Animation
The different techniques explained
A presentation by Andrea Joyce
Hand drawn animation
•
•
•
Traditional animation, also referred to as
classical animation, cel animation, or handdrawn animation, is the oldest and historically
the most popular form of animation. In a
traditionally-animated cartoon, each frame is
drawn by hand
Disney used this type of animation, some
animators, even those working in the industry
today, choose to use the traditional drawn
method. Others use computer programmes
that simulate the traditional method such as
photoshop
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gUVUL0ZF_EY
Stop Motion Animation
Stop-motion animation, is the term used to describe animation created by physically manipulating
real-world objects and photographing them one frame of film at a time to create the illusion of
movement.
There are many different types of stop-motion animation, usually named after the type of media used
to create the animation, these include:
• Cutout animation
• Claymation animation
• Model animation (like the classic King-Kong)
• Object animation
• Puppet animation
Cutout Animation
Cutout animation is a unique technique for producing animations
using flat characters, props and backgrounds cut from materials
such as paper, card, stiff fabric or even photographs.
The world's earliest known animated feature films were cutout
animations (made in Argentina by Quirino Cristiani as early as
1917)
Angela Anaconda is a contemporary example of the use of cutout
animation. The programme combines black-and-white photographs
with cutout-style CGI animation.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=utgXR6k-P1s
Clay animation/Claymation
•
•
•
•
In clay animation, which is one of the many forms of
stop motion animation, each object is sculpted in
clay or a similarly pliable material such as Plasticine,
usually around a wire skeleton called an armature.
Producing a stop motion animation using clay is
extremely laborious. 12 changes are usually made for
one second of film movement. For a 30-minute
movie, there would be approximately 21,600 stops to
change the figures for the frames. For a full length
(90 min) movie, there would be approximately
64,800 stops and possibly far more if parts were shot
with "singles" or "ones" (one frame exposed for each
shot). Great care must be taken to ensure the object
is not altered by accident, by even slight smudges,
dirt, hair, or even dust. For feature-length
productions, the use of clay has generally been
supplanted by rubber silicone and resin-cast
components.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AhczFRlBT2E
Gumby, an animated character first seen on TV in
1954
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iDs8VMz-cuc
The Trap Door intro. Claymation TV series from 1984,
ran for 40 episodes
Computer animation
•
Computer animation encompasses a
variety of techniques, the unifying idea
being that the animation is created
digitally on a computer.
•
The term covers 2D animation using
Flash to the CGi techniques used in
Pixar’s many successful films.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5YmI
S57J9E
Sand Animation
•
•
•
During the process of sand animation an artist creates a series of images using sand, a process
which is achieved by applying sand to a surface and then rendering images by drawing lines and
figures in the sand with one's hands.
To increase visibility and to add further artistic aesthetic, a sand animation performer will often
use the aid of an overhead projector or lightboard. In the latter, animators move around sand on
a backlighted or frontlighted piece of glass to create each frame for their animated films.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LZq2ddxviCA Ferenc Cako - Story Of The Old Castle
Drawn on film animation
•
Drawn on film animation (also known as "direct animation", or "animation without camera") is
an animation technique where footage is produced by creating the images directly on film stock,
as opposed to any other form of animation where the images or objects are photographed frame
by frame with an animation camera
•
There are two basic methods to produce animation directly on film. One starts with blank film
stock, the other one with black (already developed) film. On blank film the artist can draw, paint,
stamp, or even glue objects. Black film (or any footage) can be scratched, etched, sanded, or
punched. Any tool the artist finds useful may be used for this, and all techniques can be
combined endlessly. The frame borders may be observed or completely ignored, found footage
may be included, any existing image might be distorted by mechanical or chemical means.
•
The first and best known practictioners of drawn on film animation were Len Lye and Norman
McLaren, who produced numerous animated films using these methods. Their work already
covered the whole span between storytelling and totally abstract animation.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p4GAfQc-0p4 Two Sisters by Caroline Leaf
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T3y1offmJ4Y A Colour Box by Len Lye (1935)
•
•