Matakuliah
Tahun
: U0183 / FOTOGRAFI 2
: 2010
Pertemuan 01
Introduction to Artificial Lighting
Introduction
Contents Of Class Meeting
-
Introduction to lighting theory
- Types of studio lighting equipments
- The basic studio set up & its accessories
- The components & functions in lighting equipment
- Handling and storing the equipments
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The Equipments
- The lighting system
- Light shapers & accessories
- Light stands
- Background
- Light meter
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Lighting theory
Hard Light
• A very small lightsource (in relation to
the object)
• The shadows of such a light are very
sharp. On a wall behind the object there
are only two different areas: illuminated
areas and a core shadow.
• The distance of the lightsource to the
object has also a big influence on the
hardness: Imagine e.g. a normal
reflector illuminating a person from
about 10 m distance, the resulting
shadows will be very hard. But when
you illuminate a small box of matches
from about 10 cm with the same
reflector - the shadows will be much
softer
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Lighting theory
Soft Light
• A typical soft lightsource is about the
same size as the object.
• On a wall behind the object a "new"
shadow appears: Between the fully
illuminated areas and the core shadow
we can see a gradation from the light
to dark. This area is called a semi
shadow. Again the distance has an
important influence: Going very for
away from the object the light
becomes harder, going closer it gets
softer.
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Lighting theory
You get diffused light from
a very big lightsource.
Choosing the light big
enough; its characteristics
are
more
or
less
independent
of
the
distance.
Every little spot on the wall
behind the object gets
some light.
The
core
shadows
disappear. Eventually only a
slightly darker area can be
seen on the background.
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Lighting theory
The highlight
correlation
&
shadow
The idea is simple; any
subject can be considered
as being a mirror. Of
course, some reflect more,
others less. Some have a
perfectly flat surface, some
show a structure.
To
show
structures
/
texture,
we
need
the
relation between light and
shadow; so we work with a
hard light.
Examples:
textile,
food,
sunlight imitations and etc.
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Lighting Equipment
The “Solo” Lighting Unit
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Lighting Equipment
The Lighting Component
The 2 types of lightsource
1. Flash Light
2. Modelling Light
Flash Tube
Halogen Modeling Lamp
Protection Glass Domes
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Light Shapers & Accesories
Reflectors , Barndoors & Honeycomb Grids
Light Quality
Coverage: center weighted
Edge transfer: short
Shadow definition: very high
Shadow contrast: high
Highlight: very small, burnt out
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Light Shapers & Accesories
Light Quality
Satelite
Softer light quality yet
retainingHard and directed light
Superb shadows
Excellent tool for simulating
sunlight in advertising and fashion
studios and for automobile and
furniture photography
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Light Shapers & Accesories
• Soft box
Light Quality
Coverage: even
Edge transfer: endless
Shadow definition: low
Shadow contrast: low
Highlight: square,
slightly
centerweighted, sharp
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Light Shapers & Accesories
Umbrella Reflector
Light Quality
Coverage: fairly even
Edge transfer: fairly smooth
Shadow definition: fairly sharp
Shadow contrast: high
Highlight: fairly small, burnt out
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Light Stands
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Ceiling system
Backgrounds
- Paper Background
- Canvas Background
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Camera
Understanding color in digital images
White Balance / Color balance
A term that commonly used in video and cinematography to create a
neutral balanced color (natural white & blacks) depending on the light
source that is available at the time of the shoot.
Daylight Balance (5000 – 5500 Kelvin temp)
This balance is the default balance that is similar to common analog
films. A setting that is very agreeable to outdoor lighting where bright
sunlight is available.
Tungsten Balance (3200 – 3400 Kelvin temp)
Very suitable to be used under lighting sources that is yellow in nature,
such as halogen lights. Will create a neutral white under
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Other Important Terminology
Working with color in digital images
Kelvin Balanced
Probably the most accurate way to produce a neutral color in any
lighting condition. The use of this feature is very specific and often
requires a color meter and plenty of experience in light surroundings.
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