Kolhapur 2009 5. International Finance ISBN- 978-81-8486-319-2 Shivaji University, Kolhapur 2009 6. Case Studies in Finance ISBN- 978-81-8486-320-8 Shivaji University, Kolhapur 2009 7. Management Control System ISBN- 978-81-8486-315-4 Shivaji University, Kolhapur 2009 8. Entrepreneurship and Project Management ISBN- 978-81-8486-314-7 Shivaji University, Kolhapur 2009 V B Kakade S S Kulkarni S S Mahajan K V Marulkar A G Suryavanshi V B Kakade S S Mahajan K V Marulkar A G Suryavanshi S S Kulkarni S S Mahajan K V Marulkar A G Suryavanshi S S Kulkarni V B Kakade S S Mahajan H M Thakar K V Marulkar A G Suryavanshi S S Mahajan K V Marulkar A G Suryavanshi S S Kulkarni S S Mahajan A G Suryavanshi Sarang Bhola B S Kudachimath K Shivshankar 10. Contribution to the University and other academic assigments: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Chairman, Departmental Scrutiny Committee. Chairman, Departmental Research Committee. Member, Board of Studies in Commerce, Shivaji University, Kolhapur. Member, Faculty of Commerce, Shivaji University, Kolhapur. Member, Board of Studies in Vocational Commerce, University of Pune, Pune. Member, Research and Recognition Committee in Commerce under the faculty of Commerce, Shivaji University, Kolhapur. Member, Research and Recognition Committee in Business Management the under faculty of Commerce, Shivaji University, Kolhapur. Member, Research and Recognition Committee in Accountancy under the faculty of Commerce, Shivaji University, Kolhapur. Member, Research and Recognition Committee in Business Economics under the faculty of Commerce, Shivaji University, Kolhapur. Member, Board of University Teaching and Research, Shivaji University, Kolhapur. Member, Furniture Committee, Shivaji University, Kolhapur. Group Teacher for Remedial coaching of Commerce Students. Worked on (a) Committee for Preparing proposal for Yashwantrao Chavan School of Rural Development, (b) Committee for verification of Academic Performance Index, (c) Committee for Choice based Credit System (d) Internal Peer Team for AAA (Academic and Administration Audit) (e) Students' Aid Fund External Referee for Evaluation of Ph. D. theses for various esteemed universities. Member (Expert) of Selection Committee of various esteemed universities. Member of editorial board and Reviewer for various academic journals. Additional Charges: 1 2 Professor, Late Shri. R. N. Godbole Chair in Financial Management and Banking Research, Department of Commerce and Management, Shivaji University, Kolhapur. Coordinator for M. C. A. Programme at Department of Commerce and Management, Shivaji 3 University, Kolhapur. Coordinator for M. C. A. (Rural Informatics) Programme at Yashwantrao Chavan School of Rural Development, Shivaji University, Kolhapur. 11. Membership of Professional bodies: 1. Life Member of Association of Indian Management Scholars International, USA. 2. Life Member of Indian Commerce Association. 3. Life Member of Indian Accounting Association 4. Life Member of Maharashtra State Commerce Conference. 5. Life Member of Shivaji Univ. Commerce and Management Teachers Association. 6. Life Member of Marathi Arthshastra Parishad. 7. Life Member of Dakshin Maharashtra Sahitya Parishad. 8. Member of Shivaji University P. G. Teachers’ Cooperative Credit Society, Kolhapur. 12. Honors / Rewards: 1. ‘Yuva Gourav Puraskar’ for contribution in the field of Education, Marathi Literature and Social Work 2. ‘Kusumagraj Kavya Puraskar’ for the poetry collection published entitled ‘Wanted Sun Ray’ 13. Guidance under Fellowship: Guided, motivated and supported the students for various fellowships as under: Sr. Name of the Fellow Research work Type of Fellowship No. worked/ working under the guidance of Dr. S. S. Mahajan 1. Dr. Parashram J. Patil Ph. D. Research Departmental Research work completed Fellowship by Shivaji University 2. Mr. Chandrakant B. M. Phil. Research Research Fellow at Major Kamble work completed Research Project 3. Mr. Dhananjay S. M. Phil. Research Rajiv Gandhi National Kamble work-in-progress Fellowship by UGC New Delhi 4. Mr. Natha S. Kalel Ph. D. Research Departmental Research work-in-progress Fellowship by Shivaji University 5. Mr. Sagar Walvekar Ph. D. Research ICSSR Doctoral Fellowship work-in-progress by ICSSR New Delhi. 6. Mr. Ramdas Bolake Ph. D. Research ICSSR Doctoral Fellowship work-in-progress by ICSSR New Delhi. *********